41. Geology 3140 - Paleontology Syllabus GEOL 3140 paleontology Spring 2000 Students screening for into the evolution oflife, ancient depositional environments W 3/1 Cnidaria reefs through time http://ga-mac.uncc.edu/faculty/griffing/3140syllabus_S'00

GEOL 3140 - Paleontology Spring 2000 Students screening for Cretaceous vertebrate fossils near Elizabethtown, NC Fossil Mako shark tooth collected near Cross, SC Instructor: Dr. David Griffing Offices Hours: W 2-3 pm, R 9-10 am Office: McEniry 406 Lecture Time: MWF 9:00-9:50 am Phone: 547-2667 Lecture Room: Kennedy 321 e-mail: dhgriffi@email.uncc.edu Lab: during F lecture time Purpose: This course will expose you to the nature of the ancient biosphere. It will also familiarize you with many of the important groups of fossil organisms that played a significant role in the history of life on Earth. Our goal is to understand how the fossil record and paleontological analysis provides insight into the evolution of life, ancient depositional environments, major climatic changes, and plate tectonic reconstruction. Text: Prothero, Donald R., 1998. Bringing Fossils to Life: An Introduction to Paleobiology. WCB/McGraw-Hill, Boston, 457 p., ISBN 0-07-052197-2 Attendance : Attendance of lecture, lab exercises and one weekend field trip is required for completion of this course. I will endeavor to mix in as much hands-on experience with fossils as possible, both in normal lecture time and during short lab exercises (some of which may be multi-week projects).

42. Fossils paleontology is the study of prehistoric life as seen in fossils. were actually formedin the Pacific Ocean as part of reefs surround ancient islands. http://www.seinan-gu.ac.jp/~djohnson/natural/fossils.html

Paleontology and Fossils A Brief Overview Paleontology is the study of prehistoric life as seen in fossils. A fossil is a remnant or trace of a prehistoric organism. It may be a skeletal remain or other organic material remaining in rock, or, as is often the case, just the impression in rock of the organism. In this course, we will observe marine fossils deposited by one of two methods. (There are also many terrestrial and freshwater fossils in Japan.) Marine Fossils Deposited by Accretion of Pacific Island Material. The plate tectonic activity that causes the volcanoes and earthquakes of Japan has also resulted in a unique class of marine fossils being deposited on the Japanese mainland. These fossils were originally parts of coral reefs surrounding Pacific Ocean islands. Millions of years of plate tectonic activity has resulted in Pacific islands (possibly similar to the present day Hawaiian islands) colliding with the Japanese mainland as the Pacific Plate subducts under the Eurasian Plate. In this process, the materials of these coral reefs is deposited, or accreted, onto the Japanese mainland. With many subsequent rounds of such activity, this accreted material has come to be found at great distances inland, for example in the Akiyoshidai area of Yamaguchi Prefecture. The coral reef fossil deposits found at Akiyoshidai were actually formed in the Pacific Ocean as part of reefs surround ancient islands. The reef material found at Akiyoshidai does include coral deposits, but is also abundant in deposits of

43. Reefs And Silics Abstract, Leinfelder 1997 Institute of Geology and paleontology, University of Stuttgart, Herdweg 51, D70174 Bothin the Modern and ancient examples coral reefs and carbonate http://141.84.51.10/palaeo_de/Abstracts/Lei97.html

CORAL REEFS AND CARBONATE PLATFORMS WITHIN A SILICICLASTIC SETTING. GENERAL ASPECTS AND EXAMPLES FROM THE LATE JURASSIC OF PORTUGAL. Reinhold Leinfelder Institute of Geology and Paleontology, University of Stuttgart, Herdweg 51, D-70174 Stuttgart, Germany. Proc. 8th Int. Coral Reef Symp., 2, 1737-1742, Panama City ABSTRACT Last changes 20. Dec. 97 by R. Leinfelder

44. Nearctica - Family - Cool - Fossils A marvelous web site dealing with the ancient ocean life if you are interested ineither sharks or paleontology. of organisms that lived on reefs during the http://www.nearctica.com/family/cool/cfossil.htm

