141. Ancient Rome - Philosophy Overview of ancient Roman philosophy by Richard Hooker. http://www.crystalinks.com/romephilosophy.html

ANCIENT ROMAN PHILOSOPHY The single most important philosophy in Rome was Stoicism, which originated in Hellenistic Greece. The contents of the philosophy were particularly amenable to the Roman world view, especially since the Stoic insistence on acceptance of all situations, including adverse ones, seemed to reproduce what the Romans considered their crowning achievement: virtus, or "manliness," or "toughness." The centerpiece of Stoic philosophy was the concept of the logos. The universe is ordered by God and this order is the logos , which means "rational order" or "meaning" of the universe. After the death of Zeno of Citium, the Stoic school was headed by Cleanthes and Chrysippus, and its teachings were carried to Rome in 155 by Diogenes of Babylon. There its tenets were made popular by Panaetius, friend of the great general Scipio Aemilianus, and by Posidonius, who was a friend of Pompey (see your textbook if you don't recognize these names); Cicero drew heavily on the works of both. Stoic ideas appear in the greatest work of Roman literature, Vergil's

142. In Wednesday’s Lecture, Professor Hutchinson First Introduced Aristippus O Notes from a philosophy class session focusing on this ancient hedonist. http://www.chass.utoronto.ca/~dhutchin/j23b.htm

back to PHL200Y home page back to course outline Topic #F47 Aristippus of Cyrene 23 January 2002 Scribe: Laura Giordano These minutes were not spoken; for another version, go to the spoken minutes Nicomachean Ethics , therefore it is often difficult to convince students of its correct spelling. As an example Hutchinson referred to the book Made For Happiness by Jean Vanier. All we can hope for now is for Vanier to get the spelling correct. The second announcement was with respect to the Scribes and Scholars project. Hutchinson noted that as far as he or any of his colleagues were aware, a project like this has never before been attempted. The purpose of the project is to show how much one can retrodict of an ancient text. Next Hutchinson moved on to his lecture on Aristippus of Cyrene. He referred to Aristippus as a coulourful figure who forms a bridge between the Epicureans and Socrates; this bridge however is both tenuous and arguable for many. Here Hutchinson turned our focus back to the central figure of Socrates, and noted that Aristippus was a man who studied with Socrates yet had ideas and students of his own. It seems to me that Socrates also encouraged his associates to practice self-discipline with regards to food and drink and sex and sleep and heat and cold and physical exertion by discourses like the one which follows.

143. BaseballTao - The Object Of Baseball Is To Return Home. John W. Hart III's poetic blending of baseball, the ancient Chinese philosophy of the Tao, and inspired illustrations with a bit of humor. http://baseballtao.com/

Thank you for exploring our creation. Please understand we are growing and nurturing this site. Suggestions are welcome. Return soon. Each day brings new experiences to enjoy. The BaseballTao Team Return Home Poem of the Day Books Comments Stores ... Links In these troubled times we must remember our civility. We live in a community to share our strengths and bolster our weaknesses. When we truly support each other we will thrive. Baseball is bigger than all of us. Baseball teaches respect for players, teams, and families. Baseball teaches cooperation and responsibility. Baseball can show us the way to experience a fulfilling life. "Baseball According to Lao-Tzu" , a new book by John W. Hart III, is a poetic blending of baseball, the ancient Chinese philosophy of the Tao, and inspired illustrations that present wisdom with a bit of humor in this gentle guide to life. Order Now Poem of the Day Books Comments ... Links e-mail links to contact us regarding: Baseball Philosophy Reviews Book Orders , and our Web Site

144. Under Construction Please Return Later Sales of Mayan hammocks and information on Maya Sutra the teachings of ancient Mayan spiritual techniques and philosophy. http://www.maya-sutra.com

Under Construction Please return later

145. Ancient Greek Skepticism [Internet Encyclopedia Of Philosophy] An article on skepticism in ancient Greece from the Internet Encyclopedia of philosophy, by Harald Thorsrud of Temple University. http://www.utm.edu/research/iep/s/skepanci.htm

