61. BBC News | SOUTH ASIA | Afghanistan's Turbulent History Friday, 28 September, 2001, 2301 GMT 0001 UK afghanistan s turbulent history. afghanistan s recent history has been marked by almost constant war. http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/world/south_asia/newsid_1569000/1569826.stm

CATEGORIES TV RADIO COMMUNICATE ... INDEX SEARCH You are in: World: South Asia Front Page World ... AudioVideo SERVICES Daily E-mail News Ticker Mobiles/PDAs Feedback ... Low Graphics Friday, 28 September, 2001, 23:01 GMT 00:01 UK Afghanistan's turbulent history Afghanistan's recent history has been marked by almost constant war By William Reeve, former Afghanistan correspondent The former king of Afghanistan, Mohammad Zahir Shah, who lives in exile in Italy, has been tipped recently as a possible future head of a transitional government in the country. But, in a sense, it was his overthrow in 1973 that began a chain of developments in Afghanistan that have led, step by step, to the desperate position of today. Zahir Shah was deposed by his cousin Zahir Shah was deposed in a palace coup by his cousin, Mohammad Daoud, while the king was in Italy for an eye operation. Daoud declared Afghanistan a republic, with himself as president. He relied on the support of leftists to consolidate his power, and crushed an emerging Islamist movement. Defining moment But towards the end of his rule, he attempted to purge his leftist supporters from positions of power and sought to reduce Soviet influence in Afghanistan.

62. The Chronology Of Afghanistan's History An article on the chronology of the history of afghanistan which traces from the ancient days till modern times. The Chronology of afghanistan s history. http://hinduwebsite.com/history/afghan_chronology.htm

Home History Bhagavad gita Upanishads ... Link Resources Consider this Please  use our shopping center for your online purchases to help the website grow. The Chronology of Afghanistan's History 5000 BC - 2500 BC : Indus Valley Civilization. Although no excavations have been made and no archaeological evidence exists as on date, we strongly believe that the Indus people were familiar with this region and might have established some settlements there. Reader's attention is drawn to the fact that the North Dravidian languages namely Kurukh, Malto, and Brahui, are spoken by more than 2 million speakers in Pakistan, Afghanistan, and the border areas of India to this day. 2500 BC- 1000 BC Expansion of the Aryan base. The original inhabitants of this region were pushed towards eastern India where new schools of thoughts and a new imperial culture would emerge in course of time. 328 BC : The invasion of Alexander the Great. 303 BC : The defeat of Seleucus 1 by Chandragupta Maurya. 250 BC : The reign of Ashoka 250 -128 B.C . : Greaco-Bactrian kingdom at Balkh. AD 127-41 : Ptolemy's mention of Kabul as Kabura.

63. The History Of Afghanistan Click Here for the Complete Chronology of afghanistan s history till recent times. The Complete Chronology of afghanistan s history till recent times. http://hinduwebsite.com/history/afghan.htm

Home History Bhagavad gita Upanishads ... Read the complete Chronological history of Afghanistan till modern times Click here for a detailed map of India in 250 BC Consider this Please  use our shopping center for your online purchases to help the website grow. The History of Afghanistan Click Here for the Complete Chronology of Afghanistan's History till recent times A study of the history of Afghanistan reveals how a nation can be effected by its geography. For centuries Afghanisthan remained a gateway to the Indian subcontinent and who ever wanted to conquer the region and take possession of its vast treasures had to deal with Afghanistan before setting his foot on the subcontinent. Over the centuries people from different regions settled in Afghanistan and made it their home land. People came from such culturally divergent countries such as Iran, Middle East, Anatolia, Greece, Macedonia, China, India, Mongolia, Central Russia and settled there. They added diversity to the population but rarely lived in peace. It is difficult to believe that the history of this small and poor country is dotted with such famous names as Darius the Great, Alexander, Chandragupta Maurya, Ashoka, Kanishka, Menander, Attila the Hun, Genghis Khan, Timur, Mahmud Ghazni, Mahmud Ghori, Babur, Humayun, Akbar, Nadir Shah. It is also interesting to note that those who came to Afghanistan rarely managed to hold on to their victories or keep the land under their possession for long.

