121. Afghanistan Online: Flags Of Afghanistan Current and historical flags by time period. http://www.afghan-web.com/flags/

Flags from Afghanistan Flags below courtesy of Jaume Ollé i Casals Current Flag of Afghanistan (Karzai) Taliban Flag (1996-2001) 1992-2002 Flag (Rabbani Government) 1987-1992 Flag (NajibullahCommunist regime) ... Discount Airfares Our Proud Sponsors ( contact us for sponsorship information): Web Design Services Company Strange but True News Rent To Own Find Vacation Rentals by Owner ... Back

122. BLUEPRINT - Jackpot Afghanistan - Gas And Oil From Central Asia Article in Blue Print Magazine on natural gas and oil from Central Asia. Considers exploitation and transportation and outside interests. http://www.blueprint-magazine.de/oil/oil.html

Oil from Central Asia Jackpot Afghanistan Western nations and their oil companies early focused their attention on the exploitation of oil fields of the Caspian Sea, in particular in Kazakhstan and Azerbaijan. [document 5] The Caspian Basin's geological composition is still poorly researched. Optimistic estimates, based on the proven amount of oil, place the potential reserves at about ten times that much. Not even including extensive natural gas deposits, such a wealth of oil is surpassed only by the Gulf region. The prospect of such enormous energy resources drew many multinational oil companies to a region that had been off limits to foreign investors during seven decades under communism. But the fall of the Soviet Union and the creation of new states around the Caspian Sea reshuffled the cards. To whom would this bonanza fall? Who would control the oil and gas exports? And who would finally "civilize" Afghanistan and use it as a transit passage for Central Asian gas and oil products? The Political Landscape Known as Turkestan under the czars, the whole territory of Central Asia came under Communist control following the Bolshevik Revolution in 1917. After defeating the Basmachi Muslim rebels opposed to communist rule the Soviets carved five separate republics from Turkestan: Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan. When the Soviet Union fell apart in 1991, they became independent countries that reached out to the West, joining NATO's Partnership for Peace and the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe. Russia remains their main economic partner, and millions of ethnic Russians live in Central Asia.

123. Commander Sees At Least Another Year In Afghanistan The commander of American troops expects to need at least one more year to complete the mission, namely to crush the remnants of Al Qaeda and Taliban, and build the foundations of an Afghan national army. New York Times, US (free registration required). http://www10.nytimes.com/2002/06/19/international/asia/19TROO.html

June 19, 2002 International Africa Americas Asia Pacific ... REGISTER NOW. It's Free! Today's News Past Week Past 30 Days Past 90 Days Past Year Since 1996 Commander Sees at Least Another Year in Afghanistan By JAMES DAO AGRAM AIR BASE, Afghanistan, June 18 — The commander of American troops in Afghanistan said today that he expected to need at least one more year to complete his mission here, namely to crush the remnants of Al Qaeda and the Taliban and to build the foundations of an Afghan national army. The commander, Lt. Gen. Dan K. McNeill, said that until those milestones were reached it was unlikely that the United States or its allies would significantly reduce their forces in Afghanistan, which currently number more than 12,000 soldiers, including 7,000 Americans. General McNeill also asserted in an interview here, though, that Afghanistan seemed to be gaining stability faster than had been widely expected, and he suggested that a partial withdrawal of American forces was possible starting next summer if that trend continued. "Certainly you have to believe things are moving in a direction where the Afghans are clearly taking charge of their destiny," he said. "That kind of narrows down the time the coalition will be here."