Ancient Greek Skepticism Although all skeptics in some way cast doubt on our ability to gain knowledge of the world, the term 'skeptic' actually covers a wide range of attitudes and positions. There are skeptical elements in the views of many Greek philosophers, but the term 'ancient skeptic' is generally applied either to a member of Plato's Academy during its skeptical period (c. 273 B.C.E to 1st century B.C.E.) or to a follower of Pyrrho (c. 365 to 270 B.C.E.). Pyrrhonian skepticism flourished from Aenesidemus' revival (1st century B.C.E.) to Sextus Empiricus, who lived sometime in the 2nd or 3rd centuries C.E. Thus the two main varieties of ancient skepticism: Academic and Pyrrhonian. The term 'skeptic' derives from a Greek noun, skepsis, which means examination, inquiry, consideration. What leads most skeptics to begin to examine and then eventually to be at a loss as to what one should believe, if anything, is the fact of widespread and seemingly endless disagreement regarding issues of fundamental importance. Many of the arguments of the ancient skeptics were developed in response to the positive views of their contemporaries, especially the Stoics and Epicureans,

146. Epicurus And Epicurean Philosophy Offers ancient texts, history, bibliography, related links, and email discussion group. http://www.epicurus.net/

Welcome . . . The Ancient Epicurean Texts . . . Epicurus (341-270 B.C.) Principal Doctrines Vatican Sayings Letter to Menoeceus Letter to Herodotus ... Last Will Diogenes Laertius (early 200s A.D., biographer of Epicurus) Lives of Eminent Philosophers, book X Lucretius (99-55 B.C., Epicurean poet) De Rerum Natura On the Nature of Things Cicero (106-43 B.C., critic who recorded Epicurean monologues) De Finibus On Ends De Natura Deorum On the Nature of the Gods , selection) Horace (65-8 B.C., poet) Letter to Tibullus Lucian (120-190 A.D., satirist) Alexander the Oracle-Monger Zeus Rants Cornelius Nepos (100-25 B.C., biographer) De Latinis Historicis - Atticus Plutarch (early 100s A.D., Platonist critic) Adversus Colotem Against Colotes , selection) Lactantius (early 300s A.D., Christian critic) The Divine Institutes On the Anger of God (selection) Exploring Epicureanism . . . What are the beliefs of Epicureans? [Under Construction] How is Epicureanism related to other Greek philosophies? [Under Construction] What is the history of Epicurus and his school? Where can I find books and on-line resources about Epicureanism? Finding Epicureans . . . An Epicurean wedding If you are interested in discussing Epicureanism and related subjects

147. Www.JinShinJyutsu.com - Welcome To Jin Shin Jyutsu.Inc! Physiophilosophy and ancient art of harmonizing the life energy in the body. Classes and training in Scottsdale, Arizona. http://www.jinshinjyutsu.com/

The Art of Jin Shin Jyutsu Training Schedules Looking Ahead ... International Offices This site will look much better in a browser that supports web standards , but it is accessible to any browser or Internet device. Please upgrade your web browser. Here is a list of the latest browsers which show the website properly: For PC Computers: Microsoft Internet Explorer 6.0 (~12.0 Mb Download) Download Page (26.0 Mb Download) Download Page Opera 6.04 (3.4 Mb Download) Download Page For Mac Computers: Microsoft Internet Explorer 5.21 for OS X (7.2 Mb Download) Download Page Microsoft Internet Explorer 5.15 for OS 8.1 - 9.x (5.4 Mb - 7.4 Mb Download) Download Page (36.0 Mb Download) Download Page Opera 5.0 (2.1 Mb Download) Download Page For Unix Systems: (26.0 Mb Download) Download Page Opera 6.02 (4.6 Mb Download) Download Page (If you are using America Online , you can connect through AOL, minimize it, and run your new browser. You can then use the browser to surf the internet through your AOL connection.) After installing the new browser, just type in www.jinshinjyutsu.com and start surfing!

148. THE MILESIANS An online quiz for students being introduced to the teachings of these ancient Ionians. http://academic.uofs.edu/faculty/pm363/apology/milesi00.htm

THE MILESIANS Directions: Read to the bottom (scrolling This is an exercise set of problems on The Milesians, Chapter Three of Mohr's Introduction to Philosophy. menu This set has 20 problems.

149. Aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa A religious and educational charity, (Reg.No.801629,) established on 7th October, 1987CE to promote the ancient teachings and philosophy of Odin. Located in London, England. http://www.gippeswic.demon.co.uk/odinshof.html

ODINSHOF: THE WAY OF THE RAVEN. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: * Presenting the Northern Tradition to the general public, including those familiar with paganism; * Working with the Olgar Trust to purchase woodland for conservation and ritual use; * Training Heathen priests and priestesses. THE FIRST DECADE The Odinshof is a religious and educational charity, (Reg.No.801629,) established on 7th October, 1987CE to promote the ancient teachings and philosophy of Odin. As a Heathen organisation the Odinshof acknowledges all other Germano-Celtic deities of old Europe. To those who regard Odin, (Old English ‘Woden,’ ) as a historical character, he probably lived around 250BCE as the head of a Transylvanian Celtic tribe in an area that was called Tylis. Some of Odin’s teachings can be found as part of an ancient poem called the Havamal, meaning the ‘sayings of the High One’ (Odin.) It was written down about 700 years ago by an Icelandic scribe and a copy was preserved in Denmark. (It was later returned to Iceland.) It records a much earlier oral tradition. Odin is credited with finding the magical Futhark runic ‘alphabet.’ Runes are far older than the period when he lived on earth, but 250BCE seems to be the approximate date when they passed to Germanic speaking tribes. Wednesday and the place ‘Wednesbury’ are named after Woden. Nine days after the Constitution of the Odinshof was signed by co-founders Martyn Taylor and John Broughton in Grimston, Norfolk, the great hurricane swept across Britain on its way to the North Pole. Nine is a particularly magical number for followers of Odin ('Odinists,') as it is recorded in part of the Havamal that he hung on the world tree for nine long nights to discover the secrets of the runes. Since the founding days the Odinshof has evolved considerably from a group of friends to become a registered charity.

150. SAGP Founded in 1953 and based at Binghamton University. The society sponsors sessions with the annual meetings of the American Philosophical Association, Society for the Study of Islamic philosophy and Science, and the International Association for Greek philosophy. Site contains membership information and conference dates, locations, and submission deadlines. http://sagp.binghamton.edu/

151. Lycoming College Program In Archaeology And Culture Of The Ancient Near East A multidisciplinary program of Anthropology, Art, Economics and Geology to History, Literature, philosophy, Political Science, and Religion. Offers ancient Greek and Hebrew. http://www.lycoming.edu/arch/

What's New? Campus Tour Search Lycoming Directories ... Snowden Library Archaeology and Culture of the Ancient Near East (formerly "Near Eastern Culture and Archaeology") Explore the cradle of western civilization through travel, digs, and a menu of courses that combines the resources of several departments from Anthropology, Art, Economics and Geology to History, Literature, Philosophy, Political Science, and Religion. In addition, Lycoming is one of a few schools its size to offer both ancient Hebrew and ancient Greek for those who plan advanced study in this area. Why Archaeology? The Archaeology Program at Lycoming College Archaeological Digs in the Near East ... (ANE) Check out the info about our new Minor in Archaeology! Interest in Classical and Greco-Roman Archaeology? Interest in Egyptology? Interest in American Archaeology? Courses (as listed in the Catalog under each Department) Anthropology Art and Art History History Religion and Biblical Languages Resources for Biblical Languages (Hebrew, Greek)

152. The Academy [Internet Encyclopedia Of Philosophy] Brief article on the development of this ancient school. http://www.utm.edu/research/iep/a/academy.htm

The Academy Philosophical institution founded by Plato, which advocated skepticism in succeeding generations. The Academy ( Academia Academia is frequently used in philosophical writings, especially in Cicero, as indicative of the Academic sect. Sextus Empiricus enumerates five divisions of the followers of Plato. He makes Plato founder of the first Academy, Aresilaus of the second, Carneades of the third, Philo and Charmides of the fourth, Antiochus of the fifth. Cicero recognizes only two Academies, the Old and the New, and makes the latter commence as above with Arcesilaus. In enumerating those of the old Academy, he begins, not with Plato, but Democritus, and gives them in the following order: Democritus, Anaxagoras, Empedocles, Parmenides, Xenophanes, Socrates, Plato, Speusippus, Xenocrates, Polemo, Crates, and Crantor. In the New, or Younger, he mentions Arcesilaus, Lacydes, Evander, Hegesinus, Carneades, Clitomachus, and Philo ( Acad. Quaest. iv. 5). If we follow the distinction laid down by Diogenes, and alluded to above, the Old Academy will consist of those followers of Plato who taught the doctrine of their master without mixture or corruption; the Middle will embrace those who, by certain innovations in the manner of philosophizing, in some measure receded from the Platonic system without entirely deserting it; while the New will begin with those who relinquished the more questionable tenets of Arcesilaus, and restored, in come measure, the declining reputation of the Platonic school.

