21. Antarctic Treaty Documents - Exploration Benjamin Morrell, A Narrative of Four Voyages 182231, 1832 Systematic scientific exploration of antarctica only began around the turn of this century. http://www.polarlaw.org/Exploration.htm

Home Nature Exploration History Framework Treaty Links Captain James Cook History of Antarctic Exploration By Jack A. Bobo Terra Australis Incognita The intention of the Voyage has in every respect been fully Answered, the Southern Hemisphere sufficiently explored and a final end put to the searching after a Southern Continent, which has at times ingrossed the attention of some of the Maritime Powers for near two Centuries past and the Geographers of all ages. That there may be a Continent or large tract of land near the Poles, I will not deny, on the contrary I am of the opinion there is... Journals of Captain James Cook, 21 February 1775 The early history of Antarctica is filled with controversy and competition. Indeed, the controversy began early with the question of the continent's discovery. In 1820 the American captain, Nathaniel Palmer, claimed to have sighted the Antarctic continent. The Soviet Union disputed the primacy of this claim, asserting that the Russian, Thaddeus von Bellinghausen, deserved that distinction. Neither actually stepped foot on the continent. And then there is Mr. Edward Bransfield of the Royal Navy who has an equally colorable claim to the title... Alan Gurney summarizes the controversy in his book "Below the Convergence Voyages Toward Antarctica1699-1839": "The Palmer adherents claim the honor for him. And are then gently reminded that Bransfield in the Williams sighted the Antarctic Peninsula ten months before their claims for the young sealer... The Russians counter with a checkmate move and claim the game won with Bellinghausen's sighting of the Finibul Ice Shelf a few days before Branfield's sighting of Trinity Land."

22. Books On Antarctica - History And Ecology In the chapters on polar exploration, antarctica profiles Captain Cook, Roald Amundsen, Shackleton, Scott, and others. Readers will http://www.dropbears.com/b/broughsbooks/history/antarctica.htm

more search options Antarctica Books on Exploration of the South Pole Home History > Antarctica Related Books Arctic Exploration The Age of Sail Australia Alaskan History ... History A-Z Departments Posters History Calendars History Magazines History Software ... Documentaries Resources History Books UK Powells: History Best Sellers Magazines History Magazines Posters Art Prints - Antarctica Antarctic Birds : Ecological and Behavioral Approaches (Exploration of Palmer Archipelago) David Freeland Parmelee, Harold F. Mayfield Hardcover / Published 1992 Antarctica: The Blue Continent by David McGonigal, Lynn Woodworth Book Description: Illustrated guide to Antarctica's environment, geography, wildlife, and history. Antarctica: The Blue Continent is a superbly illustrated and easy-to-understand book that reveals this polar region's ruthless majesty and natural beauty. The environment is Earth's harshest, coldest, most inhospitable climate. A staggering 98% of the continent is covered with ice averaging 1.4 miles in depth; 90% of the world's ice is found in there. In spite of the cold and ice, Antarctica's shores and waters are home to an amazing variety of vegetation and indigenous wildlife-seals, sea lions, whales, penguins and sea birds-that have evolved in extraordinary ways to adapt to their unforgiving habitat. The book features natural phenomena such as a glacier made of jagged, Jurassic-era rock instead of ice, and entire mountain ranges filled to their peaks with snow. In the chapters on polar exploration, Antarctica profiles Captain Cook, Roald Amundsen, Shackleton, Scott, and others. Readers will experience why this continent has inspired so much effort and heroism in the quest to discover its secrets.