124. CNN.com - Ashcroft: Attacks Rooted In Afghanistan - October 2, 2001 CNN http://cnn.com/2001/US/10/02/inv.ashcroft.terrorism/index.html

MAIN PAGE WORLD U.S. WEATHER ... ABOUT US/HELP CNN TV what's on show transcripts CNN Headline News CNN International ... askCNN EDITIONS CNN.com Asia CNN.com Europe CNNenEspanol.com CNNArabic.com ... set your edition Languages Spanish Portuguese German Italian Korean Arabic Japanese Time, Inc. Time.com People Fortune EW InStyle Business 2.0 Ashcroft: Attacks rooted in Afghanistan Attorney General John Ashcroft says a worldwide conspiracy rooted in Afghanistan is responsible for the September 11 attacks. WASHINGTON (CNN) Attorney General John Ashcroft said Tuesday a worldwide conspiracy that originated in Afghanistan was responsible for the September 11 attacks on the United States. Ashcroft declined, however, to specify evidence that has been shared with NATO allies. "We believe and believe there is evidence that makes it clear that the roots of this activity were in Afghanistan," Ashcroft said. "And we believe that the branches of the activity not only found their way to the United States, but were present in substantial ways in Europe, and that the activities of the conspirators carried them around the globe." CNN.COM SPECIAL REPORT

125. CNN.com - U.S. Forces Search, Destroy Afghanistan Caves - April 7, 2002 CNN http://cnn.com/2002/WORLD/asiapcf/central/04/06/ret.afghan.mission/index.html

MAIN PAGE WORLD U.S. WEATHER ... ABOUT US/HELP CNN TV what's on show transcripts CNN Headline News CNN International EDITIONS CNN.com Asia CNN.com Europe CNNenEspanol.com CNNArabic.com ... set your edition Languages Spanish Portuguese German Italian Korean Arabic Japanese Time, Inc. Time.com People Fortune EW InStyle Business 2.0 COMPLETE COVERAGE FRONT LINES AMERICA AT HOME U.S. forces search, destroy Afghanistan caves Infantry soldiers from the U.S. Army's 101st Airborne Division search through items removed from caves used by Taliban and al Qaeda forces. KANDAHAR, Afghanistan (CNN) Nearly 400 U.S. troops returned Saturday from searching and destroying caves formerly used by al Qaeda and Taliban forces in Afghanistan. The mission, called Operation Mountain Lion, is continuing, a Pentagon official said Sunday. The operation, which began Monday, involved three companies from the 101st Airborne Division, who searched caves in the Zawar Kili region of Paktia province to investigate intelligence reports that Taliban and al Qaeda forces may have slipped over the border into Pakistan, about a mile away. CNN NewsPass VIDEO CNN's Ryan Chilcote reports on the search-and-destroy mission in the mountains of Afghanistan (April 6) Play video EXTRA INFORMATION Images from Operation Mountain Lion RESOURCES On the Scene: Troops hoped to find al Qaeda The forces have encountered no opposition during their first large-scale offensive since Operation Anaconda in March. No casualties have been reported.

126. CNN.com - Attacks Rock Afghanistan - September 5, 2002 CNN http://cnn.com/2002/WORLD/asiapcf/central/09/05/afghan.assassination.attempt/ind

MAIN PAGE WORLD U.S. WEATHER ... ABOUT US/HELP CNN TV what's on show transcripts CNN Headline News CNN International EDITIONS CNN.com Asia CNN.com Europe CNNenEspanol.com CNNArabic.com ... set your edition Languages Spanish Portuguese German Italian Korean Arabic Japanese Time, Inc. Time.com People Fortune EW InStyle Business 2.0 Attacks rock Afghanistan Sherzai, left, and Karzai walk through crowd before Thursday's shooting attack. KANDAHAR, Afghanistan (CNN) New fears of political instability are shaking Afghanistan after an assassination attempt on the president and two car bomb attacks on the capital city. President Hamid Karzai escaped Thursday's attack by a lone gunman wearing the uniform of the new Afghan army. Witnesses reported hearing dozens of shots in an exchange that left the gunman and one of the president's bodyguards dead and Kandahar Gov. Gul Agha Sherzai and a U.S. Special Forces soldier lightly wounded. A news photograph of the scene showed three bodies on the ground after the clash. The shooting in Kandahar happened hours after two explosions rocked the center of the Afghan capital, Kabul, killing at least 26 people and injuring 150 others. ( Full story Speaking to reporters about the failed assassination attempt, Afghan Foreign Minister Dr. Abdullah said that Karzai was leaving the governor's house when a uniformed, armed person appeared in front of their car and opened fire.