153. Ancient History Sourcebook: George Long: Philosophy Of Antoninus Essay on Antonious and Stoicism in general. http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/ancient/long-anton.html

Back to Ancient History Sourcebook Ancient History Sourcebook: George Long: Philosophy Of Antoninus Stoic Philosophy Part I. and the poets Persius and Juvenal, whose energetic language and manly thoughts may be as instructive to us now as they might have been to their contemporaries. Persius died under Nero's bloody reign, but Juvenal had the good fortune to survive the tyrant Domitian and to see the better times of Nerva, Trajan, and Hadrian. His best precepts are derived from the Stoic school, and they are enforced in his finest verses by the unrivalled vigour of the Latin language. [Footnote 1: I have omitted Seneca, Nero's preceptor. He was in a sense a Stoic and he has said many good things in a very fine way. There is a judgment of Gellius (XII. 2) on Seneca, or rather a statement of what some people thought of his philosophy, and it is not favourable. His writings and his life must be taken together, and I have nothing more to say of him here. The reader will find a notice of Seneca and his philosophy in "Seekers after God," by the Rev. F. W. Farrar. Macmillan and Co.] [Footnote 2: Ribbeck has laboured to prove that those Satires which contain philosophical precepts are not the work of the real, but of a false Juvenal, a Declamator. Still the verses exist, and were written by somebody who was acquainted with the Stoic doctrines.]

154. World Wide School Library - Philosophy-Ancient, Medieval & Oriental Philosophy philosophyancient, Medieval Oriental philosophy. Alexandria and her Schools by Charles Kingsley. These Lectures were delivered http://www.worldwideschool.org/library/catalogs/bysubject-phil-ancientmedievalor

Alexandria and her Schools by Charles Kingsley These Lectures were delivered at the Philosophical Institution, Edinburgh, in February, 1854, at the commencement of the Crimean War. The Book of Tea by Kakuzo Okakura Charmides and Other Poems by Plato (tr. B. Jowett) Translated Into English with Analyses and Introductions Critias by Plato (tr. Benjamin Jowett) The Golden Sayings of Epictetus by Epictetus Laches by Plato (tr. B. Jowett) Lysis by Plato (tr. B. Jowett) Philebus by Plato (tr. B. Jowett) The Republic by Plato (trans. by Benjamin Jowett) Sophist by Plato (tr. B. Jowett) The Tao Teh King by Lao Tzu (translated by James Legge) Timaeus by Plato (tr. B. Jowett) Search this category for: Use Free-Text Query Tips for searching

155. Walk Like An Egyptian With Horoscope FAQ and glossary from Ramona Louise Wheeler, author of a guide to the religion and philosophy of ancient Egypt under this title. http://members.aol.com/tokapu/Walkle01.htm

Main htmlAdWH('7008303', '234', '60'); The Daily Horus Scope The Calendar Of Ancient Egypt Ramona Louise Wheeler and Diana Janeen Pierce Ma'aty Divine Reality Gods And The Nature Of The Divine The Complete Table Of Contents Site Map ... available for preview. NEW! The Ancient Egyptian Horoscope Available at last in print! Now you can have the entire Egyptian Horoscope at your fingertips. Order your copy today from Wildside Press. Introduction To The Calendar The Horoscope of Ancient Egypt - full text and omens. The Pierce Festivals Calendar ... Order the book from Barnes and Noble ** NEW!! The Sacred Icons Of Ancient Egypt * sculpture by Diana Janeen Pierce The daily calendar of ancient Egypt is available for the first time complete, with lucky and unlucky hours, omens, and invocations listed together with sacred festivals and rituals. The horoscope is arranged for easy reference, with the ancient Egyptian names for the season, month and day overlaid on our modern calendar. The “Horoscope At A Glance” also lists daily lucky and unlucky signs in a separate section. An in-depth discussion of the belief system behind the calendar is included as well, introducing the gods and goddesses invoked

156. Boethius, C.475-524 A brief biography with a selection from The Consolation of philosophy. http://www.historyguide.org/ancient/boethius.html

