61. New Independent States - Armenia (history) Area Studies / New Independent States. armenia / history. http://wrc.lingnet.org/armenhis.htm

Area Studies / New Independent States Armenia / History The Ancient Period Early Christianity The Middle Ages Between Russia and Turkey ... Resources The Ancient Period Basic Facts Political History Religious History Early Settlements. "People first settled what is now Armenia in about 6000 B.C. The first major state in the region was the kingdom of Urartu (uh-RAHR-too), which appeared around Lake Van in the thirteenth century B.C. and reached its peak in the ninth century B.C. Shortly after the fall of Urartu to the Assyrians, the Indo-European-speaking proto-Armenians migrated, probably from the west, onto the Armenian Plateau and mingled with the local people of the Hurrian civilization, which at that time extended into Anatolia (ah-nah-TOH-lee-ah) from its center in Mesopotamia. Greek historians first mentioned the Armenians in the mid-sixth century B.C. Ruled for many centuries by the Persians, Armenia became a buffer state between the Greeks and Romans to the west and the Persians and Arabs of the Middle East. It reached its greatest size and influence under King Tigran II , also known as Tigranes (ti-GRAY-neez) or Tigran the Great (r. 95-55 B.C.). During his reign, Armenia stretched from the Mediterranean Sea northeast to the Mtkvari River (called the Kura [kuh-RAH] in Azerbaijan) in present-day Georgia. Tigran and his son

62. About Armenia - Armenia Factbook - Armenian People Economy Geography History Pop armenia country study, armenian population, armenia population, armenian language,armenia politics, armenian politics, armenian history, history of armenia. http://www.parev.net/armenian-about.htm

parev.net My Parev Armenia Online Site Map ... Help ARMENIA ONLINE About Armenia Armenian Bookstore Armenian Church Armenian Community ... Republic of Armenia BEST OF THE WEB Automobiles Business Finance Internet ... Travel COMPARE AND SAVE ABOUT ARMENIA What time is it in Armenia? Current local time in Yerevan. Sunrise and sunset times. UCT/GMT offset. Armenia Country Study A country study by the Library of Congress. Research covers the country profile, historical background, physical environment, population and ethnic composition, language, culture, religion, education, health, social welfare, economy, government and politics, foreign relations, and national security. Armenian History From the Ancient Armenia (3500 BC - 520 BC) to the restauration of independent Armenia (September 21, 1991). Chronology of Armenian History Chronology of Armenian history and important events by Aram Orjanian. Colors of Armenia A collection of pictures of Armenia, one more beautiful than the other. SEE ALSO Add to favorites Armenian Bookstore Armenian gift shop with custom jewelry, books, apparel, art gallery, videos, and music. Helps you save time and money every time you shop something Armenian.

63. Armenia - History And Photo Catalog Of World Paper Money history and Photo Catalog of World Paper Money. armenia. A brief monetaryhistory Ruble = 100 kopeks, 191722; Dram = 100 Luna, from 1993. http://www.atsnotes.com/catalog/armenia/armenia.html

home glossary, grading etc. ordering History and Photo Catalog of World Paper Money ARMENIA A brief monetary history: Ruble = 100 kopeks, 1917-22 Dram = 100 Luna, from 1993 For Russian occupation issues see: Russia Imperial Russia, 1826-1918 Transcaucasia, 1922-1924 Soviet Union, 1924-1990 Pick # Date Republic (after collapse of Czarist Russia) 5, 10, 25, 50, 100, 250, 500, 1.000 rubles 50, 100, 250, 500, 1.000 rubles 5, 10, 25, 50, 100 rubles 25, 50, 100, 250, 500, 1.000, 5.000, 10.000 rubles 50, 100, 250 rubles Republic (after collapse of Soviet Union) 10, 25, 50, 100, 200, 500, 1.000, 5.000 drams 50 - 20.000 drams Remarks: all images reduced 50% Banknotes are attributed to last Pick's catalogue: Standard Catalog of World Paper Money, volume 2: General Issues 1368-1960 Standard Catalog of World Paper Money, volume 3: Modern Issues 1961- Standard Catalog of World Paper Money, volume 1: Specialized Issues To purchase banknotes, please check our price lists: World banknotes (part 1): countries A-F World banknotes (part 2): countries G-M World banknotes (part 3): countries N-Z We are always looking to buy collections or better individual banknotes. home glossary, grading etc.