64. Columbus World Travel Guide - Asia - Afghanistan - History And Government World Travel Guide afghanistan - history and Government - includes information on the constitution and politics. http://www.worldtravelguide.net/data/afg/afg580.asp

OAS_sitepage = URL + '/Asia/Afghanistan/HistoryandGovernment'; document.write('Research Afghanistan hotels at TripAdvisor'); Contact Addresses Overview General Information Passport/Visa ... Asia /Afghanistan AFGHANISTAN History and Government History: Human civilisation in Afghanistan dates at least as far back as 4000BC. The territory has always been an important link between the Middle East and civilisations in India, Central and Eastern Asia. Control of Afghanistan has always been deemed essential to the dominant regional power of the day – much of Afghan history concerns the efforts of the fractious and rebellious indigenous tribes to assert their independence. In the late 6th century BC, much of the country was absorbed into the Persian empire of Darius the Great. However, plagued by constant uprisings, the Persians never established effective control; neither did Alexander the Great nor did the Greeks, who arrived 200 years after Alexander’s comprehensive victory over the Persians. From AD50 onwards, Bhuddist culture was established in Afghanistan, under the rule of the Kushans, which lasted until the turn of the 5th century (the famous giant statues of Buddha destroyed by the Taleban in 2001 dated from this period). By AD550, the Persians were once again the dominant power in the region. Yet a far more important influence, which emerged around this time was Islamic religion, introduced by Arabs and supplanting the existing dominant Zoroastrian creed. During the 10th and 11th centuries, under the Ghaznavid dynasty, Afghanistan became a major centre of Islamic power and civilisation. Their rule finally was brought to an end by the Mongol warlord, Genghis Khan, who invaded in 1219. The Mongols destroyed most of the sophisticated irrigation system (traces of which can still be seen today), which had rendered much of the country highly fertile and prosperous; the majority of it was turned into and remains permanent desert.

65. Chronology Of Afghanistan's History | Article | MuseumStuff.com Chronology of afghanistan s history. 5000 BC 2500 BC Indus Valley Civilization. it has a primary topic of Chronology of afghanistan s history .. http://www.museumstuff.com/articles/ar2707.html

museumstuff.com articles timelines history Chronology of Afghanistan's History 5000 BC - 2500 BC: Indus Valley Civilization. Although no excavations have been made and no archaeological evidence exists as on date, we strongly believe that the Indus people were familiar with this region and might have established some settlements there. Reader's attention is drawn to the fact that the North Dravidian languages namely Kurukh, Malto, and Brahui, are spoken by more than 2 million speakers in Pakistan, Afghanistan, and the border areas of India to this day. 2500 BC- 1000 BC Expansion of the Aryan base. The original inhabitants of this region were pushed towards eastern India where new schools of thoughts and a new imperial culture would emerge in course of time. 328 BC: The invasion of Alexander the Great. 303 BC: The defeat of Seleucus 1 by Chandragupta Maurya. 250 BC: The reign of Ashoka 250 -128 B.C. : Greaco-Bactrian kingdom at Balkh. AD 127-41: Ptolemy's mention of Kabul as Kabura. 50 - 250 A.D : Emergence of the Kushana power under Kanishka. 225 - 600s : Sassanids occupy and establish their rule.

66. SouthAsia.Net Deals with the Afghani culture, people, politics, net links, and history. http://www.southasia.net/Afghanistan/

SouthAsia Complete Search Engine India Pakistan Bangladesh Nepal Sri Lanka Afghanistan Tibet Bhutan Maldives SouthAsia.Net: Afghanistan Top : Afghanistan South Asia Add Site URL Subscribe Horoscope Marriagepartner Discussion ... Culture People Common Communities : Bengali, Sindhi, Punjabi, Tamil Aries Taurus Gemini Cancer Leo Virgo Libra Scorpio Sagittarius Capricorn Aquarius Pisces Get Horoscope in email daily FREE Your Views SouthAsia.Net TALK Future of - SouthAsia Issues Problems? Where do we go? Pakistan - Discuss the national issues of Pakistan Bangladesh - Interesting things happening..! Nepal - Current Issues Rajniti Social Welfare Opportunities Sri Lanka - National Issues Peace Opportunities Economic Potential India - India Issues Discussions South Asia Present: Important Issues Cooperation People Communities Discussions on Marriage, divorce and family life Afghanistan - Future Afghan Communty SouthAsia.Net Sites Related to Afghanistan: -: Join the discussion on Afghan issues at Afghanistan Talk all are welcome Afgani Links -: Afghanistan Rah Guzar links, Afghan Personal Webpages, Afghanistan Political sites, Afghani business links, Afghanistan Cultural sites and many more..