23. History Of Antarctica - Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia Byrd is attributed with doing more for Antarctic exploration than any other explorer. His expeditions set the scene for modern Antarctic http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Antarctica

24. ANTARCTICA - Exploration To Restoration The Porpoise had an encounter on 30 January, 1840 with another ship in Antarctic waters. This was the Astrolabe, captained by the French explorer Dumont d http://www.cleanupantarctica.com/ex_pages/who_wilk.html

Charles Wilkes Country of origin: United States of America Born: Died: Ship: Vincennes Second ship: Peacock; Porpoise; Relief; Flying Fish; Sea Gull Interesting facts Wilkes set out for the Pacific and Antarctica with six ships on 18 August 1838 on the United States Exploring Expedition (USEE). Wilkes was not popular with his crew. He was considered too strict and the crew felt he drove them too hard. He decided to split his six ships once they had all reached Tierra del Fuego on the South American coast. Not long afterward, the

25. ANTARCTICA - Exploration To Restoration Exploring Early exploration wasn t in antarctica involved limited interaction with the continent and its surrounding oceans. It http://www.cleanupantarctica.com/ex_pages/ex_early.html

Whaling and sealing In the 19th century one of the world's most important and richest industries was whaling. Whaling provided people all over the world with products that were in use every day at that time. Whale blubber was made into oil, which was used in lamps before people had access to gas light or electricity. Whale bone: was used to make corsets and hoops for the dresses which were worn by western women.

26. PRISM - Antarctic Exploration In 1800s These scrapbooks cover the exploits of many different polar explorers, though this section of the PRISM project looks only at reports related to antarctica. http://ku-prism.org/polarscientist/1800sAntarctic/1800index.html

Polar Radar for Ice Sheet Measurements Home Polar Science Present Design K-12 Polar Lessons Concern Use K-12 Polar Resources PRISM Publications PRISM Team Only Antarctic Exploration in 1800s Antarctic Exploration in the Late 1800s This website was developed from newspaper articles related to polar exploration which were collected by L. L. Dyche, a professor at the University of Kansas. They were found in Dyche's scrapbooks which are available at Spencer Research Library at the University of Kansas. These scrapbooks cover the exploits of many different polar explorers, though this section of the PRISM project looks only at reports related to Antarctica. If you would like to help us complete transcriptions on other polar explorers of the 1800s, please let us know. The following articles tell the story of Antarctic explorers who began their explorations in the late 1800s. The information presented is for historical purposes and does not necessarily represent current views of PRISM or its sponsors. Articles from 1896 Value of Exploration NY Tribune , February 23 The South Pole Brooklyn Standard Union , March 3 To the South Pole Pittsburgh Dispatch , April 5 For the South Pole NY Commercial Advertiser , July 17 Antarctic Exploration NY Tribune , July 18 Articles from 1897 Into the Land of Mystery Boston Transcript

27. Antarctic Exploration -Baltimore Sun - Feb. 9, 1898 that an anticyclone or area of high pressure exists permanently over antarctica. At present exploration should be comparatively easy with steamers that can http://ku-prism.org/polarscientist/1800sAntarctic/Feb091898Baltimore.html

Polar Radar for Ice Sheet Measurements Baltimore Sun Home Polar Science Present Design K-12 Polar Lessons Concern Use K-12 Polar Resources PRISM Publications PRISM Team Only PRISM Feedback Form ANTARCTIC EXPLORATION AND ITS IMPORTANCE. In the Forum for February the importance of antarctic ( sic Reproduced with permission: L.L. Dyche, Explorations (Newspaper Clippings Related to Polar Exploration) Original Source: Transcriber: Would you like to do a transcription for us? If so contact us at admin@ku-prism.org. National Science Foundation University of Kansas NASA Information and Telecommunication Technology Center (ITTC) Kansas Technology Enterprise Corporation University of Kansas

28. Stages Of Antarctic Exploration successful use of aircraft, heavier than air, in antarctica was made in this period, a development which greatly facilitated inland exploration and mapping. http://www.70south.com/resources/history/historicstages