64. :: Miss Armenia - History :: Lusine Tovmasyan Miss armenia 2003 17 yo - Yerevan. Lusine personality.Her favorite writer is the armenian poet Vahan Teryan. http://www.ardani.net/miss-armenia/history/history.html

Lusine Tovmasyan - Miss Armenia 2003 17 y.o. - Yerevan Lusine Tovmasian is a student at Yerevan Interlingua University. People who know her say she is a kind and modest personality. Her favorite writer is the Armenian poet Vahan Teryan. Lusine is fond of traveling, meeting new people and learning new cultures. Her motto is "forgive so as to be forgiven." The second prize went to 18-year-old Anush Grigorian from Goris The third prize to 19-year-old Lusine Sahakian from Vanadzor. Miss 2003 Miss 2001 Miss 2000 Miss 1998 ... Miss 1996

65. :: Miss Armenia - History :: It should be noted that for the first time Miss armenia will take partin Miss World 2003 and Miss Universe 2003. The contest cost $15,000. http://www.ardani.net/miss-armenia/history/2003.html

Lusine Tovmasyan - 17 y.o. - Yerevan Lusine Tovmasian is a student at Yerevan Interlingua University. People who know her say she is a kind and modest personality. Her favorite writer is the Armenian poet Vahan Teryan. Lusine is fond of traveling, meeting new people and learning new cultures. Her motto is "forgive so as to be forgiven." The audience was unanimous that this year's contest was organized much better than the previous ones. As for the jury, they observed that the participants showed poor intellectual faculties and most of them looked a bit awkward in swimsuits. It should be noted that for the first time Miss Armenia will take part in Miss World 2003 and Miss Universe 2003. The contest cost $15,000. 15 girls took part in it aged 17-24 from Armenia and Karabakh. It should be noted that Lusine Tovmassyan is sister of Irina Tovmassyan, Miss Armenia 2001. Miss 2003 Miss 2001 Miss 2000 Miss 1998 Miss 1997 ... Miss 1996

66. Armenian History - 2002 Atom Egoyan's Film Ararat shows us that history is something that affects individual human beings and theirfamilies. In the case of many, or I should say, all Armenians, for generation http://www.bravenewworld.demon.co.uk/armenia/history/2002ararat.htm

2002: Release of Atom Egoyan's film Ararat Atom Egoyan is a Canadian of Armenian extraction. He has a directed a series of challenging and admired films; some have already related to his heritage, notably Calendar . However this film is his first to deal with the Armenian Genocide of 1915. It may be the first film from a major Hollywood studio to do so. Its production was attended with unsurprising controversy - there were various attempts to undermine or stop it, mainly from Turkish diplomatic sources. Ironically, it might have received less attention if they had made no fuss at all. The film is set in the present day, and tells a number of interweaving stories around the production of a film about the 1915 Genocide. It centres on the story of the artist Arshile Gorky , who as a young boy was caught up in the siege of Van . But the principal characters are Ani, the author of a book on Gorky, and her son Raffi, who is given a job on the production as an assistant. The narrative jumps backwards and forwards in time, and only falls into place at the end. We also see a Canadian customs officer; with his family, and interviewing Raffi, on his return from Armenia with some cans of film. He is near his retirement, and obviously believes the cans of film contain drugs. These scenes at first seem to have the function of making Raffi explain some of the background of the story, to an outsider. But as the film progresses we realise they are intimately bound up with the film's main theme of denial and dealing with truth.

