61. Oxfam: Another America Is Possible -- Coordinator Of The Indigenous Communities indigenous organizations of the nine countries that share the amazon basin. devastate forests and shatter the possibilities of indigenous peoples to sustain http://www.oxfamamerica.org/art3808.html

Organizing/Advocacy Tools Action Alerts Advocacy for Social Justice More Information ... Go to advanced search Join 4,000,000 voices to Make Trade Fair! About Oxfam Donate Emergency Relief Global Programs Get Involved Oxfam Int'l ... Advocacy/Campaigns Another America is Possible Coordinator of the Indigenous Communities of the Amazon (COICA) By: Thea Gelbspan/Oxfam COICA, another longstanding partner of Oxfam America, is the coordinating body of national indigenous organizations of the nine countries that share the Amazon basin. The organization is a principal representative of the interests and concerns of Amazonian indigenous organizations. Their General Coordinator, Sebastiao Manchinieri, explains that the FTAA will devastate forests and shatter the possibilities of indigenous peoples to sustain their own forms of life, and force them to engage with the global economy before they are ready. The response from Amazonian indigenous organizations, says Manchinieri, should be based on a recognition that they need to manage their own financial resources and economies, to pursue their own visions of self determination and cultural integrity. Only by controlling how the global economy relates to their territories and communities, and by shaping the economy to fit indigenous social and political needs, can the native peoples of the Amazon pursue their alternative visions of development. Unless otherwise indicated, the copy and photographs contained in this site may be utilized for educational and non-commercial purposes.

62. Welcome To The I Do Foundation - Non Profit Summary in support of amazonian indigenous peoples by mobilizing Equips amazonian indigenous groups with media skills of proposed megaprojects in the amazon basin. http://www.idofoundation.org/cgi-bin/nposummary.cgi?NonProfitID=79

63. Leaders Of South American Indigenous Peoples Challenge US Ayahuasca Patent Leaders of South American indigenous peoples Challenge US Ayahuasca Patent 4/9 Representatives of the indigenous Organizations of the amazon basin came to http://www.stopthedrugwar.org/chronicle/086/ayahuasca.shtml

Leaders of South American Indigenous Peoples Challenge US Ayahuasca Patent Marc Brandl, brandl@drcnet.org Ayahuasca, a hallucinogenic plant used for thousands of years in tribal ceremonies in many regions of South America, has moved from the hogan to the courtroom with a challenge to a 1986 patent on the sacred plant. Representatives of the Indigenous Organizations of the Amazon Basin came to Washington recently to challenge the validity of a patent on the plant awarded to a California pharmaceutical entrepreneur, Loren Miller. Tribal leaders say they found out about the patent in 1994 and claim it is a violation of their religion and culture. Experts are troubled by the practice of seeking out plants sacred to indigenous cultures for commercial use, known as "bioprospecting." "We find it very troubling when an individual basically claims something as a new creation when it was derived from an indigenous populations culture and history," said Roy Taylor, a spokesman for the North American Indigenous Peoples BioDiversity Project. "Where are the profits going that may be derived from the bringing a patented substance to market? At a minimum, agreements should be in place that are going to give some of these profits back to the local indigenous population. But it should always be up to the these populations whether they want to give up these substances in the first place." Jim Miller, head of applied research at the Missouri Botanical Garden, voiced frustration at both sides. "I understand and am sensitive to the concerns of indigenous groups in South America that they have a sense of ownership over a plant. But this was very clearly a flawed patent. The owner of the patent realized it was flawed and never used it. It strikes me as a pointless exercise to challenge a patent that will expire in two years." Miller, who is unrelated to the California entrepreneur, said he has visited South America looking for plants with therapeutic potential.

64. BBC News | AMERICAS | Roads Lead To Amazon 'destruction' hydroelectric projects and housing in the amazon basin. obsession with saving the amazon forest represents effect of denying indigenous peoples economic growth http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/world/americas/newsid_1125000/1125419.stm