Stages of Antarctic Exploration Search Home News Messages ... Further Reading Advert Stages of Antarctic Exploration Contributed by Robert Headland ( Scott Polar Research Institute Several stages inthe progressive process of the exploration of, and other human activities in, far southern regions have been proposed from a variety of opinions. For many purposes these form a useful classification, although overlap occurs between most such divisions. Below are concise notes on some of the stages of exploration which may usefully be distinguished for Antarctic regions. The names applied indicated the predominant theme only which may obfuscate many other activities; the dates are generalisations - there are no 'watertight compartments' in the historical continuum. Several other authors have proposed schemes like this but which differ in emphasis and divisions. This one is thusto be considered as an essentially personal analysis and commentary. Terra Australis (until 1780~) The early period consisted mainly of explorations and voyages penetrating to far southern regions. A consequence of this is the progressive reduction of the hypothetical 'Terra Australis', with its separation from Australia. Charts of the Antarctic progressively showed less land as speculations were steadily disproved. Investigation of archives held in the Netherlands, Portugal, South Africa, Spain, several Latin-American countries and elsewhere may reveal more far southern voyages in these times. This period may be regarded as concluding with the voyages of James Cook and Yves-Joseph de Kerguelen-Trémarec.

29. Modules Study of Place, Antarctic exploration. Home, Modules, Downloads, Help, Contact Us, Go To Teacher View. Investigations. How can we explore antarctica? http://www.studyofplace.com/Modules/Module.cfm?ModuleId=1

30. Antarctic Exploration: 1. How Can We Explore Antarctica? - Getting Your Bearings Study of Place, Antarctic exploration, 1. How can we explore antarctica? Satellite technology has changed the way people explore antarctica. http://www.studyofplace.com/Activities/Activity.cfm?ActivityId=1

31. Antarctic Exploration - Chronology DL. ANTARCTIC exploration CHRONOLOGY. 1492, Christopher Columbus discovered the New World when trying to reach the Spice Islands of the East Indies. http://www.quarkexpeditions.com/antarctica/exploration.shtml

About Antarctica Voyages Preparation Exploration Conservation The Environment Wildlife Expedition Logs ... Further Reading Voyage was an unforgettable experience - thanks. Excellent crew and outstanding catering on board - highly recommendable. DL ANTARCTIC EXPLORATION - CHRONOLOGY Christopher Columbus discovered the New World when trying to reach the Spice Islands of the East Indies. Dutchman, Dirk Gerritsz reported seeing snow-covered mountains some 500 kilometers from South America after being blown off course while rounding Cape Horn. These were undoubtedly the South Shetland Islands. Unbeknown to Cook, he circumnavigated the Antarctic continent. During this voyage he discovered the South Sandwich Islands and South Georgia Island, but it was his reports of huge populations of fur seals which led directly to the next era of exploration in the Antarctic. From bases in New Zealand, American, European and Russian sealers discovered and started exploiting the fur seals of the Antipodes Islands. Sealers discovered the Auckland Islands, where fur seal colonies were wiped out within a few years.

32. Ultimate Antarctica 2004 - 2005 We explore historic sites from the Heroic Age of early Antarctic exploration and visit scientists working in modern research bases. http://www.quarkexpeditions.com/antarctica/prog_ua05.shtml

About Antarctica Voyages Preparation ULTIMATE ANTARCTICA 2004-2005 ... The Great Explorers This expedition made all my dreams come true!! It was the best holiday I have ever had, thanks to all your staff. It was directly due to their dedication that my expedition exceeded my wildest dreams. Thank you all. RB ULTIMATE ANTARCTICA Aboard the Kapitan Khlebnikov December 2004 - March 2005 Antarctica is a continent of superlatives. It is the coldest, windiest, driest, iciest and highest of all the major landmasses in the world. It is the continent with the longest nights and the longest days and it is home to the world's greatest concentration of wildlife. It is also one of the last true wilderness areas left on earth - largely unchanged since the early explorers and whalers first landed on its inhospitable shores less than two centuries ago. Considerably larger than either the United States or Europe, and twice the size of Australia, the continent is surrounded by a frozen sea that varies in area from one million square miles in summer to 7.3 million square miles in winter. Beyond the ice are the waters of the vast Southern Ocean which encircles Antarctica in a continuous ring several hundred miles wide. The Southern Ocean isolates the continent from the warmer waters of the Pacific, Indian and Atlantic Oceans to the north and this meeting point, called the Antarctic Convergence, is the ecologically-defined northern boundary of the region. Our journeys occur at the peak of the summer wildlife season. Bathed in long hours of daylight, the area will be erupting with wildlife activity. Millions of penguins gather to tend their fast-growing chicks; whales are seen in great numbers, seals haul out onto ice floes and beaches, and numerous albatrosses and other seabirds trail in our wake. We explore historic sites from the Heroic Age of early Antarctic exploration and visit scientists working in modern research bases. And there is plenty of time to enjoy the sheer beauty and the breathtaking scenery of ice-choked waterways, blue and white icebergs, impressive glaciers and rugged snow-capped mountains.