67. Armenia And Its History armenia and its history. The battle features on the timeline. Thisis part of a long term project to learn about armenian history. http://www.bravenewworld.demon.co.uk/armenia/

Armenia and its History More than most nations, 'Armenia' is much more than the geographical Republic. Its location has moved around a wide area of the Middle East, as it has been pushed and invaded from all directions. There is a huge diaspora, dating from the Middle Ages, but mainly resulting from the ravages of genocide in the 1890's and 1915. That's what I derive my connection from. Much of the site consists of pictures I took during a journey I made to the Republic in the Summer of . Things were in flux. The Russian presence was still strong, the rouble was in use but sinking, there was conflict in Karabagh and Global Culture hadn't yet arrived. Recent: Only of any relevance to you if you live in the UK: I've included it because I was so astonished that anything to do with ancient Armenian history was going to appear on British television. At 8pm on Thursday 2nd October on BBC2 , the series Time Commanders featured the Battle of Tigranakert in 69BC. Or Tigranocerta as they call it. It did occur during the reign of one of Armenia's greatest kings

68. Index Of /interactive/world/9910/armenia.history/ DIR Parent Directory IMG blank.gif 27Oct......Index of /interactive/world/9910/armenia.history/. Name Last modifiedSize http://www.cnn.com/interactive/world/9910/armenia.history/

69. Index Of /interactive/world/9910/armenia.history/content/ DIR Parent Directory IMG dot.gif......Index of /interactive/world/9910/armenia.history/content/. Name Lastmodified Size http://www.cnn.com/interactive/world/9910/armenia.history/content/

70. Culture: History, Language & Literature, Music, Sports armenians By Alexie Taslakian; Articles on the history of armenia; historyWorkshop from Robert Bedrosian s homepage; Perspectives 451 AD http://www2.primushost.com/~narbey/armen/Culture.html

Culture: Arts and Architecture From the web pages of the Armenian Embassy Architecture Contains links to pages on various Armenian architectural and historical sites. Armenian Artists of 19th-20th Centuries The Art of Armenia Varteni General Kessab, kessab, Armenian, Kesabtzis Online "Search for Kessabtzis, and Kesabtzi / Armenian related organizations and churches..." Armenians of Cyprus A well done home page dedicated to the Armenians of Cyprus Armenian Diasporan Archives Quarterly on-line journal. Notes from Armenia by Rick L. Ney (hosted at www.arminco.com US mirror at http://www.arminco-usa.com/homepages/Rick/index.html Armenian Wedding Planning Holidays - Armenia Culture and Arts From the web pages of the Armenian Embassy Armenians of Texas Parev y'all. Lot's of good info on various Armenian communities in Texas. Armenians of Atlanta Armenian Cultural Society Cracow, Poland A L E X A N D R I A - G Y U M R I SISTER CITY COMMITTEE Alexandria, Virginia Gyumri, Armenia The Genocide The Armenian Genocide Detailed overview of 1915 by Raffi Kojian. Remembering and Understanding the Armenian Genocide From the pages of The American University of Armenia.

71. Armenian Highland - Armenian Enlightenment Chronicle His Holiness Garegin I. Capital of armenia. • Places of Yerevan. Holy Etchmiadzin.City of 1001 Churches. Capital of Ararat. history of Artsakh. Culture of Ararat. http://www.armenianhighland.com/main.html

Armenian Highland Introduction Classification Preface ... His Holiness Garegin I Capital of Armenia Holy Etchmiadzin City of 1001 Churches Capital of Ararat ... Nazaryan, Sarkis Web Page/Graphics by Sarvue Illustrations