low graphics version feedback help You are in: World: Americas Front Page World ... AudioVideo Brazilian Carlos Perez, a conservation scientist "We could see the Amazon becoming a major fragmented landscape" real Friday, 19 January, 2001, 09:41 GMT Roads lead to Amazon 'destruction' "Illegal logging and land clearing are rampant" The Amazon forest in Brazil, the world's largest remaining wilderness, could vanish within two decades, a new study reveals. If these development plans go through, we'll lose the largest remaining wilderness on Earth and a huge amount of the world's remaining biodiversity Scott Bergen, Oregon State University According to the journal Science, researchers in the United States used computer models to forecast the impact of a development scheme called "Advance Brazil". Under the scheme, the Brazilian Government expects to spend $40bn over the next seven years on highways, railways, hydroelectric projects and housing in the Amazon basin. If the researchers' estimates are correct, barely five percent of the Amazon will survive as pristine forest by 2020. The rest will be destroyed by logging, infrastructure, oil exploration and new towns. Dozens of Indians live in remote reservations in rainforests Climate change More than two million hectares of the Amazon are currently being cleared every year, and even conservative estimates forecast the clearing rate will continue to rise.

65. CLM-NEWS Colombian Labor Monitor Clm@prairienet.org Today, their population has dwindled to less than 3,000. Plan Colombia is one more reason why the indigenous peoples of the amazon basin face extinction. http://www.prairienet.org/clm/clmnews_files/020121IPS01.html

Colombia Labor Monitor - clm@prairienet.org INTER PRESS SERVICE Monday, 21 January 2002 Indigenous Peoples Decry War and Oil By Kintto Lucas QUITO, Ecuador - Native peoples from nine countries of Latin America and the Caribbean drew up strategies and issued declarations against the anti-drug Plan Colombia, the Colombian civil war and against petroleum and mining activities on their lands, during a weekend meet in the Ecuadorian capital. The indigenous delegates issued a declaration rejecting the implementation of Plan Colombia, the anti-narcotics fight launched by the Andrés Pastrana government with international assistance, within their lands, "because of its environmental, social, cultural and economic effects, and particularly because it is a violation of human rights." They also resolved to withhold political recognition of the peace talks currently under way in Colombia because native peoples "are not directly represented" at the negotiating table, despite the fact that they continually have been victims in the decades- long armed conflict. Another resolution of the two-day conference was to demand compensation and reparations from the governments of the Amazon Basin countries and from oil and mining firms "for the environmental, social and cultural damages caused by petroleum exploitation and mining in indigenous territories."

66. Indigenous Peoples to the exploitation of the primitive jungles of the amazon basin in regards to environment that does not endanger the ethnic continuity of indigenous peoples. http://www.itpcentre.org/legislation/english/brazil-eng.htm

HOME BACK Brazil: The Exploitation of Wood in Indigenous Territories Author: Paulo Celso de Oliveira Pankararu The Statute of the Indian, Law No.6.001/73 reaffirms in article 3, clause g) that "the woodlands that are part of the indigenous patrimony remain subjects to the rules of permanent preservation". Nevertheless, and it is here where the problem is rooted, this law contradicts and alters the arrangement referring to the permanent preservation of woodlands located on indigenous territory, by determining that: "The cutting of wood in indigenous woodlands, considered permanently protected, in accord with Article 3 of the Forestry Code, is dependant on the existence of programs or projects to take advantage of the respective lands in the exploitation of farming, industry or reforestation (Article 46). The prohibitive nature of the exploitation of wood, established in Article 3 of the Forestry Code, becomes more permissive in the Statute as it regulates the extraction of wood on indigenous lands subject to the existence of programs or projects that take advantage of these areas. "It is therefore a question of an alteration based on a new regulation that makes the previous legal precepts incompatible" (Pankararu, 1996, p.3). However, Decree No.1.282/94 subsequently regulated the Forestry Code, especially Article 15 which refers to the exploitation of the primitive jungles of the Amazon Basin in regards to the observation of technical plans and the management established by the Executive Branch. The new decree established the general principles and technical basis for the management of sustainable forestry, including the administration of biodiversity and the rational extraction of available resources. It likewise includes the identification, analysis and the control of the environmental impacts and the process of forest exploitation that minimizes damage to the eco-system.