33. Antarctic Explorers - EnchantedLearning.com Stroud made the first unsupported walk across the continent of antarctica, each man dragging a 500pound sledge. Fiennes holds many world exploration records. http://www.enchantedlearning.com/explorers/antarctica.shtml

EnchantedLearning.com is a user-supported site. As a bonus, site members have access to a banner-ad-free version of the site, with print-friendly pages. Click here to learn more. (Already a member? Click here. An Enchanted Learning Web Page Zoom Explorers A B C D ... Glossary of Exploration Terms Antarctic Explorers More information on Antarctica AMUNDSEN, ROALD Roald Amundsen (1872-1928) was a Norwegian polar explorer who was the first person to fly over the North Pole in a dirigible (May 11-13, 1926) and was the first person to reach the South Pole. Amundsen and his small expedition reached the South Pole on December 14, 1911, traveling by dog sled. Amundsen was also the first person to sail around the world through the Northeast and Northwest passages, from the Atlantic to the Pacific (in 1905). He was the first person to reach both the North and South Poles. Amundsen died in a plane crash attempting to rescue his friend, the Italian explorer Umberto Nobile who was lost in an airship. For more information on Amundsen, click here BYRD, RICHARD E. Admiral Richard Evelyn Byrd (1888-1957) was an Arctic and Antarctic explorer, pioneering aviator, and US Naval Officer. On May 9, 1926, Byrd (the navigator) and Floyd Bennett (the pilot) made what may have been the first airplane trip over the North Pole, in a 15 1/2 hour flight; they flew from King's Bay, Spitsbergen, Norway, to the North Pole and back again. There is a dispute as to whether or not they actually reached the pole. He also made many trips to Antarctica.

34. Unit 2 Menu - Text Version Classroom antarctica Unit 2 ANTARCTIC exploration MENU. how many features are named after explorers or their ships create your own map of antarctica http://classroomantarctica.aad.gov.au/textversion/Unit2_menu_txt.html

View graphic version Classroom Antarctica Unit 2 - ANTARCTIC EXPLORATION MENU Science and Studies of Society and Environment (SOSE) feature strongly though many activities focus on English, Mathematics, the Arts, Technology and even Languages other than English (LOTE). Some activities have been designed around Expeditioner Profiles Mix and match activities to meet your own shool or States learning objectives. Adapt the activities to the range of abilities in your class and the particular interests of your students. To assist you there are hundreds of links to the world wide web including the Australian Antarctic Division web site. We also provide materials as listed in the introduction for each unit, and a whole section of additional Classroom Resources INTRODUCTION AND MATERIALS OR view html text only version STUDENTS WILL FIND THE ANSWERS TO THESE QUESTIONS: Activity 2.1 ANTARCTIC EXPLORATION (186kb) View pdf version ... look at the early explorers ... why did some expeditions fail? ... study the experiences of Australian explorers Douglas Mawson, Captain John Davis, George Hubert Wilkins, John Rymill and Philip Law ... what did they actually achieve? ... find information about explorers' wives and families ... what do you think it means to be a hero? HISTORY This activity relates to SOSE (Studies of Society and the Environment) curriculum strands: Time, Continuity and Change: Understanding the past, Time and change; and Interpretations and perspectives Place and Space: People and places; and Features of places

35. Antarctic Exploration Books, Essential Reading antarctica, Firsthand Accounts of exploration and Endurance • Charles Neider • exploration • An anthology of eyewitness reports by 14 Antarctic explorers http://www.longitudebooks.com/find/d/143/pc/Antarctica/mcms.html

