81. GHVAZGEN All About Armenia > Armenia > History The summary for this Russian page contains characters that cannot be correctly displayed in this language/character set. http://ghvazgen.boom.ru/armenia/history.html

document.write(''); IV-III òûñÿ÷åëåòèÿ äî í.ý. âîçíèêíîâåíèå ïðààðìÿíñêèõ ïëåìåííûõ ñîþçîâ íà òåððèòîðèè Àðìÿíñêîãî íàãîðüÿ. VI-V ââ. äî í.ý. çàâåðøåíèå ýòíè÷åñêîãî ôîðìèðîâàíèÿ àðìÿíñêîãî íàðîäà íà òåððèòîðèè Àðìÿíñêîãî íàãîðüÿ è ôîðìèðîâàíèÿ àðìÿíñêîãî ÿçûêà. VII â. Àðìåíèÿ âî âëàäåíèè àðàáîâ. document.write('');

82. Western Policy Center The Center in the Press. armenia s history, Turkey s Dilemma By Paul GlastrisWashington Post Outlook Section Sunday, March 11, 2001; Page B01. http://www.westernpolicy.org/InThePress/20010311.asp

The Center in the Press Armenia's History, Turkey's Dilemma By Paul Glastris Washington Post Outlook Section Sunday, March 11, 2001; Page B01 It is dimly lit and dank as a cavern inside the old National Bank building two blocks from the White House. The electricity is off, and we make our way around with the aid of a flashlight. Its narrow beam reveals an impressive three-story atrium with a carved wood ceiling, dated-looking ATM machines and an old bank vault, its yard-thick steel door yawning open. I'm exploring this vintage space with Ross Vartian of the Armenian National Institute (ANI), a branch of the increasingly powerful Armenian Assembly of America, an ethnic lobbying group. The ANI bought the building last year for $7.25 million, with the aim of transforming it from a place that safeguarded money to one that will preserve a memory. Four years from now, Vartian tells me, this space will be a $50 million museum and memorial filled with mural-size photos, personal artifacts and interactive exhibits chronicling the history of an atrocity that time and politics have long obscured: the Armenian genocide of 1915 to 1923. Visitors will learn how, in those eight years, 1.5 million Armenians living in the eastern Anatolia region of present-day Turkey were massacred or perished in forced death marches ordered by the nationalist Turkish regime of the declining Ottoman Empire. Vartian says he wants the museum to be as emotionally powerful and historically accurate as Washington's hugely popular U.S. Holocaust Memorial Museum. That means being honest about not only the Turks who slaughtered Armenians, but also those who tried to save them. "Just about every Armenian who survived, including a member of my own family, was saved by a righteous Turk," says Vartian. But whether it honors righteous Turks or not, the museum will not be seen as historically accurate by the Republic of Turkey.

83. History Of Ancient Armenia And Urartu history of Ancient armenia and Urartu. armenia, under Roman influence,was never under one outside rule. It’s large and vast country http://www.usd.edu/~clehmann/pir/arm_hist.htm

History of Ancient Armenia and Urartu. Armenia, under Roman influence, was never under one outside rule. The country of Armenia was first settled approximentally 6000 B.C. by a group of Thracian-Phrygian tribes that crossed in Anatolia from the Balkans. The Armenians established themselves as a new ruling aristocracy imposing their Indo-European language. This was the civilization of Urartu. This country has beautyin its breathtaking lakes and immense plateaus, in a harsh and rugged winter set in some of the highest mountain tops int the world. In its rich alluvial soil great resources abounded, including grapes, tobbacco, apricots, nuts, and apples. It also had very important natural resources as well, including gold, silver, copper, alumina, iron, granite, and marble. The Romans exploited these resources more than the Armenians did. Return to Home Page.