Cool Sites Fossils Special Segments Butterflies of North America Conifers of North America Eastern Birds List of N.A. Insects Home Eastern Wildflowers General Topics Natural History Ecology Family Environment Evolution Home Education Home Conservation Geophysics Paleontology Commercial Organizations Buy Books about Fossils University of California at Berkeley Museum of Paleontology . The monster site for paleontology. This is definitely the first place to go to find about about the fossil history, biology, and systematics of plants and animals through geological time. We very highly recommend this site to everyone. Historical Geology Online Laboratory Manual . Pamela Gore. This is truly a great site. This online manual of historical geology covers many important topics. For example you will find sections on rocks and minerals, sedimentary rocks, relative dating and stratigraphy, invertebrate and microfossils, evolution, vertebrate evolution, and much more. Each section also has a series of laboratory exercises to go along with the explanatory material and illustrations. A wonderfully informative site and we highly recommend it. The Fossil Hunter . Mike Perona. A great place to visit if you collect fossils or want to. You'll find a list of fossil collecting locations throughout the United States and Canada, safety tips for collecting, and a list of the laws, rules, and regulations that you must understand if you want to collect legally.

45. GEOLOGY AND GEOGRAPHY OF THE NEW YORK BIGHT paleontology AND BEACH FOSSILS OF THE NEW YORK BIGHT. Both recent and ancient examplescan be found on century fishermen reported that coral reefs existed in http://www.geo.hunter.cuny.edu/bight/fossil.html

PALEONTOLOGY AND BEACH FOSSILS OF THE NEW YORK BIGHT This web page is a short collection of images of fossils collected from Rockaway Beach (Queens, NY), Staten Island, and Sandy Hook (NJ). The conclusion that some of these items are actually of antiquity is purely subjective. Taphonomy Taphonomy is the study of how (and why) fossils are preserved. Modern geologic processes can take practically any bone or shell material and give it a "fossil" appearance. For instance, modern shells commonly become attached to iron debris (shipwrecks, bottle tops, etc.) as seawater reacts with the iron to form rust. In addition, shell accumulations in the highest tidal range are subjected to frequent wetting and drying by rain or highest tides. This infrequent wetting of shell material causes calcite and aragonite to dissolve and then precipitate as microcrystalline calcite cement upon drying. These processes that cement modern shell material are essentially the same processes that helped to preserve shells and organic remains as fossils in the geologic past. Several additional important geologic processes related to fossils should also be noted. First, vertebrate bones and teeth consist of porous apatite (a calcium phospate mineral). When exposed to seawater minerals precipitate within pores and ion substitution replaces some of the spaces within the aragonite mineral lattice. The net result is that bone material tends to become darker in color, harder, and more brittle with time (if it isn't eaten or dissolved in organic acids in the sediment first!).

46. Paleontology 137 Microfossils the microbial equivalent of organic reefs produced by little bit about their usefulnessin paleontology. depth of formation of ancient sediments (particularly http://people.hofstra.edu/faculty/J_B_Bennington/137notes/microfossils.html

Paleontology 137 Dr. J Bret Bennington Micropaleontology and Palynology Stromatolites Although stromatolites are megascopic organo-sedimentary structures more within the realm of sedimentology than micropaleontology, they are produced by bacteria (prokaryotic organisms) so we will consider them along with other fossil microbes. The term Stromatolite is defined as an accretionary organosedimentary structure, commonly laminated, megascopic, and calcareous, produced as a result of the growth and metabolic activities of mat-forming, filimentous prokaryotes - primarily cyanobacteria ("blue green algae", which are not algae at all - algae are eukaryotes). Sedimentary particles carried by currents and tides settle out onto the mat surface. Bacterial cells grow upward through the sedimentary material, trapping and binding it, and forming a new mat surface. This process is continuously repeated to produce laminations of sediment bound by older mat material with the living growing microbial mat remaining on the outer surface of the mound. Stromatolites can be stratiform (flat)

47. Written Assignment ancient reefs a description of fossil reefs how they were Significance of reefs- academic, economic, geologic, etc. Journal of paleontology, 59551-560. http://www.geology.iupui.edu/classes/g109/Joe_Paper.htm

Written Assignment The Assignment: Write a 5-10 page, double-spaced, paper to explore a course-related topic in more detail. Grades for the report will be based on both substance (content, organization, and clarity) and on technical elements (spelling, grammar, general format, etc.). Remember, the rules of Standard English composition are important for communication on any topic, including this paper. Format: Plan on including an Introduction section, that describes the nature of the topic. This is followed by one or more sections , dictated by the nature of the topic, that cover the major subject areas. For example, if your paper is on Silurian Reefs of Indiana , you might include the following sections: Introduction - what are living reefs like? Ancient Reefs Distribution - where do they occur in the state? Significance of Reefs - academic, economic, geologic, etc. Follow this with a Conclusions section summarizing your findings ( do not include any new information) Finally, include a References section that lists the sources you actually cited in writing your paper..