Choose a Region Polar Regions North America Middle America South America Northern Europe Southern Europe Mediterranean Middle East Africa South Asia Southeast Asia Advanced Search Have An Item Number? ... Visiting ANTARCTICA Antarctic Exploration READING AND TRAVEL GUIDE Click on Essential Reading for the featured set of Antarctic Exploration books and a map. We offer free shipping on anything else you order with the travel books package. These items are available for , including U.S. shipping, a discount (Item no. EXANT46) Select Item North Pole, South Pole, Journeys to the Ends of the Earth Bertrand Imbert An indispensable reference that fits in your pocket. Part of the lavishly illustrated "Discoveries" series, this compact introduction to polar exploration features hundreds of maps, historic photographs and journal excerpts. With at least a few paragraphs on each of the great expeditions, we refer to it often. The Last Place on Earth, Scott and Amundsen's Race to the South Pole Roland Huntford Paul Theroux Huntford's absorbing dual biography, revised and updated for this edition. It's a rousing tale of hardship, technical challenge, political ambition, and fortitude. This is the still controversial book published 20 years ago that effectively de-constructs the much mythologized Robert Falcon Scott. Clearly an admirer of Amundsen, Huntford interweaves the story of the two expeditions, contrasting Amundsen's well planned campaign with the many follies of Scott's ill-fated quest.

36. MSN Encarta - Related Items - Antarctica Mount Erebus, Antarctic volcano. Sir Ernest Henry Shackleton, Antarctic explorer. South Pole. Arctic. history of Antarctic exploration. American explorers. http://encarta.msn.com/related_761565002_8.0/history_of_Antarctic_exploration.ht

var fSendSelectEvents = true; var fSendExpandCollapseEvents = true; var fCallDisplayUAText = false; MSN Home My MSN Hotmail Shopping ... Money Web Search: logoImg('http://sc.msn.com'); Encarta Subscriber Sign In Help Home ... Upgrade to Encarta Premium Search Encarta Related Items from Encarta Antarctica Antarctic Peninsula Antarctic Treaty, treaty designed to preserve the continent of Antarctica Mount Erebus, Antarctic volcano Sir Ernest Henry Shackleton, Antarctic explorer ... , fifth largest of the Earth’s seven continents. The southernmost, coldest, windiest, highest, most remote, and most recently discovered... View article Try MSN Internet Software for FREE! MSN Home My MSN Hotmail ... Feedback

37. Erskine Press - Antarctic Titles: Books On Antarctic Exploration, Antarctic Book antarctica,Robert Falcon Scott,Books on Antarctic exploration, Antarctic books, Roald Amundsen, Shackleton Expedition, South Georgia. http://www.erskine-press.com/antarctic_titles_1.htm

The Diaries IN THE TEETH OF THE WIND South through the Pole to zoom In November 1997 two Belgian explorers crossed the Antarctic continent from the Wedell Sea to the Ross Sea on foot. . From Dronning Maud Land Alain Hubert and Dixie Dansercoer travelled for 99 days until they reached the American base at McMurdo Sound, some 3920 kilometres away. They carried in the sledges all the supplies needed for the journey as well as scientific equipment necessary for taking ice-core samples from snows where no human had ever set foot. By using traction sails, specially designed for the expedition, they set many records, managing on some days to clock up distances of over 100 kilometres at amazing speeds. This full colour book contains over 90 pictures of their trip, many maps and drawings as well as technical details of the sails and their supplies, ...an extraordinary journey across this most inhospitable of continents...full of danger and excitement. The pictures illustrate the trials of the journey and the awesome beauty of... Antarctica. 224pp, 254 x 195mm hardback. jacketed, full colour throughout £24.95/$45.00.