67. Online NewsHour Special Report: Afghanistan, March 29, 2001 The land that is now afghanistan has a long history of domination by foreign conquerors and strife among internally warring factions. http://www.pbs.org/newshour/bb/asia/afghanistan/timeline/intro.html

The land that is now Afghanistan has a long history of domination by foreign conquerors and strife among internally warring factions. At the gateway between Asia and Europe, this land was conquered by Darius I of Babylonia circa 500 B.C., and Alexander the Great of Macedonia in 329 B.C., among others. Mahmud of Ghazni, an 11th century conqueror who created an empire from Iran to India, is considered to be the greatest of Afghanistan's conquerors. Genghis Khan took over the territory in the 13th century, but it wasn't until the 1700s that the area was united as a single country. By 1870, after the area had been invaded by various Arab conquerors, Islam had taken root. During the 19th century, Britain, to protect its Indian empire from Russia, attempted to annex Afghanistan, resulting in a series of British-Afghan Wars (1838-42, 1878-80, 1919-21). Next Page... home newshour index search ... pbs online The NewsHour is funded, in part, by:

68. Afghanistan/History - Encyclopedia Article About Afghanistan/History. Free Acces encyclopedia article about afghanistan/history. afghanistan/history in Free online English dictionary, thesaurus and encyclopedia. afghanistan/history. http://encyclopedia.thefreedictionary.com/Afghanistan/History

Dictionaries: General Computing Medical Legal Encyclopedia Afghanistan/History Word: Word Starts with Ends with Definition This article is the top of the History of Afghanistan Afghanistan Between the fall of the Taliban after the U.S. invasion of Afghanistan and the success of the 2003 Loya jirga, Afghanistan was referred to by the West as the Transitional Islamic State of Afghanistan . Under its new constitution, however, the nation is now called the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan . It is among the poorest nations in the world. Click the link for more information. series. Pre-Islamic period of Afghanistan Prehistory Archaeological exploration began in Afghanistan in earnest after World War II and proceeded until the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan disrupted it in December of 1979. Artifacts typical of the Paleolithic, Mesolithic, Neolithic, Bronze, and Iron ages were found. It is not yet clear, however, to what extent these periods were contemporaneous with similar stages of development Click the link for more information. Islamic conquest of Afghanistan The Islamic Conquest In 637, five years after the death of Muhammad, Arab Muslims shattered the might of the Iranian Sassanians at the battles of Qadisiya and Nahawand. The invaders began to reach into the lands east of Iran: Herat was captured in 651. By the middle of the eighth century, the rising Abbasid Dynasty was able to subdue the Arab invasion, putting an end to the prolonged struggle. Peace prevailed under the rule of the caliph Harun al-Rashid (785-809) and his son, and learning flourished in such Central Asian cities as Samarkand. From the seventh through the ninth centuries, most inhabitants of what is present-day Afghanistan, Pakistan, southern parts of the former Soviet Union, and areas of northern India were converted to Sunni Islam.

69. History Of Afghanistan Since 1992 - Encyclopedia Article About History Of Afghan afghanistan s history, internal political development, foreign relations, and very existence as an independent state have largely been determined by its http://encyclopedia.thefreedictionary.com/History of Afghanistan since 1992

Dictionaries: General Computing Medical Legal Encyclopedia History of Afghanistan since 1992 Word: Word Starts with Ends with Definition This article is part of the History of Afghanistan History of Afghanistan Afghanistan's history, internal political development, foreign relations, and very existence as an independent state have largely been determined by its geographic location at the crossroads of Central, West, and South Asia. Over the centuries, waves of migrating peoples passed through the regiondescribed by historian Arnold Toynbee as a "roundabout of the ancient world"leaving behind a mosaic of ethnic and linguistic groups. In modern times, as well as in antiquity, vast armies of the world passed through Afghanistan, temporarily establishing local control and often dominating Iran and northern India. Click the link for more information. series. Pre-Islamic period of Afghanistan Prehistory Archaeological exploration began in Afghanistan in earnest after World War II and proceeded until the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan disrupted it in December of 1979. Artifacts typical of the Paleolithic, Mesolithic, Neolithic, Bronze, and Iron ages were found. It is not yet clear, however, to what extent these periods were contemporaneous with similar stages of development Click the link for more information.