127. CNN.com - Quake Shakes Afghanistan Capital - March 3, 2002 CNN http://cnn.com/2002/WORLD/asiapcf/central/03/03/afghanistan.earthquake/index.htm

MAIN PAGE WORLD U.S. WEATHER ... ABOUT US/HELP CNN TV what's on show transcripts CNN Headline News CNN International EDITIONS CNN.com Asia CNN.com Europe CNNenEspanol.com CNNArabic.com ... set your edition Languages Spanish Portuguese German Italian Korean Arabic Japanese Time, Inc. Time.com People Fortune EW InStyle Business 2.0 Quake shakes Afghanistan capital Alex Quade CNN KABUL, Afghanistan (CNN) An earthquake shook the capital Sunday afternoon, causing damage and leaving seven people with serious injuries. There were no immediate reports of deaths. The quake, which struck at 4:30 p.m. (7 a.m. EST), was felt at Bagram Air Base, about 30 miles away, and as far away as India. A spokesman for the U.S. Geological Survey in Golden, Colorado, said the earthquake had a magnitude of 7.2, with an epicenter 45 miles south, south-west of Feyzabad, Afghanistan. Bruce Presgrave said the strong earthquake caused minimal damage because it originated 121 miles below the earth's surface. The International Committee of the Red Cross said it had received no reports of casualties. The earthquake, which lasted about a minute, destroyed 14 houses 12 in the western part of the city, two others in the north of town, according to Kabul Radio. Twelve additional houses were seriously damaged in other parts of the city.

128. 1st Stop For Travellers - TravelGIS.com A travel guide for the country. http://www.travelgis.com/af/

Home Geocoding Interactive Map Free Listing ... SHOPPING MALL Select Category Auto Baby Beauty Books Business Clothing Collectibles Computer Software Electronics Furniture Garden Home Needs Music Outdoor Living Pet Care Shoes Travel GIS/Digital Maps GPS Maps Italian Bracelet Travel Supplies Discounts Legal Tips Insurance Quotes Search the Site GLOBAL CHOICES SELECT A COUNTRY HERE! The World Afghanistan Albania Algeria American Samoa Andorra Angola Anguilla Antarctica Antigua and Barbuda Arctic Ocean Argentina Armenia Aruba Ashmore/Cartier Islands Atlantic Ocean Australia Austria Azerbaijan Bahamas, The Bahrain Baker Island Bangladesh Barbados Bassas da India Belarus Belgium Belize Benin Bermuda Bhutan Bolivia Bosnia and Herzegovina Botswana Bouvet Island Brazil British Indian Ocean Ter. British Virgin Islands Brunei Bulgaria Burkina Faso Burma Burundi Cambodia Cameroon Canada Cape Verde Cayman Islands Central African Republic Chad Chile China Christmas Island Clipperton Island Cocos (Keeling) Islands Colombia Comoros Congo (Democratic) Congo Cook Islands Coral Sea Islands Costa Rica Cote d'Ivoire Croatia Cuba Cyprus Czech Republic Denmark Djibouti Dominica Dominican Republic Ecuador Egypt El Salvador Equatorial Guinea Eritrea Estonia Ethiopia Europa Island Falkland Islands Faroe Islands Fiji Finland France French Guiana French Polynesia French Southern/Antarctic Gambia, The

129. Ethnic Fighting Erupts In Afghanistan CNN http://cnn.com/2002/WORLD/asiapcf/south/08/02/pakistan.afghan.warlords.reut/inde