72. The Early History Of Indo-European Languages From armenia s history State Museum found throughout the territory of armenia. Fromarmenia s history State Museum found throughout the territory of armenia. http://www.armenianhighland.com/homeland/chronicle120.html

by Thomas V. Gamkrelidze and V. V. Ivanov Scientific American, March 1990, P.110 The Authors The Indo-European Superfamily of Languages Grimm's Law of Lautverschiebung ("Sound Shift") The Place of Armenia and the Armenian Language ... Further Reading by Thomas V. Gamkrelidze and V. V. Ivanov THOMAS V. Gamkrelidze and V. V. IVANOV are the authors of The IndoEuropean Language and the Indo-Europeans, a two-volume work published in Russian in 1984; an English version is published by Mouton de Gruyter. Gamkrelidze directs the Tsereteli Institute of Oriental Studies in Tbilisi and is a professor of linguistics at Tbilisi State University. Ivanov is professor of linguistics and chair of the department of Slavic languages at the Institute for Slavic and Balkan Studies in Moscow. The authors wish to thank Gerard Piel, chairman emeritus of Scientific Arnerican, for helping to prepare this article for publication. FAMILY TREE of the Indo-European languages The common ancestor of these languages has been traced to Asia rather than to Europe, the authors say. The once-clear distinction between the family's Eastern and Western branches is now blurred M igrations and Cultural Diffusion carried the Indo-European protolanguage from the homeland, which the authors place in the Transcaucasus (see Historical Armenia maps), and fragmented it into dialects. Some spread west to Anatolia and Greece, others southwest to Iran and India. Most Western languages stem from an Eastern branch that rounded the Caspian Sea. Contact with Semitic languages in Mesopotamia and with Kartvelian languages in the Caucasus led to the adoption of many foreign words.

73. Unescochair of armenia is responsible for newly organised Art history Department, and intendsto advance high education in the field of art history in armenia and through http://www.itgateway.com/unesco/default.html

ARMENIAN ART HISTORY at the Yerevan State University, Yerevan, Armenia CONTENT Background Staff of UNESCO chair The main goal of UNESCO chair Functions ... BACKGROUND Established in April, 1996 UNESCO Chair of Armenian Art History (UNESCO CAAH) at Yerevan State University (YSU) in Yerevan, Republic of Armenia is responsible for newly organised Art History Department, and intends to advance high education in the field of art history in Armenia and through distance education worldwide. UNESCO CAAH is a research and educational center. It's academic projects correspond to main projects of UNESCO such as Silk Road Project and Culture and Art of the Mediterranean area . The academic staff of UNESCO CAAH will focus its attention on exploration of the interrelations of Armenian Art with the arts of neighboring countries and peoples. CAAH is supported by UNESCO and YSU and also by the Armenian Community in USA. Recently UNESCO CAAH received from V. Der Manuelian (from Boston) the donation for establishment of Arshag Fetvajian Art Library. UNESCO CAAH had been supported also by GETTY ART HISTORY INFORMATION PROGRAM which donated art software and literature. The fragmented educational system of YSU is in the process of fundamental change, and although this process has received rare governmental support, the major initiatives and solutions must be advanced through private endeavors and resources if substantial progress is to take place.

74. Armenia @ National Geographic Magazine armenian Church. armenian history www.un.int/armenia/arm/en_history.htmlDiscover more about armenia s history. Top. Abrahamian, Levon. http://magma.nationalgeographic.com/ngm/0403/feature2/

Armenia Step into the world of writers and photographers as they tell you about the best, worst, and quirkiest places and adventures they encountered in the field Get the facts behind the frame in this online-only gallery. Pick an image and see the photographer's technical notes. Photo captions by Peter Gwin Armenia: An Empire's Shrunken Shadow document.write( '' ); By Frank Viviano Photographs by Alexandra Avakian For 3,000 years Armenians survived conquerors, calamities, and diaspora. Defiance and a long memory continue to sustain them as they rebuild their Caucasus homeland. Get a taste of what awaits you in print from this compelling excerpt. "You are looking at the great Armenian paradox," Jivan Tabibian said. We stood at the second-floor window of the Foreign Ministry building in Yerevan, watching clouds scuttle across Mount Ararat's ice-capped 16,854-foot (5,137-meter) crown. Tabibian, a diplomat whose portfolio includes ambassadorships to four countries and two international organizations, was discussing a policy initiative when he abruptly fell silent, gazing at Ararat. It's impossible not to be distracted by Ararat in Yerevan. Despite its enormous mass, the great peak seems to float weightlessly over the city, engaged in permanent dialogue with Little Ararat, its 12,782-foot (3,896-meter) neighbor. The vast snowy brow of Ararat glowers, pronounces, with hallucinatory power. Its name is derived from that of a Bronze Age god, Ara, whose talismanic cult of death and rebirth mirrored the seasonal transitions of Ararat from lifeless winter to fertile spring. Little Ararat, by contrast, is an exercise in calm, rational idealism, a volcanic cone so perfectly shaped that it suggests not so much what a mountain is as what a mountain ought to be.