48. YouDebate.com Forum > Evolution In Schools we understand about fields such as genetics, botany, zoology, paleontology, and anthropology whichrivers meandered back and forth, and ancient reefs that grew http://www.youdebate.com/cgi-bin/scarecrow/edit.cgi?forum=3&topic=1325&id=2162

49. Paleontology/Paleobotany (Posters) I LANDMAN, Neil H., Division of paleontology (Invertebrates), American OF TROPHIC LEVELIN ancient MARINE ECOSYSTEMS FROM SHORE FOR PLEISTOCENE reefs, SAN SALVADOR http://gsa.confex.com/gsa/2002AM/finalprogram/session_3203.htm

Session No. 160 Tuesday, October 29, 2002 1:30 PM-5:30 PM, Colorado Convention Center: Exhibit Hall Paleontology/Paleobotany (Posters) I Paper # Booth # THE PRESERVATION OF MORPHOLOGICAL EVOLUTION IN A SEDIMENTARY BASIN: AN INVERSE APPROACH : HANNISDAL, Bjarte, Department of the Geophysical Sciences, Univ of Chicago, 5734 South Ellis Avenue, Chicago, IL 60637, bhannis@geosci.uchicago.edu. STASIS IN BIVALVE GROWTH AND POPULATION ECOLOGY: AGE DISTRIBUTION, GROWTH CURVES, AND BIOMASS OF A POPULATION OF REVUELTIAN (UPPER TRIASSIC: EARLY-MID NORIAN) UNIONIDS FROM WEST TEXAS : RINEHART, Larry F., LUCAS, Spencer G., HECKERT, Andrew B., and ESTEP, John W., New Mexico Museum of Natural History, 1801 Mountain Road NW, Albuquerque, NM 87104, lrinehart@msn.com STRUCTURAL ORGANIZATION AND GROWTH OF SILURIAN CHAIN CORALS : DRUMMOND, Carl N. and HOVERMAN, Robert, Department of Geosciences, Indiana Univ Purdue Univ Fort Wayne, Fort Wayne, IN 46805, drummond@ipfw.edu A COMBINED LANDMARK AND OUTLINE BASED APPROACH TO ONTOGENETIC SHAPE CHANGE IN THE ORDOVICIAN TRILOBITE TRIARTHRUS BECKI : SHEETS, H. David, Physics, Canisius College, 2001 Main St, Buffalo, NY 14208, sheets@canisius.edu, KIM, Keonho, Dept. of Geology, SUNY at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260, and MITCHELL, Charles, Dept. of Geology, SUNY at Buffalo, 876 Natural Sciences Complex, Buffalo, NY 14260 STATISTICAL DISCRIMINATION OF CORBICULA SPECIES (MOLLUSCA: BIVALVIA) FROM A MIXED FRESHWATER-MARINE MOLLUSCAN ASSEMBLAGE IN THE FOX HILLS FORMATION (LATE CRETACEOUS: MAASTRICHTIAN) OF NORTH DAKOTA : BOUCHARD, Timothy D.