84. Armenian Architecture - VirtualANI - The Gateway To The City Interactive map of the deserted medieval city brings up thumbnail photographs and key facts on each building. Brief history, account of its rediscovery and comments on recent excavation and restoration. http://www.virtualani.freeserve.co.uk/

A thousand years ago the city of Ani was the capital of an Armenian kingdom that covered much of present day Armenia Ani is now a ghost city , uninhabited for over three centuries and marooned since 1921 in a Turkish military zone right on the border and north-eastern Turkey. At that time Ani had a with modern Armenia. Today's visitors to Ani must explore the ruins under the population of at least 100,000 and its wealth and renown was such that it was known as the "city of a thousand and one churches". Built on a spectacular site - a plateau almost encircled by deep ravines - Ani's many churches, palaces and fortifications were amongst the most supervision of soldiers, much of the extensive site is now off-limits, and all photography is forbidden. Enter this website for a building by building description of Ani, a history of the city, plus a selection of medieval Armenian churches, monasteries and castles that can be found elsewhere technically and artistically advanced buildings in the Europe of that period. within Turkey.

85. Richard G. Hovannisian UCLA Homepage Fields of interest armenian history The Republic of armenia and armenian Questionafter World War I; the Caucasus; armenian history placed in broader Near http://www.sscnet.ucla.edu/history/hovannisian/

Richard G. Hovannisian Armenian Educational Foundation Professor of Modern Armenian History Fields of interest: Armenian History: The Republic of Armenia and Armenian Question after World War I; the Caucasus; Armenian history placed in broader Near Eastern, European, and Russian contexts. Education: Ph.D., UCLA, 1966 Publications: Armenia on the Road to Independence , (1967, 4 reprints) The Republic of Armenia The Armenian Holocaust , Cambridge, Massachusetts, Armenian Heritage Press (1980) The Armenian Image in History and Literature , Undena Press (1981) The Armenian Genocide in Perspective , Rutgers, Transaction Press (1986, 5 reprints) The Armenian Genocide: History, Politics, Ethics , London: Macmillan and New York: St. Martin's Press (1992) The Armenian People from Ancient to Modern Times, 2 vols. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1997 Remembrance and Denial: The Case of the Armenian Genocide. Detroit: Wayne State University Press (1998, reprint 1999) Editor of following: Islam's understanding of Itself , Atlanta: Scholars Press (1983) Ethics in Islam , Atlanta: Scholars Press (1985) Poetry and Mysticism in Islam: The Heritage of Rumi , Atlanta: Scholars Press (1994) The "Thousand and One Nights" in Arabic Literature and Society

86. Artavazd Translate this page history of armenia before the armenians 10.00 Giusto Traina Classical Antiquity10.30 Nina Garsoian Le Haut Moyen Age 11.00 coffee break 11.30 Claude Mutafian http://artavazd.splinder.it/1064970000

clicked=6033 Riunioni Avvisi Artavazd Il sito Artavazd e' attualmente in ristrutturazione: imminente l'uscita di un sito "maggiore" gestito dall'Universita' di Lecce. Per gli eventi che si svolgono in Italia, consultate anche il sito, sempre ben aggiornato, della Comunita' Armena di Roma commenti Segnalo il sito dell'archeologo Hayk Hakobyan , relativo a ricerche aerofotografiche in Armenia. http://www.archaeology.am/project.html commenti (7) Ricevo da Aldo Ferrari: VII Seminario Armenistico Italiano Casa Armena di Milano, 22 novembre 2003 Boghos Levon Zekiyan Omaggio al prof. Giancarlo Bolognesi, decano dell'armenistica italiana. Una vita dedita alla cultura e all'armenistica. Gabriella Uluhogian Ricordi di un•allieva del prof. Bolognesi Moreno Morani (Lectio Magistralis), Riflessi di storia e cultura nella lingua armena. Andrea Scala Spigolature armeno-zingariche. Alessandro Orengo Grammatiche italiane scritte da Armeni fra Sei e Settecento. 12.00 Discussione 13.00 Pranzo Gioacchino Strano Zara Pogossian La reazione armena al concetto del primato della Chiesa di Roma nei secoli XII-XIII Donatella Alesi "Temporeggiare" e conoscere. Corrispondenze dei cattolici armeni di Costantinopoli nel fondo documentario di Monsignor Luigi Rotelli (1883-1887)

87. Redirect Features history of scout movements, news and projects. http://users.freenet.am/~astgik/

88. Azerbaijan, Republic Of Azerbaijan, Turkic Crimes Against Humanity, Karabagh history, government, and the country as seen by an armenian. Includes ancient maps, brief history of armenia, pictures of the destruction caused by the war as well as the chronology of the events, and articles. http://www.geocities.com/master8885/