130. Sports Played In Afghanistan Information about the Afghan national sport Buzkashi and other popular sports. http://walidsalehi.tripod.com/sports.htm

var cm_role = "live" var cm_host = "tripod.lycos.com" var cm_taxid = "/memberembedded" Check out the NEW Hotbot Tell me when this page is updated Sports played in Afghanistan The National Sport of Afghanistan (Buzkashi) Other Popular Sports Played in Afghanistan Photos: Body Building Clubs in war torn Kabul

131. La Repubblica/speciale: Attacco All'Afghanistan Le Cronache Del Conflitto Cronache del conflitto. http://www.repubblica.it/online/speciale/attaccousa/sesto/sesto.html

Trova Scrivi Cronaca Politica ... Cinema: le recensioni Attacco all'Afghanistan Le cronache del conflitto LONDRA, 40 TERRORISTI PRONTI A COLPIRE (28 dicembre 2001) MARINE USA IN PAKISTAN A CACCIA DI BIN LADEN (28 dicembre 2001) BIN LADEN NELL'ULTIMO VIDEO: "LA FINE DELL'AMERICA è VICINA" (27 dicembre 2001) REID AVREBBE UN COMPLICE E FAREBBE PARTE DI AL QAEDA (26 dicembre 2001) "L'ESPLOSIVO NELLE SCARPE? UNA NUOVA TATTICA TERRORISTICA" (26 dicembre 2001) KANDAHAR, TROVATO L'ARSENALE DELLE ARMI CHIMICHE DI BIN LADEN (24 dicembre 2001) IL KAMIKAZE DAVANTI AL GIUDICE NELLE SCARPE AVEVA PENTRITE (24 dicembre 2001) IL KAMIKAZE DEL PARIGI-MIAMI SOSTIENE DI ESSERE CINGALESE (23 dicembre 2001) PASSEGGERI BLOCCANO UN KAMIKAZE IN AEREO (23 dicembre 2001) LA RETE ITALIANA DI AL QAEDA PRESO IN BELGIO PRESUNTO CAPO (19 dicembre 2001) CACCIA A BIN LADEN LA VOCE COME GUIDA (15 dicembre 2001) COMMANDOS AMERICANI NELLE CAVERNE DI TORA BORA (15 dicembre 2001) MARTINO: "PARTONO DOPO NATALE I SOLDATI ITALIANI DELLA PACE" (15 dicembre 2001) TORA BORA, FUGA TRA LE BOMBE

132. Telegraph | News | Afghanistan Resistance Leader Feared Dead In Blast Front spokesmen denied that he had died and accused the Taliban, the wanted Saudi terrorist Osama bin Laden and Pakistan of planning the assassination attempt. From Lahore. Daily Telegraph, UK. http://news.telegraph.co.uk/news/main.jhtml?xml=/news/2001/09/11/wmass11.xml

133. WHO Afghanistan Recent news, reports, statistics and other documents focusing on the health situation html, pdf or docfiles. http://www.who.int/disasters/country.cfm?countryID=1&DocType=7

134. GUIDE TO LAW ONLINE: Afghanistan Provides links for documents, for information about jurisdiction in the country and related issues. http://www.loc.gov/law/guide/afghanistan.html

Law Library of Congress Global Legal Information Network Library of Congress Guide to Law Online ... Index Afghanistan Transitional I slamic State of Afghanistan Dowlat-e Eslami-ye Afghanestan Constitution Executive Judicial Legislative ... General Sources (includes LC Portals: Afghanistan CONSTITUTION Afghanistan Embassy: Constitution of Afghanistan includes links in PDF to both the Pashtu/Dari constitution and an English translation Afghan Constitutions (Online Center for Afghan Studies via Internet Archive Wayback Machine) June 3, 2001 pages archived by the Internet Archive Wayback Machine; includes a description of previous constitutions; scanned images of constitution from 1964, 1976 and others, with a summary in English for the Communist Era Constitution Afghanistan Law: Constitution, Government, and Legislation (JURIST/University of Pittsburgh School of Law) constitutional summary with relevant links History: Constitutions of the Past (Afghanistan Online) constitutions of 1923, 1963, 1976, 1987, and 1990; in English