70. Afghanistan Main Interactive Web Site, Made By Afghans For Afghans Health and Welfare » Social Divisions Cultural Life Interlude history Prehistory » The Overthrow of Foreign Rule » The Republic of afghanistan (197378 http://www.afghansite.com/afghanistan/afghanistan.asp

Sunday June 6 2004 Users Online:63 IP: 67.18.104.18 ..::Afghanistan ::.. Afghanistan History Afghanistan Flag Afghanistan Pictures Afghanistan's Leaders ... Afghanistan News ..:: Entertainment ::.. Online Radio New Voice Chat New Afghan Chat Afghan Forum Afghan Events Afghan Music ..:: General ::.. File Sharing New Pictures of Afghans Back Afghan Auction Afghan Politics Afghan Articles Afghan Biography ... Afghan Links ..:: Services ::.. AfghanSite Email Register Advertise Login ... About Us ..:: Sponsors ::.. Interested in surveys? Free 50 Min Phone Card Here's your chance to to recieve a 50 Min Phone Card from Yesfree.com (US Only) Join NeoDates, the hottest online singles site. Send virtual kisses and go on virtual dates Click here! win4real.com Casino blackjack, slots, video poker and more Afghanistan History Afghanistan Flags ... Constitution Afghanistan Rullers: Mirwais Khan Hotak Ahmad Shah Abdali Khushal Khan Khatak Amir Dost Mohammad Khan ... Sayed Jammal uddin Afghani Pictures of Afghanistan General Kabul-sep-2002 Kabul-dec-2002 Kabul-April-2003 ... Email This Page to a Friend :: All About Afghanistan :: The current boundaries of Afghanistan were established in the late 19th century in the context of rivalry with Britain and Russia. Modern Afghanistan became a pawn in struggles over political ideology and commercial influence. In the late 20th century Afghanistan suffered ruinous effects of prolonged civil war (the 90's), invasion by the Soviet Union (1979), and Soviet military presence (1979-89)

71. Royalty.nu - Royalty In Afghanistan - History, News, Books afghanistan A New history by Martin Ewans. (UK). afghanistan A Military history From Alexander the Great to the Fall of the Taliban by Stephen Tanner. http://www.royalty.nu/Asia/Afghanistan.html

Royalty.nu World Royalty Asia > Afghanistan > Books About Afghanistan Search Royalty in Afghanistan News May 26, 2004 US star finds he is an Afghan prince . Scott Reiniger is reportedly a descendant of Josiah Harlan, the first American ever to visit Afghanistan, whose life story is told in the new book The Man Who Would Be King by Ben Macintyre. May 21, 2004 Zahir Shah , former king of Afghanistan, has been hospitalized: Ex-king of Afghanistan undergoes medical treatment Ailing former Afghan king hospitalized in UAE March 16, 2004 The valley of the king March 10, 2004 King Zahir Shah's visit helps renew old links . The former king of Aghanistan, Mohammad Zahir Shah , inherited the throne in 1933. In 1973, during a period of economic crisis in Afghanistan, the king was overthrown in a military coup. He abdicated and went into exile in Italy, but returned to Afghanistan in 2002. February 19, 2004 Afghan king leaves hospital February 4, 2004 Treatments for sick ex-Afghan king January 26, 2004 Karzai signs Afghan constitution January 4, 2004 Afghanistan adopts new constitution . The constitution reportedly includes no active role for Afghanistan's former king

72. The Soviet Union And Afghanistan, 1978-1989 Documents from the Russian and East German Archives, presented by the Cold War International history Project , Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars. http://cwihp.si.edu/cwihplib.nsf/16c6b2fc83775317852564a400054b28/158ff84a122a93

73. ThinkQuest : Library : Growing Up In Afghanistan Want to know more about history and Geography? afghanistan Maps, Photos, News, and More afghanistan - Country Facts More Facts on afghanistan. http://library.thinkquest.org/CR0212462/historyGeography.htm

Index Growing Up in Afghanistan Experience Afghanistan from a child's perspective. Through drawings, pictures, and text the life of an Afghan child unfolds. This site provides interactive games, quizzes, and a map. In addition, a forum is provided for sharing cultural experiences. Visit Site 2002 ThinkQuest USA Want to build a ThinkQuest site? The ThinkQuest site above is one of thousands of educational web sites built by students from around the world. Click here to learn how you can build a ThinkQuest site. Privacy Policy