DISCOVER THE REPUBLIC OF AZERBAIJAN "If there is a single Armenian left in Karabakh this October, the Azerbaijanis will hang him in Baku's Central Square." Former Azeri President Elchibey, 6/92 GANDZASAR KARABAGH CHURCH, ARMENIAN BUILT, A.D. 1211 SHELLING OF STEPANAKERT (XAKENDI), DESTRUCTION CAUSED BY AZERBAIJAN ANCIENT HISTORICAL MAPS PURCHASED FROM UNITED KINGDOM, OLDMAPGALLERY.COM (MORE MAPS) Also, Pictures of War Front HISTORY GOVERNMENT RELIGION ... ANTIWAR.COM "Stubborn refusal of the Albanians to be a part of any common state with the Serbs is another claim often used to justify separation. But if one was to go on commitment to the cause alone, then many other peoples – Ulster Catholics, Basques, Bosnian Serbs, Karabagh Armenians or Kurds – would have a much better claim. No one is backing their independence just yet." UWSA.COM United We Stand America - The Grass Roots A Service provided by for members of UWSA and the citizens of America! UWSA.COM Through the continuing efforts of UWSA.COM. "Are you sure the rich man fights better?" Armenian President Robert Kocharian, commenting on the hypothesis that oil wealth will improve Azerbaijan's military potential ("The New York Times," 14 September 1998). Ancient Maps From University of Texas At Austin RFE/RFL - TRANSCAUCASUS AND CENTRAL ASIA AZERBAIJAN WARNS IT MAY SHOOT DOWN INTRUDING AIRCRAFT. General Ravil Rzaev, the commander of Azerbaijan's air force, told journalists in Baku on 13 August that the country's air defense forces will shoot down Iranian and other foreign aircraft that violate Azerbaijan's airspace "if the life of our citizens is endangered," Turan and Interfax reported. He said the air force is on war alert. Iranian aircraft have penetrated Azerbaijani airspace almost daily over the past week. Also on 13 August, opposition Musavat Party Chairman Isa Gambar argued that the Azerbaijani government should "either suppress Iran's aggression" or lodge a formal complaint with international organizations. LF

89. Armenia: Portraits Of Survival A photoessay by Jerry Berndt depicting suffering in the country after the 1988 earthquake and the economic crisis following the collapse of the USSR. Features an introduction by Professor Donald Miller of USC. http://www.usc.edu/users/mchugh/ARM/ARM_index.html

Armenia: Portraits of Survival Note: This exhibit is still in the process of being installed, and thus considered experimental. Photographs by: Jerry Berndt Introduction by: Donald E. Miller Yerevan is a modern city with many high rise apartments and office buildings. Without electricity, people are forced to carry their water up multiple flights. The elevators do not work, and public transportation grinds to a halt. We were told that the average weight loss last winter was tvventy to thirty pounds. This well-educated populace - one of the most prosperous republics of the former Soviet Union - is now issued ration coupons for bread. People have exhausted their savings, and on weekends citizens are selling the most common household items in huge outdoor flea markets. In interviews, several people saicl they knew of individuals who had sold the gold fillings from their teeth in order to feed their children. With great ambivalence, people have been cutting down trees in order to heat their homes and cook. They know that it is an ecological travesty, but survival demands compromises. Elderly people told us that they had literally hibernated during the vvinter, leaving their beds only for the hour or two when there was electricity. Without light and heat, children also spend much of their time in bed, dressed in all of their clothes. The images on the pages that follow document the struggle of the people of Armenia for survival. The quotations at the bottom of the pages are drawn from the more than 250 interviews done by our research team. These brief quotations tell their own story, and they are not necessarily keyed to the images on the page. Our photographer, Jerry Berndt, wandered on his own as the research team interviewed, and these photos reflect the eye of a non-Armenian as he shot more than 100 rolls of film.