Boethius, c.475-524 Anicius Manlius Severinus, better known as Boethius, was born of a consular family and studied philosophy, mathematics and poetry. Soon after 500 he was appointed a court minister by the Gothic king, Theodoric, now ruling Italy from Rome. Boethius was made consul in 510, and his two sons shared the same honor in 522. But his boldness brought down upon his head the vengeance of those whom he had checked in their oppressions. He was accused of treasonable designs against Theodoric, was stripped of his dignities, and, after imprisonment and torture at Pavia, was executed in 524. During his imprisonment he wrote his famous De Consolatione Philosophiae (a selection of which follows), in which the author holds a conversation with Philosophy, who shows him the mutability of all earthly fortune, and the insecurity of everything save virtue. The work, which in style imitates the best Augustan models, is theistic in its language, but affords no indication that that its writer was in fact a Christian. Boethius was the last great Roman writer who understood Greek and his translations of Aristotle were long the only means of studying Greek philosophy. His manuals on arithmetic, astronomy, geometry and music were generally used in medieval schools. The following selection is intended to give you a brief "taste" of Boethius. With any luck, you will find yourself buried in the world of the

157. CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Nominalism, Realism, Conceptualism These terms are used to designate the theories that have been proposed as solutions of one of the most important questions in philosophy, often referred to as the problem of universals, which, while it was a favourite subject for discussion in ancient times, and especially in the Middle Ages, is still prominent in modern and contemporary philosophy. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/11090c.htm

Home Encyclopedia Summa Fathers ... N > Nominalism, Realism, Conceptualism A B C D ... Z Nominalism, Realism, Conceptualism These terms are used to designate the theories that have been proposed as solutions of one of the most important questions in philosophy, often referred to as the problem of universals , which, while it was a favourite subject for discussion in ancient times, and especially in the Middle Ages , is still prominent in modern and contemporary philosophy. We propose to discuss in this article: I. The Nature of the Problem and the Suggested Solutions; II. The Principal Historic Forms of Nominalism, Realism, and Conceptualism; III. The Claims of Moderate Realism. I. THE PROBLEM AND THE SUGGESTED SOLUTIONS The problem of universals is the problem of the correspondence of our intellectual concepts to things existing outside our intellect. Whereas external objects are determinate, individual, formally exclusive of all multiplicity, our concepts or mental representations offer us the realities independent of all particular determination; they are abstract and universal. The question, therefore, is to discover to what extent the concepts of the mind correspond to the things they represent; how the flower we conceive represents the flower existing in nature; in a word, whether our ideas are faithful and have an objective reality. Four solutions of the problem have been offered. It is necessary to describe them carefully, as writers do not always use the terms in the same sense.

158. Consent Form philosophy and ancient religion, including information about divine sexuality. http://www.sexualecstasy.org

Welcome to SexualEcstasy.org... Notice This website discusses human sexuality in an educational, open, and frank manner and contains explicit material. By entering this site, you agree as follows: You are at least 18 years of age and have reached the age of majority in your country of residence, and you are not offended by such material. You will take steps to ensure individuals of an inappropriate age are not exposed to content on this website. You are not located in a state or country where viewing such content is illegal.

159. Sacred Space Yoga Sanctuary Offers Trika/Kundalini Yoga and ancient tantric practice. Includes history and explanation of each Yoga philosophy offered. http://sacredspaceyogasanctuary.com/

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160. Classics Library Collection covers Greek and Latin literature, philology, mythology, paleography, textual criticism, and epigraphy, as well as ancient history, law, religion, philosophy, science, archaeology and art. http://www.library.yale.edu/htmldocs/classics.html

Classics Library 344 College Street Phelps Hall, 5th floor NOTE: The Classics Library will close for renovations on 15 May 2000. It will reopen at the beginning of the next academic year. The Classics Department and the office of the library will relocate to 451 College Street until completion of the work. In 1892 the Greek and Latin Clubs of Yale University formed a Classics Library, which has been located in Phelps Hall since 1896. The collection covers Greek and Latin literature, philology, mythology, paleography, textual criticism, and epigraphy, as well as ancient history, law, religion, philosophy, science, archaeology and art. There is also a reference collection containing dictionaries, encyclopedias, manuals, and bibliographies for Greek and Latin studies. An Ibycus computer workstation is located in the library, enabling the patrons to do multilingual word and text processing using the Latin, Greek, Hebrew and Coptic alphabets. There is no copying equipment in the Library, but patrons may obtain permission to take materials to the Classics Department Office to copy them. All materials are otherwise non-circulating. Hours: Monday-Thursday, 8:30 a.m.-5:00 p.m., 7:00 p.m.-9:00 p.m. Friday, 8:30 a.m.-5:00 p.m. Sunday, 7:00 p.m.-9:00 p.m.

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