74. History Of Afghanistan Afghan history A collection of articles about afghanistan s history including a chronology, afghanistan and the USSR, important political figures, and more. http://history1900s.about.com/library/world/blxafghanistan.htm

zJs=10 zJs=11 zJs=12 zJs=13 zc(5,'jsc',zJs,9999999,'') About History 20th Century History Home ... Free, Email Newsletter zau(256,152,145,'gob','http://z.about.com/5/ad/go.htm?gs='+gs,''); Decade By Decade Great Events of the Century Horrible Disasters Quiz Yourself ... Help zau(256,138,125,'el','http://z.about.com/0/ip/417/0.htm','');w(xb+xb); Stay Current Subscribe to the About 20th Century History newsletter. Search 20th Century History History of Afghanistan Afghan History A collection of articles about Afghanistan's history including a chronology, Afghanistan and the USSR, important political figures, and more. Background Notes: Afghanistan Historical information from the United States Department of State. Britannica.com: Afghanistan History A comprehensive history from Britannica.com. Use the outline below the article to navigate through the complete text of this extensive encyclopedia entry. Flags of the World: Afghanistan Information, images, and available history of the current and past flags of the country. Geography and Maps of Afghanistan A plethora of geographical information and online maps from the About Geography site.

75. Afghanistan - HISTORY afghanistan S history, internal political development, foreign relations, and very existence as an independent state have largely been determined by its http://countrystudies.us/afghanistan/2.htm

HISTORY Afghanistan Table of Contents AFGHANISTAN'S HISTORY, internal political development, foreign relations, and very existence as an independent state have largely been determined by its geographic location at the crossroads of Central, West, and South Asia. Over the centuries, waves of migrating peoples passed through the regiondescribed as a "roundabout of the ancient world," by historian Arnold Toynbeeleaving behind a mosaic of ethnic and linguistic groups. In modern times, as well as in antiquity, vast armies of the world passed through Afghanistan, temporarily establishing local control and often dominating Iran and northern India. Islam played a key role in the formation of Afghan history as well. Despite the Mongol invasion of Afghanistan in the early thirteenth century which has been described as resembling "more some brute cataclysm of the blind forces of nature than a phenomenon of human history," even a warrior as formidable as Genghis Khan did not uproot Islamic civilization, and within two generations his heirs had become Muslims. An often unacknowledged event that nevertheless played an important role in Afghan history (and in the politics of Afghanistan's neighbors and the entire region up to the present) was the rise in the tenth century of a strong Sunni dynastythe Ghaznavids. Their power prevented the eastward spread of Shiism from Iran, thereby insuring that the majority of the Muslims in Afghanistan and South Asia would be Sunnis.

76. Duke Mag-Fighting To Preserve Afghanistan's History-Sep/Oct 2002-Gazette Fighting to Preserve afghanistan s history. Geoffrey Mock, editor of Duke Dialogue, the university s faculty and staff publication http://www.dukemagazine.duke.edu/dukemag/issues/091002/depgaz4.html

Volume 88, No.6, September-October 2002 ARCHIVE EDITION Quad Quotes Under the Gargoyle Face Value Gazette ... Giving Surpasses $264 Million Fighting to Preserve Afghanistan's History Death in the Family Day of Remembrance Internet Information Fighting to Preserve Afghanistan's History Geoffrey Mock, editor of Duke Dialogue, the university's faculty and staff publication, interviewed a former professor this summer: Dupree: "All that heritage was being lost" photo:Jim Wallace One thing Nancy Dupree wants people to know about Afghanistan is that it didn't have to happen this way. The former Duke faculty member has been there for five decades, before the chaos, when Kabul was a sophisticated place, when universities thrived, political dissent was open, and women were formidable activists. "In the 1960s, the country made a strong movement toward development, meaning road building, communications, and education," says Dupree. "This was very successful. People were going around the world to learn the professions. There were thousands of engineers, many intellectuals. Millions of dollars were coming in through foreign investment from the Germans, the Russians, the Indians, and others. There were jazz clubs, nightclubs, great restaurants of all kinds. Women had come out of the home and could move about in the public sphere. They wore the veil, but on a voluntary basis."

77. Cool Planet - Afghanistan - History Oxfam GB s website for children and teachers. afghanistan has a history that goes back 5000 years, and rich cultural traditions. afghanistan history. http://www.oxfam.org.uk/coolplanet/kidsweb/world/afghan/afghanhist.htm

Cool Planet home What is Oxfam? World Children ... Contact us Afghanistan - History Mazar Shrine Photo: Chris Johnson/Oxfam Afghanistan has a history that goes back 5000 years, and rich cultural traditions. It has produced beautiful buildings, decorative tiles and mosaics, skillfully woven rugs and carpets, and has a long tradition of poetry and song. Its capital Kabul (now largely in ruins) was once greatly admired for its architecture. But the most important thing to know about it is that its position on trade routes between the Far East and Asia and the Middle East and Europe, and its location between the competing British and Russian Empires, has meant that for centuries many different countries tried to gain power and influence here. In December 1979, 100,000 soldiers from what was then the Soviet Union entered the country to support an unpopular national government. Conservative rural tribesmen ( mujahadeen ), supported by the USA and Pakistan, fought against them. The Soviet troops could not defeat the