50. Paleontology Curriculum- Paleontology Glossary paleontology Glossary. solitary) or in huge colonies that form coral reefs. Paleoenvironment– An ancient environment reconstructed by studying fossils and http://www.nps.gov/maca/learnhome/cur_p_glo.htm

Paleontology Glossary a b c d ... i j k l m n o ... w x y z (also check out our cave terms glossary Adaptations – Characteristics that give an organism a better chance of survival. Archaeologist – A scientist who studies remains of past cultures, both prehistoric and historic. Archaeology – Study of past cultures through material remains. Articulated – Joints still connected. Artifact – An object made and used by humans. Biped – Any two-footed animal. Bivalves – An animal (such as a clam) that has a two-valved shell where both valves are the same size and shape. Also called Pelecypods. Blastoids – A Mississippian fossil consisting of a ½- to 1-inch cup-like body that was attached at the base to a short stem. Each of these bodies were five-sided and had arms radiating from it. Usually only the fossilized bodies are seen today. Brachiopods – (Lampshells) These sea creatures have two shells (called valves). One valve is usually larger than the other. The top of one valve will curl over the top of the second. This gives them an “oil lamp” shape. Some shells are smooth while others have ridges and grooves that radiate out from the middle of the hinge. Brachiopods are common in rocks of Cambrian to Carboniferous age. Bryozoans – Aquatic, colonial animals with branching, mossy or fan-like growth. They resemble corals but have more complex nervous, muscular and digestive systems.

51. Geotimes — Archives — Search By Topic Paleoclimate Paleogeography Paleolimnology paleontology Paleoseismology, Petroleum UnknownFuture for Coral reefs, 122003. of Peru’s ancient Societies, 8-2003. http://www.geotimes.org/archives2/search_topic.html

Geotimes Archive If you like what you see here, subscribe now to Geotimes Please send your questions and comments to: geotimes@agiweb.org Back to Archive Index Geotimes Article Archive Search Results, By *Topic: Biogeochemistry Carbon Sequestration Careers Caves and Karst ... Water *Each story is listed under only one topic. Back to Archive Index Back to top Biogeochemistry Undersea earthquake a blessing in disguise Laughing gas throws a hard punch Reflections on the Tagish Lake meteorite Iron from below, not above ... Back to top Carbon Sequestration Storing Carbon in Earth Demonstrating Carbon Sequestration Weathering climate change Back to top Careers Off the Beaten Path Jobs in the Core Fields Earth Scientists and National Security Boost for women geoscientists ... Back to top Caves and Karst Cave confidentiality Karst: The Stealthy Hazard Slip and slide in Kentucky Back to top Climate Loophole in the carbon cycle Assessing climate change: fair warning or scare tactic? Calamitous greenhouse gas discovered Olympic ozone loss ... Back to top Data Resources in Peril Data Preservation: A Global Perspective Access Makes an Old Collection New The Crisis in Geological Collections ... Back to top Earthquakes After the Quake, Into the Mantle

52. The Milwaukee Public Museum - Geology Section As a senior in paleontology at the University of California, Berkeley he was themessage of diversity, said Watkins, but in fact, the ancient reefs were much http://www.mpm.edu/research/geology/aa_watkins_lore.html

Visit Us Buy Tickets Exhibits Education Humphrey IMAX Dome Theater Membership Travel Programs Museum Shops Private Rentals Volunteer Work Opportunities anthropology botany geology history ... virtual reef Additional Information Search the Museum Contact Us Geology Section Curator Showcase Rodney Watkins Adventures in Bedrock by Paul G. Hayes A 26-million-year history of Milwaukee lies in a dank room of the University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee's Kenilworth Building-and Rodney Watkins wants to read it. B ut to do so he'll need a forklift and a high-powered flashlight. Why? This history is embedded in cores of Milwaukee's bedrock. Thousands of feet long, the cores are broken into segments and stored on pallets, some stacked as tall as six feet. T he cores were drilled years ago for use by engineers as the Metropolitan Milwaukee Sewerage District's (MMSD) deep tunnel system was getting under way. Ten years after the completion of the tunnels, MMSD gave the core to the Wisconsin Geological and Natural History Survey, which in turn stored the material at the Kenilworth Building. B edrock under Milwaukee means Silurian Period dolomite, a rock similar to limestone laid down by shallow, salty seas from 443 million to 417 million years ago give or take a million on either end as more is learned," Watkins said.