75. Welcome To The Faculty Of Oriental Studies At Oxford University publication 2003; Preparing chapter on Byzantium and armenia 600–1071for publication in multiauthored Cambridge history; Re-examination http://www.orinst.ox.ac.uk/staff/greenwood.shtml

South Asia East Asia Chinese Japanese ... East Asia Oriental Institute Staff and Faculty Members Dr Timothy W. Greenwood Position Research Fellow in Near Eastern Studies Faculty/College Address The Oriental Institute Email timothy.greenwood@orinst.ox.ac.uk Research Interests Current Projects Re-examination of content, historical value and date of the History of Lewond Preparing short article on the relationship between the patriarch Photios and the Armenian Church Courses Taught Further Subject (2) for Honours School of Modern History: The Near East in the Age of Justinian and Muhammad Recent Publications "The Armenian Sources 1025-1204" in Proceedings of a Colloquium at the British Academy 13-14 December 2002. Byzantium and the Crusades: Towards an integrated prospography, ed. J. Herrin and M. Jeffreys (Forthcoming). Other Information For connection to English translations of medieval Armenian colophons and inscriptions To view the * files you will need to have Adobe Acrobat installed.

76. Armenia Diaspora - Projects history of the Program In recent years, the department of armenian Studies Ever closerrelationships with the Republic of armenia and its academic institutions http://www.armeniadiaspora.com/students/armstudies.html

Students - Armenian Studies Armenian Studies at California State University - Fresno Armenian Studies Program at Hebrew University Armenian Studies Program at UCLA Armenian Studies Program at California State University - Fresno The Armenian Studies Program was established in 1977 and the Center for Armenian Studies was founded in 1991. The Center provides an opportunity for students and faculty to interact. It currently houses the Armenian Studies Program, the Sahatdjian Armenian Studies Library, the Avedian Armenian Studies Archives, the newspaper Hye Sharzhoom, the Armenian Students Organization, and the Index of Armenian Art. The Haig and Isabel Berberian Endowed Chair in Armenian Studies, established in the fall of 1988, is one of several Armenian Chairs in the United States and provides financial support for a distinguished Armenologist. The endowment honors Haig and Isabel Berberian and was established by their son-in-law and daughter, Dr. and Mrs. Arnold H. and Dianne Gazarian. Other friends of the Armenian Studies Program have made significant contributions to the endowment. Program Links: Program Courses Upcoming Events Faculty Financial Support CSU Fresno - Armenian Studies Program Scholarship information Contact Information:

77. ARMENIA: A Journey Through History Please click on the cover to continue. http://www.electpress.com/books/armenia.htm

Please click on the cover to continue.