67. Coalition Letter D. Yturria Coordinating Body for the indigenous peoples of the amazon basin (COICA) **** The http://www.colorado.edu/IBS/EB/PBESR/CASES/BIODIVERSITY/coalition.html

CASE STUDIES Back to Case Study

68. Colombian Human Rights Activists Twice Honored He added The indigenous peoples of the amazon basin represented by COICA believe that the patent holder, Loren Miller, committed an offense against http://colhrnet.igc.org/newsletter/y1999/summer99art/ayahuasca.htm

Amazonian Indians Seek to Revoke U.S. Patent On Sacred Plant, Granted to U.S. Citizen Leaders representing tribes from nine Amazon Basin countries and two traditional Shamans filed a request on March 30 with the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office to revoke a patent issued to a U.S. citizen for an Amazonian rainforest plant. The plant is used for the sacred Ayahuasca ceremony by thousands of indigenous people in the Amazon. The patent was issued in 1986 under a law designed to protect fruit growers who create a "new and distinct" variety. But according to experts, the patented version of the plantBanisterioposis caapigrows naturally throughout the Amazon and was never altered by the patent holder. Ayahuasca is an important cultural and religious symbol for many tribes of the Amazon. Shamans use it as the basis for religious ceremonies. Indigenous leaders compare patenting Ayahuasca to "patenting the Christian cross." The request was brought by the Coordinating Body of Indigenous Organizations of the Amazon Basin (COICA)which coordinates over 400 indigenous groups belonging to nine national federations of Amazon countriesalong with the Coalition for Amazonian Peoples and Their Environment, and the Center for International Environmental Law (CIEL).

69. Colombia Human Rights Network Home Page environment of indigenous and traditional peoples of the amazon basin. ^=. http://colhrnet.igc.org/newitems/july03/csnalert.717.htm

From: Colombian Support Network (CSN) csn@igc.org Urgent Action-Vote of Congress on 2004 Foreign Aid Bill July 17, 2003 The Colombia Support Network (CSN) wishes to encourage you to contact your Members of Congress to advise them to vote against the 2004 Foreign Aid Bill appropriation of $600 million in mostly military aid for Colombia. The bill is scheduled for debate next week in the House of Representatives. We expect an amendment to reduce or cut off aid will be introduced. Since the last vote in the House to cut off or reduce military aid to Colombia lost by only seven votes, a dedicated effort to inform Congressmen and encourage them to vote for an amendment to reduce military aid to Colombia or to convert proposed military aid into aid to victims of drug abuse in this country may succeed. Cooperation between the Colombian military and the police, who receive great quantities of U.S. aid, and illegal paramilitaries continues to be pervasive. We observed paramilitary unit members circulating freely throughout the urban district of Puerto Asis and were advised they even levy and collect taxes there to support themselves. The Inspector General of the Armed Forces, with whom we met, appeared unprepared to deal with these allegations of collaboration between the armed forces of Colombia and the paramilitaries. It is time for the U.S. Government to end its militaristic policy toward Colombia, which has only brought death, destruction, poverty and displacement of hundreds of thousands of Colombians. Indigenous leaders we spoke with told us one of their peoples have gone from 25,000 persons to just 1600 due to application of meaasures.such as those of Plan Colombia, which the U.S. Government and U.S. taxpayers have underwritten.

70. Welcome To The Indigenous Knowledge Programme In the amazon basin, an indigenous community is building a forest garden the Fourth Conference of the Biodiversity Convention, indigenous peoples from around http://www.web.net/~ikp/

The Indigenous Knowledge Programme is an international programme for community-based research and development directed by indigenous peoples. In Sabah, Malaysia, indigenous youth are adapting traditional farming technologies to conserve the soil. In the Amazon basin, an indigenous community is building a forest garden so that future generations will know how to care for the sacred plants of the rainforest. At the Fourth Conference of the Biodiversity Convention, indigenous peoples from around the world came together to convince governments to set up a special working group for dialogue on traditional knowledge issues. Internationally, indigenous peoples are demonstrating that when it comes to protecting and nurturing biological diversity, the solutions are in their hands. CONTINUE Indigenous Knowledge Programme 304-200 Isabella Street, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, K1S 1V7 Phone: +1.613.237.5361 Fax: +1.613.237.1547 Email: ikp@web.net http://www.web.net/~ikp Launched July 1, 1998. Most recently updated July 1, 1998. HOME ABOUT PROJECTS APPLICATIONS ... NEWSLETTER

71. Community Conservation Enterprises A CCE Grant provided support for the efforts of the indigenous peoples of Brazil s amazon basin to gain publicity and additional funding in the United States. http://www.rainforest-alliance.org/programs/cg/united-states.html