78. AllRefer Encyclopedia - Afghanistan : History : Early History (Afghanistan Polit AllRefer.com reference and encyclopedia resource provides complete information on afghanistan history Early history, afghanistan Political Geography. http://reference.allrefer.com/encyclopedia/A/Afghanis-history.html

AllRefer Channels :: Health Yellow Pages Reference Weather SEARCH : in Reference June 06, 2004 You are here : AllRefer.com Reference Encyclopedia Afghanistan Political Geography ... Afghanistan By Alphabet : Encyclopedia A-Z A Afghanistan, Afghanistan Political Geography Related Category: Afghanistan Political Geography Afghanistan Pronunciation Key History- Early History The location of Afghanistan astride the land routes between the Indian subcontinent, Iran, and central Asia has enticed conquerors throughout history. Its high mountains, although hindering unity, helped the hill tribes to preserve their independence. It is probable that there were well-developed civilizations in S Afghanistan in prehistoric times, but the archaeological record is not clear. Certainly cultures had flourished in the north and east before the Persian king Darius I (c.500 B.C. B.C. ) them on his way to India. After Alexander's death (323 B.C. ) the region at first was part of the Seleucid empire. In the north, Bactria became independent, and the south was acquired by the Maurya dynasty. Bactria expanded southward but fell (mid-2d cent.

79. History Of The War In Afghanistan Everything about this period in the history of afghanistan must be understood in terms of the rivalry between the more moderate Khalq and the more radical http://www.ishipress.com/afghans.htm

A BRIEF HISTORY OF THE WAR IN AFGHANISTAN by Mohammad Ismail Sloan King Zahir Shah ruled Afghanistan for 40 years, from 1933 to 1973. He was not regarded as an inspired or imaginative leader, and indeed he hardly led at all, preferring to take it easy and to let the tribes govern themselves. Not much good was said about Zahir Shah at that time, but today almost all Afghans long for his return, considering what happened after he was removed from power. In about 1955, the Government of Afghanistan approached the United States of America for military assistance. Afghanistan wanted not only weapons but also to send her officers to the United States for military training. President Eisenhower considered this request but rejected it. Eisenhower said that Afghanistan was too far flung in location. American interests did not extend that far. Every country was asking for hand-outs, and the line had to be drawn somewhere. Eisenhower decided to draw the line at Afghanistan. Afghan Freedom Fighters In 1973, King Zahir Shah decided to take a holiday in Italy. While away on vacation, his cousin, Daud Khan, who was also the prime minister, decided to seize power. King Zahir Shah did not return to Afghanistan and did not contest the matter. He remains in Italy with his two sons, Ahmed Shah and Nadir Shah, to this day.

80. History Of Afghanistan afghanistan. history afghanistan, often called the crossroads of Central Asia, has had a turbulent history. In 328 BC, Alexander http://www.worldrover.com/history/afghanistan_history.html

Search The Web! Search The Web! Search The Web! Search The Web! Free Travel Cheap Tickets Auction ... Make Money Afghanistan HISTORY Afghanistan, often called the crossroads of Central Asia, has had a turbulent history. In 328 BC, Alexander the Great entered the territory of present-day Afghanistan, then part of the Persian Empire, to capture Bactria (present-day Balkh). Invasions by the Scythians, White Huns, and Turks followed in succeeding centuries. In AD 642, Arabs invaded the entire region and introduced Islam. Arab rule quickly gave way to the Persians, who controlled the area until conquered by the Turkic Ghaznavids in 998. Mahmud of Ghazni (998-1030) consolidated the conquests of his predecessors and turned Ghazni into a great cultural center as well as a base for frequent forays into India. Following Mahmud's short- lived dynasty, various princes attempted to rule sections of the country until the Mongol invasion of 1219. The Mongol invasion, led by Genghis Khan, resulted in the destruction of many cities, including Herat, Ghazni, and

A  B  C  D  E  F  G  H  I  J  K  L  M  N  O  P  Q  R  S  T  U  V  W  X  Y  Z

Page 4     61-80 of 196    Back | 1  | 2  | 3  | 4  | 5  | 6  | 7  | 8  | 9  | 10  | Next 20