38. Recommended Books On Historical South Pole Expeditions And Antarctic Exploration Below is a selection of books recommended for those interested in the historical exploration of antarctica and Antarctic adventure. http://www.garethwood.com/profile/books-about-antarctica.html

Home Biography and Experience Recommended Reading Below is a selection of books recommended for those interested in the historical exploration of Antarctica and Antarctic adventure. These books can be purchased directly online from this web site (in affiliation with Chapters Online Book Store ) at up to 20% off the cover prices! South Pole: 900 Miles on Foot , by Gareth Wood and Eric Jamieson The Worst Journey in the World , by Apsley Cherry-Garrard A First-Rate Tragedy: , by Diana Preston Scott's Last Expedition: The Journals , by Robert F. Scott and Beryl Bainbridge Endurance : Shackleton's Incredible Voyage , by Alfred Lansing Endurance , by Caroline Alexander Shackleton , by Roland Huntford North Pole, South Pole: Journeys to the Ends of the Earth , by Bertrand Imbert South Pole: 900 Miles on Foot By Gareth Wood and Eric Jamieson List Price: US$10.30 (CAN$15.95) Site Price: US$8.25 (CAN$12.76) Savings: US$2.05 (CAN$3.19) Purchase Now Online! Or would you prefer an Autographed Copy Year Published: 1996 One Canadian, Gareth Wood, and two Englishmen, Roger Mear and Robert Swan, crossed the snow and ice of Antarctica to the South Pole, without dogs or radios, mechanical support or caches of food. Their expedition was titled "In the Footsteps of Scott". Unlike Scott's adventure, this trek ended happily. Each man hauled a sled loaded with 350 pounds of survival gear, checking their progress daily against Scott's journals. In the course of this epic struggle, three self-assured individuals began to learn the value of cooperation and teamwork as they avoided a disaster of their own.

39. Antarctica - The Coldest And Windiest Continent On Earth, By Gareth Wood Interesting Internet Links · Antarctic exploration Good Historical Overview · The New South Polar Times The New South Polar Times is a newsletter written by http://www.garethwood.com/profile/antarctica-overview.html

More Info! Home Biography and Experience Antarctica The Coldest and Windiest Place on Earth... The Continent Antarctica is the fifth largest of the seven continents and has the title as being both the coldest and windiest continent on Earth. The continent is 95 percent under ice cover and is officially considered a desert - even though it holds 70% of the earths fresh water! Antarctica totals 14.2 million sq. km in the summer and doubles in size during the winter months due to the amount of ice that forms around the continent. It is the highest of all continents as a result of its ice cover, which gives Antarctica an average elevation of about 2300m (about 7500 ft). Antarctica surrounds the South Pole and is almost circular in shape with an arm - the Antarctic Peninsula - extending almost to South America. There are a number of research stations in Antarctica. The South Pole Station, which sits on almost two miles of solid ice, is home to about 160 residents in the summer and reduces to less than 30 during the winter. McMurdo Station, located on the southern tip of Ross Island is home to about 1,000 summer summer residents and 150 winter residents. A Long History of Exploration Reaching the South Pole has long held a fascination for explorers but until the 1900's was not considered an attainable goal.

40. The Royal Philatelic Society London - The Polar Postal History Society The Heroi Following an International Geophysical Congress in 1895 in London it was resolved that the exploration of antarctica was the greatest piece of Geophysical http://www.rpsl.org.uk/polar/heroic_era.html

The Heroic Era of Antarctic Exploration - H. E. J. Evans Following an International Geophysical Congress in 1895 in London it was resolved that the exploration of Antarctica was the greatest piece of Geophysical Research still to be undertaken and it was urged that this be commenced before the end of the Century. As a result the International exploration of the Continent began. The main objects of the expeditions was scientific research coupled with the race to be first to reach the South Pole and to claim segments of the continent for their country. During the next 40 years, expeditions from many countries, both large and small, were mounted with the South Pole being reached by Amundsen on 14th December 1911 followed by Scott on 18th January 1912. The display covers the heroic Age with covers from most of the expeditions between 1897 and 1922. Some were written or signed by expedition leaders including Amundsen, Bruce, Charcot, Filchner, Mawson, Scott, Shackleton and Wilkins. Post offices were opened at some bases with special stamps, the object being to help substantiate possible future territorial claims. A number of these stamps are included in the display.

A  B  C  D  E  F  G  H  I  J  K  L  M  N  O  P  Q  R  S  T  U  V  W  X  Y  Z

Page 2     21-40 of 98    Back | 1  | 2  | 3  | 4  | 5  | Next 20