About: English Past Recipients Funding Criteria: English Grant Application Forms: English Back to Conservation Programs Back to Our History Community Conservation Enterprises Recipients: United States Stephen Karakashian, Jonathan Collett United States, September 1992 Stephen Karakashian and Jonathan Collett were awarded $500 for the development of an Education Fund. Their fund is still active and they have helped hundreds of local kids. Committee on the International Day of the World's Indigenous People United States, August 1995 The Rainforest Alliance supported the first commemoration of the "International Day of the World's Indigenous People" at the United Nations on August 9, 1995. The event was recorded by UN-TV and also covered by CNN. Amazon Coalition United States, September 1995 A CCE Grant provided support for the efforts of the indigenous peoples of Brazil's Amazon basin to gain publicity and additional funding in the United States. The grant was used to defer expenses for a Guyanan delegate to travel to Amazon Week III, a project that brought several indigenous leaders to the United States where they participated in public seminars and held substantive fundraising meetings with foundation and individual donors. Several leaders also participated in meetings related to the PrepCom meetings for UNCED. The Amazon Coalition United States, November 1995

72. Second International Indigenous Forum On Climate Change Ronald Aloema, Surinam Coordinating Body of indigenous Organizations of the amazon basin (COICA) Organization of indigenous peoples of Surinam (OIS). http://bocs.hu/eco-a-1.htm

Second International Indigenous Forum on Climate Change DECLARATION OF INDIGENOUS PEOPLES ON CLIMATE CHANGE The Hague, November 11-12, 2000 I. PREAMBLE II. CONSIDERATIONS Earth is our Mother. Our special relationship with Earth as stewards, as holders of indigenous knowledge cannot be set aside. Our special relation with her has allowed us to develop for millenia a particular knowledge of the environment that is the foundation of our lifestyles, institutions, spirituality and world view. Therefore, in our philosophies, the Earth is not a commodity, but a sacred space that the Creator has entrusted to us to care for her, this home where all beings live. Our traditional knowledge on sustainable use, conservation and protection of our territories has allowed us to maintain our ecosystems in equilibrium. This role has been recognised at the Earth Summit and is and has been our contribution to the planet's economy and sustainability for the benefit present and future generations. Our cultures, and the territories under our stewardship, are now the last ecological mechanisms remaining in the struggle against climate devastation. All Peoples of the Earth truly owe a debt to Indigenous Peoples for the beneficial role our traditional subsistence economies play in the maintenance of planet's ecology.

73. Data Sheet Introduction Urbanization In The Amazon Basin Can Data Sheet Introduction Urbanization in the amazon basin Can indigenous People Survive? During the colonialization of South America http://ladb.unm.edu/retanet/plans/attachments/urbanization_amazon_basin_handout.

Data Sheet Introduction: Urbanization in the Amazon Basin: Can Indigenous People Survive? During the colonialization of South America, the Spanish and Portuguese left a lasting imprint on the Indian way of life. Never again will indigenous peoples experience life as their predecessors knew it. This is true because the European explorers and colonizers introduced new ways of thinking, and laid claims to the New World itself. I t was a new world, not because it was new to the Europeans, but because the Americas became a place where two distinct, and often times incompatible, cultures collided. Even though they were incompatible, however, they both remained, resulting in a force d "coming together." This blending together reached a new height when the Industrial Revolution took place in Europe during the late 1700s and early 1800s. Not only did Europeans extract resources from the Americas, but they also introduced new technology, new ways of thinking again, and of course, a new type of economy. Since the 1500s to the present day, this cycle has repeated over and over again. Society continues to develop, and more homogenization of traditional culture occurs. Today in the 1990s, we have become extremely advanced, and the groups who have somehow remained out of the "blending" cycle are growing smaller and smaller. How can we preserve the cultures and traditions of indigenous groups, or should we?

74. Brazil/Amazon Basin America which are part of the amazon basin (for example Amanaka a amazon Network; Conselho Indigenista Missionário (CIMI); indigenous Issues on SEJUP http://abyayala.nativeweb.org/brazil/