90. Infoyouth-Armenia Includes a list of youth organizations, description of the youth policy of the state, projects, website hosting for young people of Armenian descent and a forum. http://www.InfoYouth.am/

Welcome to the official cite of the Armenian Information Technology Community Centre (AITCC) . The site was created thanks to the support of Information and Informatics Division of UNESCO and will provide possibly full coverage of events in young people's life, as well as tell about trends, ideas and activities. AITCC is a department of Armenian Federation of UNESCO Clubs and Associations (AFUCA) , responsible for INFOYOUTH ARMENIA database creation and its integration into INFOYOUTH global network . The site is planned to develop as force multiplier for efforts of creative young people, rather than simple handbook. Join us! Contact us: info@infoyouth.am

91. National Assembly Of RA Includes information about the institution itself, its members and international relations. http://www.parliament.am/

Click here for checking your e-mail in Parliament.am Click here for checking your e-mail in Parliament.am

92. Untitled Document Offers reports on energy sources, distribution networks and power plants of the republic. http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/cabs/armenia.html

EIA's Armenia Country Analysis Brief has been folded into our Caucasus Region Country Analysis Brief. Please see the following URL: http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/cabs/caucasus.html

93. Armenian History ARMENIAN CONTINUING history. (All the facts narrated in our issue of Armenianancient history, are related by the contemporary historians of those facts. http://www.armenian.com/history19.html

ARMENIAN CONTINUING HISTORY THE FIRST SELJOUKID INVASION IN ARMENIA, THE REGION OF VASBOURAGAN: NEAR VAN LAKE (1047 A.D.) (All the facts narrated in our issue of Armenian ancient history, are related by the contemporary historians of those facts. Exposing some details of the events, we avoided any personal comment and often we tried to modify as much as possible the outrageous vocabulary in use near the defeated people qualifying their oppressors (or vice versa) tousand years ago, politically, socially and even in matter of religion). After the domination of all India and Persia, in 1047 A.D., the Seljoukids made their entrance by little hordes on the Armenian lands at the south of Van Lake, in Vasbouragan region, and subdued immense lands and territories under their authority. They continued the domination taking the direction of nearby city of Passen, in the valley of Arazani. It was uneasy for the Greek soldiers in the neighborhood to stop all these invaders who immediately tried to reach Trebizonde, a city on the shores of the Black Sea, north of Asia Minor. But they were defeated by the intense resistance of the inhabitants all around, and were obliged to withdraw and go to Tavrej, their stronghold in Persia.

94. OMS: Armenia Estad­sticas sobre la salud en el pa­s. Indicadores b¡sicos, leyes, recursos, emergencias e incidencias de enfermedades. http://www.who.int/country/arm/es

English Acceso Pa­ses Temas de salud ... Sitios OMS Posici³n: OMS Pa­ses Armenia Armenia En el siguiente mapa se ofrece una versi³n aproximada de las fronteras nacionales.Para obtener una versi³n en PDF m¡s detallada, pulse sobre la imagen. PUNTOS DE CONTACTO The WHO Liaison Officer WHO Liaison Office Business Centre, American University of Armenia 9 Alek Manukyan St. Yerevan postmaster@euro.who.int http://www.euro.who.int CONTEXTO Indicadores b¡sicos Brotes epid©micos - en ingl©s GASTO EN SALUD Indicadores clave del gasto en salud PROVISION/COBERTURA Obertura de inmunizaci³n - en ingl©s Partos asistidos - en ingl©s ORGANIZACIONI Y REGLAMENTACION DE LOS SISTEMAS DE SALUD Legislaci³n sanitaria - en ingl©s SALUD: INDICADORES SINTETICOS Esperanza de vida sana (HALE) Tablas de mortalidad MEDIDAS ESPECIFICAS DE CONDICIONES DE LA SALUD Incidencia/prevalencia de la poliomielitis - en ingl©s Incidencia/prevalencia de la tuberculosis - en ingl©s Salud bucodental - en ingl©s RECURSOS HUMANOS M©dicos, enfermeras y otros profesionales de la salud - en ingl©s Ep­grafes: Poblaci³n total: PIB per c¡pita (Intl $, 2001):