135. CNN.com - Pentagon Denies Its Bombs Hit Village - December 1, 2001 CNN http://cnn.com/2001/US/12/01/gen.war.against.terror/index.html

MAIN PAGE WORLD U.S. WEATHER ... ABOUT US/HELP CNN TV what's on show transcripts CNN Headline News CNN International ... askCNN EDITIONS CNN.com Asia CNN.com Europe CNNenEspanol.com CNNArabic.com ... set your edition Languages Spanish Portuguese German Italian Korean Arabic Japanese Time, Inc. Time.com People Fortune EW InStyle Business 2.0 COMPLETE COVERAGE FRONT LINES AMERICA AT HOME Pentagon denies its bombs hit village Local security sources say this man was injured in a U.S. bombing raid. (CNN) - The U.S. military officially denied reports Saturday that bombs from overnight U.S. airstrikes killed dozens of civilians in two villages in eastern Afghanistan. The regional security chief for the Nangarhar province had said 50 civilians were killed and at least five others were wounded when bombs landed in Talkhel and Balut, near Tora Bora, which is believed to be an al Qaeda base. But Maj. Brad Lowell, a spokesman for the U.S. Central Command, said the planes were attacking a cave and tunnel complex. "We've reviewed all means available," Lowell said. "We had good imagery on these. We saw the weapons hit their targets, which were cave and tunnel systems. There were no buildings in view to depict or suggest residential areas." Lowell would not say specifically what means were used. In the past, the Pentagon has used nose cone video and video from guided weapons for analysis. He said U.S. warplanes conducted bombing runs early Friday morning.

136. Killer Gunships Deployed In Afghanistan Radio Netherlands Report on the deployment of AC130s to afghanistan. http://www.rnw.nl/hotspots/html/afghanistan011019.html

Bahasa Indonesia Nederlands English Español Português Start Hot Spots Hot Spots links Archive News ... Press Review Archive Friday, 19 October, 2001 Killer Gunships Used in Afghanistan by our Foreign Affairs editor Saskia van Reenen, 19 October 2001 The US-led campaign against the Osama bin Laden's terrorist network and the Taliban regime in Afghanistan entered a new phase this past week. After ten days of sustained aerial bombardment with cruise missiles and cluster bombs, the US military started using heavily armed and protected AC-130 gunships. But the deployment of these flying fortresses with their awesome firepower increases the risk of civilian casualties. Observers say deadly AC-130 aircraft were used in raids on the Afghan capital Kabul and on the Taliban's political centre Kandahar. These low-flying and slow-moving gunships are vulnerable to surface-to-air defence systems and the fact that they were deployed this week indicates that most Taliban positions have been destroyed and air supremacy has been achieved. The single remaining threat to the aircraft are man-portable and shoulder-fired Stinger missiles. The AC-130 gunships are heavily armed versions of the Hercules transport plane. Fitted with a battery of gatling guns and cannons capable of firing up to 3,000 rounds per minute, these planes can saturate an area the size of eight football pitches. They're called Spectre or Spooky and were

137. Historical Guide http://www.afghanan.net/afghanistan/sites/

138. CNN.com - Lull In Fighting In Eastern Afghanistan - February 1, 2002 CNN http://cnn.com/2002/WORLD/asiapcf/central/02/01/ret.afghan.gardez/index.html