78. - Levon Travel - Armenia, Georgia, Moldova, Czech, Tours, Air Tickets pilgrimage, historic , history, landmarks, sightseeing, sights, armenian, drinks,arak, cogniac, brandy,armenia, armenia, armenian, armenian, armenian, tour http://www.levontravel.com/

Levon Travel American Express Travel (@) Levon Travel .com - GRAND OPENING JUNE 2004 NEW TBLISI OFFICE SEPTEMBER TOUR 2004 ... - SEPTEMBER TOUR ARMENIA 2004 New Tours ! ! ! , New Cruises ! ! ! , Armenia 2004 Lebanon Egypt , Reserve your spot now ! ! ! . . , ., . . . . , . . . Mexico is Hotter than ever, Contact us for great all inclusive vacations Czech Republic Specials lt aba Special Air Ticket Deal Czech Republic England France Spain ... !!! SPECIALS !!! Destination Highlight - Eastern Europe Armenia Moldova Georgia Czech Rep. Lebanon Armenia Group Tours SEPTEMBER TOUR 2004 Credit Card Fax Form Log in View your Itinerary ... Search Levon Travel Armenia Georgia Moldova Czech Republic ... Insurance Middle East Lebanon Syria Africa Egypt Europe Armenia Georgia France Italy ... Germany Islands ISLANDS Caribbean Aruba Bahamas ... St. Maarten/St. Martin

79. Tourism In Armenia - Tourist Guide: Tourism Armenia A country guide providing information on history, entertainment, holidays, festivals, and special events. http://www.tourismarmenia.net/

Tourist Guide to Armenia Tourism Armenia Geography Religion History ... Hotels Tourism Armenia - acknowledged as one of the cradles of civilization - is a beautiful country with a sophisticated people and a long and cultured history. As a result, Armenia is an intriguing tourist destination. Numerous monuments and masterpieces of the Ancient era and Middle Ages can be found throughout the country. The monasteries of Haghpat and Sanahin enjoy have been given the status of world heritage sites. Tourism in Armenia is rooted in the country's historical landmarks and natural attractions such as the water resorts of Lake Sevan,the hot springs of Arzni and Jermuk, the forests of Dilijan, Aghveran, Tsaghkadzor, Bjurakan and Gugark, and the mountainous natural caves and cliffs of the Southeast region. The 5165 meter Mount Ararat, geographically located in Turkey, is a national symbol of Armenia and is visible from much of the Southwest region. In 1997 Armenia became a member of the World Tourism Organization. The capital city Yerevan, which is nestled in the shadow of the snow-capped heights of the majestic mount Ararat, where the Biblical Noah's Ark first landed escaping the Great Flood, is the main tourist gateway. As you explore the many interesting sights in Yerevan, you will learn about the culture and history of one of the world's oldest nations. You can gain further insights into Armenian cultural achievements at museums, theaters and concert halls. Theater in Armenia has a tradition dating back more than 2,000 years. You can attend a wide choice of performances ranging from concerts to puppet theater and jazz music.

80. History Armenia.html armenian history. history OF armenia (Scholars Press Occasional Papers and ProceedingsSeries), translated by Krikor Maksoudian. $50.00 Cloth $40.00 Paper. http://www.iconbook.org/History Armenia.html

Armenian History HOME BOOK SUBJECT INDEX CATALOG SELECTIONS TO HISTORY INDEX We are not respnsible for availability or price changes from suppliers. Due to the large number of titles that are available, all titles cannot be in stock at any given time. Please call for availability before ordering. THE ARMENIANS (The Peoples of Europe), Elizabeth Redgate This is a 3,000 year history of one of Europe's most fascinating and important peoples. Situated on the southeast coast of the Black Sea, Armenia has been a pivotal point between the forces of the east and of the west over most of its long history. That history has thus been very largely one of conquest by rival empires. Armenia has been conquered, invaded, and subjugated successively by the Persians, Seleucians and the Greeks, the Romans, Parthians, Byzantium and the Arabs, the Ottoman Empire, and most recently the Soviet Empire. Perhaps not surprisingly emigration from their troubled homeland has been a popular option among Armenians for as least the last 1,500 years. Armenian culture, as the author shows, has survived in enclaves thoughout Europe, the Middle East and the United States. The book closes with a consideration of Armenia's first experience of independence after a gap of 1,000 years. Elizabeth Redgate's vivid, analytical narrative is illsutrated with numerous photographs and maps. 320pp $60.00 Hardcover $30.00 Paper (B.Blackwell Publishers Ltd.)

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