95. ARMENIA Information Offers addresses a traveler may need in the country businesses, restaurants, travel agencies, tour operators, real estate agencies, places to visit listed with explanations and web site url address if applicable. http://www.armeniainfo.am/

about us e-mail site map vqmcodebase='/menu/'; vqmimagebase='/menu/'; vqmurlbase=''; NIGHT DAY SUNNY USD GBP EUR RUR VAYOTS DZOR GUIDEBOOK PRESENTATION ATDA/Armenia to Exhibit at ITB New, State-of-the-Art Website SUBSCRIBE TO NEWSLETTER events archive >> Choose your tour agency, matching by price, service even by name! LIST OF AGENCIES Make your choice 4+1 Airline Ticket Agency AdvenTour Travel Club Aeroex Aviation Agency Aerostar Aerotur Aerotur (Russian Branch) AJAX Alo Amerikov Amistad Tour Travel Company Ani Tour Aquarius Travel Arcada Tour Areni Argotour Aries Armane Armen Tour Travel Armenia Travel +M Armenian Alpin Federation Arminius Armintour Arya Tour Assa Advertising Agency Astghadzor Astron Travel Asya - Ararat Travel Avarayr Tour Company Avia-Service Aviatrans Belavia Service Caravan Tours Cariatida Christophorus Tour Da Tours Dali Voyage Delta Armenia Edalex Travel Agency Elitar Travel Company Eurostan-Uyut Express Line Family Tourism Mouraz First Travel and Service Five Stars Travel Fun Tour Globe Travel Globo-Tour GUSHAR Ltd. Travel Agency Hyur Service Irina Travel Agency Jantour Jason Travel Kronos JSC Levon Travel Mark Travel Menua Tours Nueva Vista Travel Agency Orient Explorer Parev Erkir Parsek Travel Agency Prana Tour Princess Maneh Saberatours-Sevan Sepukh Shirak Hotel Tour Siavash Sidon Travel SIMA - Tours Spitak Resque Team Sputnik Sunny Day Tatev T.T.T.

96. HyeEtch - Armenian History, Culture, Art, Religion & Genocide Their history, Art, Cultural, Religion, Country and Genocide (With quality photos).A special Art Gallery displaying limited edition Armenian artworks for sale http://www.hyeetch.nareg.com.au/

Stop Music Please Bookmark this page now! (Winner of two GOLD web design awards) Web Site Design by SSS Graphics

97. Red Book Of Armenia Animals Offers landscape photographs. http://iatp.r.am/grants/red_book/

98. :: Miss Armenia 2003 :: Official site. Features a gallery of pictures. http://www.ardani.net/miss-armenia/

window.open('http://ptbanner.gmx.de/werbungpt1.php3?domain=ardani.net','ptM5xFa2S5Y56','width=488,height=50'); deSigned by Ardani.Net

99. Armenia Weather - WeatherHub Offers an index of weather links for cities, country information and map. http://www.weatherhub.com/global/am.htm

Home Asia Tell A Friend Country Information ... Map Click On A City Name To Get Weather Information For That City: Abovyan - WC Gyumri - WC Yerevan - NWS Yerevan - WC Yerevan - WU Home North America Caribbean Central America ... Map

100. History Mediterranean Seas. Throughout most of its long history, however, Armeniahas been invaded by a succession of empires. Under constant http://www.armeniaemb.org/DiscoverArmenia/History/History.htm

Home Diplomatic Mission Armenia US Relations Kids ... Consular Affairs History Discover Armenia One of the world's oldest civilization, Armenia once included Mount Ararat, which biblical tradition identifies as the mountain that Noah's ark rested on after the flood. It was the first country in the world to officially embrace Christianity as its religion (c. 300). In the 6th century b.c.e., Armenians settled in the kingdom of Urarty (the Assyrian name for Ararat), which was in decline. Under Tigrane the Great (fl. 95-55 c.c.e.) the Armenian empire reached its height and became one of the most powerful in Asia, stretching from the Caspian to the Mediterranean Seas. Throughout most of its long history, however, Armenia has been invaded by a succession of empires. Under constant threat of domination by foreign forces, Armenians became both cosmopolitan as well as fierce protectors of their culture and tradition. After the Turkey defeat in World War I, the independent Republic of Armenia was established on May 28, 1918, but survived only until Nov. 29, 1920, when it was annexed by the Soviet Army. On March 12, 1922, the Soviets joined Georgia, Armenia, and Azerbaijan to form the Transcaucasian Soviet Socialist Republic, which became part of the USSR. In 1936, after reorganization, Armenia became a separate constituent republic of the USSR. Since 1988, Armenia has been involved in a territorial dispute with Azerbaijan over the enclave of Nagorno - Karabagh, to which both lay claim. Also in 1988, a devastating earthquake killed thousands and wreaked, economic havoc.

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