MAIN PAGE WORLD U.S. WEATHER ... ABOUT US/HELP CNN TV what's on show transcripts CNN Headline News CNN International EDITIONS CNN.com Asia CNN.com Europe CNNenEspanol.com CNNArabic.com ... set your edition Languages Spanish Portuguese German Italian Korean Arabic Japanese Time, Inc. Time.com People Fortune EW InStyle Business 2.0 COMPLETE COVERAGE FRONT LINES AMERICA AT HOME Lull in fighting in eastern Afghanistan A hospital in Gardez reported 16 dead bodies from the fighting GARDEZ, Afghanistan (CNN) A tense calm has settled over this eastern Afghan city of Gardez as two rival Pashtun forces took a break from fighting. The shura, a council representing all of the clans and tribes of Paktia province, remained in control of the city on Friday. The guns have been silent since 3 p.m. Thursday (1030 GMT) following two days of fighting between shura forces and a rival Pashtun force headed by Bacha Kahn, who has been appointed acting governor of Paktia province by the Afghanistan interim administration. Khan's forces had retreated to the east Thursday. Early Friday afternoon, very few people could be seen around Gardez and the city remained tense, but functional.

139. CNN.com - Afghanistan Banks On New Currency - Oct. 5, 2002 CNN http://cnn.com/2002/WORLD/asiapcf/central/10/06/afghan.currency/index.html

CNN Europe CNN Asia Languages Spanish Portuguese German Italian Korean Arabic Japanese On CNN TV Transcripts Headline News CNN International ... Special Reports SERVICES Video E-Mail Services CNNtoGO SEARCH Web CNN.com Afghanistan banks on new currency Staff and wires Bank of Afghanistan deputy governor Ishaq Turab shows the new afghani notes Story Tools VIDEO CNN's Sean Callebs says 1.7 million Afghans have returned to help rebuild their country PLAY VIDEO EXTRA INFORMATION Interactive: U.N. presence in Afghanistan IN-DEPTH Rebuilding Afghanistan: A huge task ahead FACTBOX RESOURCES Photo Gallery: Afghanistan in transition KABUL, Afghanistan Afghanistan is banking on the introduction of a new currency to help stabilize its moribund economy and attract desperately-needed foreign investment. On Monday, it was a case of out with the old afghani, which has been trading at around 46,000 to the U.S. dollar, and in with the new. Also called the afghani, the new notes are worth 1,000 of the old notes, which will be phased out over the next few weeks. The launch of the new currency coincided with the anniversary of the October 7, 2001 start of the US-led bombing campaign that brought about the fall of the Taliban regime.

140. AFGHANISTAN Karta och fakta fr¥n Utrikespolitiska institutet. http://www.ui.se/fakta/asien/afghanis.htm

AFGHANISTAN Statsskick: emirat/republik Yta: Huvudstad: Kabul (ca 2 milj invånare, osäker uppgift)(2002) Helmand (1 200 km; en mindre del rinner genom Iran) Hamun-i-Saberi (eller Hamun-i-Helmand, ligger delvis i Iran) 22-26 miljoner (beräkning 2002) ca 37 31 % (män 47 %, kvinnor 15 %, beräkning 1999) Folkgrupper: pashtuner ca 50 %, tadzjiker ca 20 %, uzbeker ca 7 %, hazarer ca 6 %, turkmener och aimaker vardera ca 3 % m fl Religion: islam (15-20 % shia, resten sunni) 800 US dollar (uppskattning 2000) Viktigaste exportvaror: frukt och nötter, mattor, ull och hudar, bomull (inofficiellt opium och heroin) Valuta: 1 000 afghani = 1,81 SEK (feb 2003) Medlemskap i internationella och regionala organisationer: Utgivet om Afghanistan Skrifter och böcker Centralasien - gamla kulturer i ny förpacknng , nr 7:2002 ur serien Världspolitikens Dagsfrågor , författad av Torgny Hinnemo. Afghanistan och talibanerna , nr 5:2001 ur serien Världspolitikens Dagsfrågor , författad av Carl Johan Gardell. Afghanistan - den svåra vägen till fred , nr 4:1989 ur serien Världspolitikens Dagsfrågor, författad av Katarina Engberg. Kriget i Afghanistan , nr 3:1983 ur serien Världspolitikens Dagsfrågor, författad av Lena Poolma.

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