53. Paleontology And Fossils Resources The ancient Ones; Aquila Natural History Books; Black Dinosaur Provincial Park; DutchPaleontology; Fossils in Newfoundland New Report on Jurassic reefs in Alabama; http://members.cox.net/jdmount/paleont.html

CONTENTS Books Contact Links Webrings LINKS Here is a selected list of Web pages dealing with Paleontology and Fossils. Enter on the name of the page to access it. Additions to this list are appreciated. Alberta Palaeontological Society American Association of Stratigraphic Palynologists Austin Paleontological Society Central Texas Paleontological Society ... Wichita Paleontological Society Bibliographies Bibliography of American Paleobotany Bibliography of the Purbeck Formation, Dorset, UK - Vertebrates Dino Russ's Suggested Reading List North American Fossil Mammal Systematics Database ... Suggested Reading: Some Colorado BLM Paleontology Books Books about Brachiopods Books about Geology Books about Mollusks Books about Paleontology and Fossils ... Yahoo!: Paleontology Classrooms, Courses and Teaching Education Resources for Paleontology Learning From the Fossil Record Paleobiology Topics Paleontology Class' Bookmarks ... Computational Paleontology Dinosaurs BBC Online: Walking with Dinosaurs Bert's Dinosaur World Books about Dinosaurs Boomis.com: Dinosaur Ring ... Vertebrate Paleontological Resources Protection Act ("Baucus Bill") [This act did not pass] General Information Britannica.com - Paleontology

54. Alexa Web Search - Subjects > Science > ... > Paleontology > Invertebrates > Cor ancient Coral reefs Natural History Notebook (Canada) fossil coralsection. www.nature.ca/notebooks/english/coral.htm Site Info. http://www.alexa.com/browse/general?catid=217401&mode=general

55. Baylor University || Geology Department || Dr. Rena Bonem patch reefs implications for recognition of ancient storm deposits lagoonal patchreefs Advances in Reef Sciences, University of paleontology, v. 56, p. 136274 http://www.baylor.edu/geology/index.php?id=001019

56. Evolution: Glossary Author of two books on paleontology for young people also published important workson coral reefs and on organism that has been preserved from ancient times in http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/evolution/library/glossary/

Glossary A B C D ... Z acquired trait: A phenotypic characteristic, acquired during growth and development, that is not genetically based and therefore cannot be passed on to the next generation (for example, the large muscles of a weightlifter). adaptation: Any heritable characteristic of an organism that improves its ability to survive and reproduce in its environment. Also used to describe the process of genetic change within a population, as influenced by natural selection adaptive landscape: A graph of the average fitness of a population in relation to the frequencies of genotypes in it. Peaks on the landscape correspond to genotypic frequencies at which the average fitness is high, valleys to genotypic frequencies at which the average fitness is low. Also called a fitness surface. adaptive logic: A behavior has adaptive logic if it tends to increase the number of offspring that an individual contributes to the next and following generations. If such a behavior is even partly genetically determined, it will tend to become widespread in the population. Then, even if circumstances change such that it no longer provides any survival or reproductive advantage, the behavior will still tend to be exhibited unless it becomes positively disadvantageous in the new environment. adaptive radiation: The diversification, over evolutionary time, of a

57. Earth Science And Paleontology dinos_home.html Dinosaur and vertebrate paleontology information. the ages of rocksand ancient artifacts. Map Projections, Volcano, Island Coral reefs, How to http://www.towson.edu/csme/mctp/Technology/EarthScience.html

Internet Resources for Science and Mathematics Education, collected by Tom O'Haver. Main Index New and Notable Education Mathematics ... State of Maryland and the Local Area Earth Science and Paleontology Last updated and all links checked July 31, 2002. Hint: Looking for something specific? Use the Find command in the Edit menu (or press Ctrl-F) to search for keywords. A Tapestry of Time and Terrain: The Union of Two Maps - Geology and Topography http://tapestry.wr.usgs.gov/Default.html The most detailed and accurate portrait of the U.S. land surface and the ages of its underlying rock formations yet displayed in the same image. The new map resembles traditional 3-D perspective drawings of landscapes with the addition of a fourth dimension, geologic time, which is shown in color. Geo-Mysteries http://www.childrensmuseum.org/geomysteries/index2.html Scientific background information about rocks and fossils. The site contains lessons in which students solve mysteries about rocks, fossils. For grades 1 to 8 Dino Russ's lair http://www.isgs.uiuc.edu/dinos/dinos_home.html

58. Homepage Von Michaela Bernecker research topics Sedimentology and paleontology in early Mesozoic and early quantitativeanalysis and microfacies studies of ancient reefs an integrated http://www.pal.uni-erlangen.de/mitarbeiter/bernecker/