Home Logout Contact Us Resources for Indigenous Cultures around the World Resources Community Services About Us Resource Center Internet Links Nations Index Geographic Region Index Search the Site ... Top 5 Percent Hosted Resources Hosted Pages NativeLaw News NativeTech Site Information Get your FREE EMAIL @NativeWeb.Net! Community About Us Hosting Information ... Donate to NativeWeb! Brazil/Amazon Basin AMAZONIA: Organizacion indigena critica a gobierno de Brasil The Indianist Policy of the New President of Brazil Film maker Documents Terrorism Against Brazil's Rondonia Indians Xavante Indigenous People Sound Alert re New Amazon Industrial Waterway Scheme (Jan. 1997) (Jan. 1997) Brazilian Indians threaten suicide over loss of their land (June 1994) Nambikwara Request for urgent letter writing in defense of the Nambikwara Indigenous peoples of Sarare' Reserve, Mato Grosso, Brazil (March 1997) Nambikwara Indians attacked by loggers, miners (Dec. 1996) Raposa/Serra do Sol region Threat to Indigenous Lands in Brazil (March 1997) Brazilian gold rush spilling over (February 1997) Brazil justice minister opts to legalize theft in Indian land (Dec. 1996)

75. Sophisticated,Pre-Columbia Civilization Foundin Amazon Basin By the time scientists began studying the indigenous people, the population was sparse The new studies, Heckenberger said, show that the amazon basin once was http://www.able2know.com/forums/about12292.html

Forum Index Home Forums Portal ... Toolbar new Register FAQ Search Log in to check your private messages ... South America Author Message BumbleBeeBoogie Veteran Member Joined: 08 Dec 2002 Posts: 5879 Location: New Mexico, USA Posted: Thu Sep 18, 2003 2:52 pm Post: 366257 - Sophisticated,Pre-Columbia Civilization foundin Amazon Basin Sep 18, 2003 Researchers Find Evidence of Sophisticated, Pre-Columbia Civilization in the Amazon Basin By Paul Recer - The Associated Press WASHINGTON (AP) - The Amazon River basin was not all a pristine, untouched wilderness before Columbus came to the Americas, as was once believed. Researchers have uncovered clusters of extensive settlements linked by wide roads with other communities and surrounded by agricultural developments. The researchers, including some descendants of pre-Columbia tribes that lived along the Amazon, have found evidence of densely settled, well-organized communities with roads, moats and bridges in the Upper Xingu part of the vast tropical region. Michael J. Heckenberger, first author of the study appearing this week in the journal Science, said that the ancestors of the Kuikuro people in the Amazon basin had a "complex and sophisticated" civilization with a population of many thousands during the period before 1492. "These people were not the small mobile bands or simple dispersed populations" that some earlier studies had suggested, he said.

76. Amazon --  Britannica Student Encyclopedia of this California, USbased nonprofit organization, promoting environment conservation and upholding indigenous people’s rights at the amazon basin. http://www.britannica.com/ebi/article?eu=294559&query=amazon river&ct=ebi

77. ""Conservation Of Biodiversity In The Andes And Amazon Basin - Linking Science, Conservation of Biodiversity in the Andes and amazon basin Linking Science, NGOs and indigenous People . Cusco, Peru 24-28 September 2001. http://www.mtnforum.org/calendar/events/0109cbaa.htm

Mountain Forum Calendar- "Conservation of Biodiversity in the Andes and Amazon Basin - Linking Science, NGOs and Indigenous People" Cusco, Peru 24-28 September 2001 Contact: Sigrun Lange Webpage: http://www.inka-ev.de Email: Sigrun.Lange@inka-ev.de First announcement and call for papers and proposals - September 2001: Introduction: This international interdisciplinary congress will deal with the conservation of biodiversity in the Andes and Amazon Basin with focus on the countries Ecuador, Peru and Bolivia. These countries are hosting an enormous cultural and natural diversity. The ecosystems are ranging from deserts to tropical forests. Between the two extremes there is a variety of plant formations: mangroves, lowland forests in the Amazon basin, tropical dry forests, relicts of Andean forests and scrub formations in the Paramo region. Biodiversity reaches its peak in the complex tropical mountain forests on the slopes of the Andes, which were declared as one of the "Biodiversity-Hotspots" world-wide (Nature, Vol. 403, February 2000). But all of the above mentioned ecosystems have in common, that they are threatened by logging, burning, grazing or other land-use activities. Although there is already a lot of knowledge about the importance and vulnerability of these ecosystems, the destruction is going on. The congress will provide a unique opportunity to join different groups being concerned with biodiversity: scientists, environmental organizations and local/indigenous people. The exchange of various viewpoints, requirements and knowledge, as well as the realization of the current deficits could facilitate the development of improved conservation strategies and a better management of the natural resources. Right now, the cooperation of science, NGOs and indigenous peoples is frequently insufficient. NGO representatives often do not know anything about the ongoing research in their working area, whereas indigenous peoples are sometimes not asked when management plans are established to protect special areas. For a long-term protection of biodiversity it is crucial to develop conservation strategies in a joint effort.