Dr. Michaela Bernecker Loewenichstr. 28, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany phone: ++49/9131/8526958 Fax: ++49/9131/8522690 email: bernecke@pal.uni-erlangen.de research topics: Sedimentology and paleontology in early Mesozoic and early Caenozoic sediments Strong emphasis on field work and outcrop analog studies (Europe, Middle East) Development of quantitative methods in sedimentology using digital image analysis Research interests in facies analysis, reef development and sequence stratigraphy research areas: Tertiary: Central Oman : Seeb and Sur area; Southern Oman: Dhofar and Duqm area Triassic: Oman Mountains: Jabal Kawr and Al-Aridh, Hawasina Nappes; Jabal Sumeini publications: BERNECKER, M. (1996): Upper Triassic reefs of the Oman Mountains: Data from the South Tethyan margin.- Facies 34, 41-76, 11 Figs., Pl. 11-18, Erlangen. BERNECKER, M. (1996): Upper Triassic carbonates of the Oman Mountains: Jabal Kawr area (Hawasina Nappes) and Jabal Wasa (Sumeini Group).- Report for the Ministry of Petroleum and Minerals, Sultanate of Oman, Muscat. oral presentations: BERNECKER, M. (2003): Development of the Arabian shelf during the Paleogene: Influence on scleractinian corals in response to environmental perturbations.- Symposium on the Paleogene: Preparing for Modern Life and Climate, Leuven, Belgium.

59. Calculating Eustatic Amplitude Of Middle Permian From Reefs of series is the precondition of determining ancient sealevel and sphinctozoans inthe modern reefs of Enewetak Journal of paleontology, 1984, 58(3) 636-650. http://geofinds.com/wu-paper-eustatic-rise.htm

return to introduction to WU YA SHENG return to PAPERS ON PERMIAN SEA-LEVEL CHANGES Wu Ya Sheng, Fan JiaSong, 2002, Calculating eustatic amplitude of Middle Permian from reefs. Science in China, Series D, 45(3): 221-232. WU Ya-Sheng ( FAN Jia-Song (Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, PRC) ABSTRACT Methods to calculate ancient sea-level change amplitudes according to reef fabric-facies are proposed, with a new method to determine sediment-loading subsidence. To calculate ancient sea-level change amplitudes according to reefs is more accurate in restoration of original sediment thickness, determination of sediment-loading subsidence, as well as restoration of ancient water depth than according to other deposits. According to the reef in Guangxi, China, the amplitude of sea-level rise during Middle Permian ( Neoschwagerina-Yabeina zone) is 249.5 m. According to the coeval reef of the Guadalupe Mountains, New Mexico and Texas, the sea-level rise is 247 m. It is probably feasible to establish more accurate eustatic curve of Phanerozoic. Keywords: sea-level changes, eustatic change, reef, fabric-facies, subsidence

60. Wauu.DE: Science: Earth Sciences: Paleontology: Invertebrates: Corals Search DMOZVerzeichnis All Categories Categories Onlye. Links URL hinzufügen.ancient Coral reefs Natural History Notebook (Canada) fossil coral section. http://www.wauu.de/Science/Earth_Sciences/Paleontology/Invertebrates/Corals/

Home Science Earth Sciences Paleontology ... Invertebrates : Corals Search DMOZ-Verzeichnis: All Categories Categories Onlye Links: Ancient Coral Reefs Natural History Notebook (Canada) fossil coral section. http://www.nature.ca/notebooks/english/coral.htm Rugose and Tabulate Corals Images of fossilized specimens. Geology Department, University of Newcastle, Australia. http://www.newcastle.edu.au/discipline/geology/research/corals/corals.htm Virtual Silurian Reef Silurian reefs in the field. http://www.mpm.edu/reef/field.html © 1998- 2002 Ein Service von Wauu.de UserNet.DE Linktip: MnogoSearch.ORG Map TopTen TopTen eng Aktuelle Linktips Mozilla 1.7 RC 1 Basteln 0190 Warner Free Rund ums Rad ... Fantasy - Shop Webmaster-Links Webspace Free Subdomain Service Merchandise Fun SUMA - Forum ... Abmahnungen œber Wauu Regeln Webmasterservice Impressum b

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