78. Amazon Tribes: Isolated By Choice? National Geographic Today tonight In the great amazon River basin lives a community of indigenous people who are virtually invisible to the rest of the world. http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2003/03/0310_030310_invisible1.html

Sign up for our free e-mail newsletter Also see: Today's Top Stories This Story E-mail this story Sponsored in part by Amazon Tribes: Isolated by Choice? John Roach for National Geographic News March 10, 2003 View the Uncontacted People Photo Gallery: Go>> No one knows precisely how many people live in isolation from the industrial-technological world. Many of these people, perhaps thousands, are believed to thrive in the remote stretches of the Amazon River Basin of South America. Anthropologists and indigenous rights groups say evidence for the existence of these remote tribes is heard in stories of contact with other indigenous groups, deduced from abandoned dwellings, and seen by developers planning to extract resources from the forests. The rights groups advocate setting aside lands where the isolated peoples are believed to live, to protect them from the intrusion of developers in the Amazon. "Estimating their numbers is problematical because the only means to find out for sure is to go out and find them and that poses all sorts of problems," said Janet Lloyd, an anthropologist in Northumberland, England. Lloyd works with Amazon Watch, a California-based organization formed to protect indigenous peoples' rights in the face of development pressure from oil and gas companies, loggers, and miners.

79. The Right Livelihood Award -- Recipients -- Evaristo Nugkuag Ikanan/Aidesep (198 Evaristo Nugkuag Ikanan became a leader of the Aguaruna people of Peru and has devoted himself to organising the indigenous people of the amazon basin in order http://www.rightlivelihood.se/recip/ikanan.htm

Evaristo Nugkuag Ikanan/AIDESEP (1986) "...for organising to protect the rights of the indians of the amazon basin." Consejo Aguaruna y Huambisa Jr. Los Mogaburos 245 Dpto. 204 Lima 11, Peru Fax: (51 14) 235.947 Since the European invasion of South America in the 16th century, the indigenous peoples, and especially those of the Amazon, were confronted with various 'civilising' forces which brought the destruction of their lands, resources, cultures and rights, and even individual or mass killings. On the threshold of the 21st century , this reality still continues in different forms, using violent or subtle methods according to the country concerned. In this context, Evaristo Nugkuag Ikanan became a leader of the Aguaruna people of Peru and has devoted himself to organising the indigenous people of the Amazon Basin in order to uphold their human, civil, economic and political rights. In 1977, he was one of the founders of the Aguaruna and Huambisa Council (CAH) which represented 45,000 inhabitants of 140 communities in the tropical forest region. Developing alternative methods of land protection, human development, health care and education, the Council became one of the most effective indigenous organisations in South America.

80. Pay For Destruction , Indigenous People Tell Corporations have brought more poverty and misery to indigenous people. . The vast majority of indigenous leaders, assembled to the rainforests of the amazon basin, hold a http://www.commondreams.org/headlines03/0517-07.htm

Home Newswire About Us Donate ... Archives Headlines Printer Friendly Version E-Mail This Article Published on Saturday, May 17, 2003 by the Inter Press Service 'Pay for Destruction', Indigenous People Tell Corporations by Haider Rizvi UNITED NATIONS - Leaders of the world's 350 million aboriginal people, gathered here to discuss ways to protect their culture and environment, are demanding that multinational corporations accept legal responsibility for policies that destroy indigenous lands and lifestyles. ''Industries on indigenous lands were meant to bring development, economic growth and reduced poverty,'' Victoria Tauli of the Indigenous Peoples Caucus on Sustainable Development told a meeting at the Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues that started this week. ''Rather than bringing development, however, they have brought more poverty and misery to indigenous people.'' The vast majority of indigenous leaders, assembled here from as far as the lush green valleys of the high Himalayas to the rainforests of the Amazon basin, hold a similar view. In meeting after meeting of the two-week annual Forum, they tell countless stories about how oil, gas, lumber and mining projects by multinational business, and in some cases by national governments, continue to pose threats to the survival of their communities. ''For me, the environment is the single largest issue at this Forum, because it is everything,'' says Goodluck Diigbo, president of Partnership for Indigenous Peoples Environment (PIPE), who grew up in Ogoni, Nigeria, a region with a fragile ecosystem.

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