81. Acids And Bases: Conjugate Acids And Bases acids and bases Conjugate acids and bases. Label all reactants and productsas BronstedLowry or conjugate acids and bases. Solution 1 http://web.chem.ucla.edu/~harding/tutorials/acids_and_bases/conj_acids.html

Acids and Bases: Conjugate Acids and Bases Discussion : Proton transfers are key features of many organic and biochemical reactions. If a reactant accepts a proton (a Bronsted-Lowry base ) the product is termed the conjugate acid of that base. An electron pair from the Bronsted-Lowry base is shared with the proton to make a new bond. If a reactant donates a proton (a Bronsted-Lowry acid ), the product is the conjugate base of that acid. The electron pair that was the bond to the transferred proton is left behind as part of the conjugate base. As a fundamental skill necessary to master proton transfer reactions, you will need to be able to draw the conjugates of an acid or base. Example 1 : Provide the products of the following proton transfer reaction. The proton that is transferred is circled. Label all reactants and products as Bronsted-Lowry or conjugate acids and bases. Solution 1 Example 2 : A small portion of the molecules in liquid water have reacted by proton transfer. This process is termed auto-ionization. Write an equation for the auto-ionization of water that clearly illustrates this proton transfer. Name all the products. Label all reactants and products as Bronsted-Lowry or conjugate acids and bases. Solution 2 Note that some compounds such as water in this example can function as either an acid or base. Such compounds are termed amphoteric. Where a compound is an acid or base is not controlled solely by molecular structure, but rather by the molecule's role in the reaction.

82. Acids And Bases: Use Of The PKa Table acids and bases Use of the pK a Table. Analysis of the relative acid and basestrengths suggests that this equilibrium lies to the right. Exercises http://web.chem.ucla.edu/~harding/tutorials/acids_and_bases/pKa_table.html

Acids and Bases: Use of the pK a Table Discussion : The propensity of a compound to donate a proton is measured as its acid ionization constant , or K a . These K a values cover a wide range of 10 for the strongest acids such as sulfuric acid to 10 for the weakest acids such as methane. A more convenient scale of acidity is pK a which is the negative logarithm of the K a (pK a = -log K a ). Thus a K a of 10 becomes a pK a of -10, and a K a of 10 becomes a pK a of 50. More generally, more negative pK a values correspond to stronger acids and more positive pK a values correspond to weaker acids. The exact pK a of an acid is a function of molecular structure (i.e., functional groups) and must be determined experimentally. We know that similar functional groups react in similar ways, so we can estimate pK a values by comparing the structure and functional groups of an unknown with the structure and functional groups of acids whose pK a values are known. Example 1 : By comparison with the compounds in Table 2.1 (page 43) of the Brown text (or Table 3.1, page 105 of Brown and Foote 2nd edition), estimate the pK a of protons in red the following compounds.

83. SCHOAC Chemistry Course Outline Menu SCH4U Equilibrium acids and bases. Arrhenius / BronstedLowrey Definitionsof acids and bases Concentrated vs Dilute; Strong vs http://www.ucdsb.on.ca/tiss/stretton/chem2/acidx.htm

SCH4U Equilibrium: Acids and Bases Arrhenius / Bronsted-Lowrey Definitions of Acids and Bases Concentrated vs Dilute; Strong vs Weak Weak Acids The pH Scale ... stretton@ripnet.com ) Updated August, 2002 ts.

84. Kauai.cudenver.edu3001/1/acbspg1.dir/ PinkMonkey.com Chemistry Study Guide -12.5 Strong and Weak acids 12.5 Strong and Weak acids and bases. The strength of any acid depends upon theextent to which it gives hydrogen ions in solution. PROPERTY acids bases. http://kauai.cudenver.edu:3001/1/acbspg1.dir/

85. 09 - Acids And Bases 09 acids and bases, RevisionNotes.Co.Uk - Free Revision and CourseNotes for UK Students. 09 - acids and bases Bookmark this page. http://www.revision-notes.co.uk/revision/120.html

RevisionNotes.Co.Uk - Free Revision and Course Notes for UK Students Home IB Chemistry : 09 - Acids and Bases Revision Notes GCSE A-Level University IB User Options Search My Revision Notes Bookmark Page Contribute Contribute Work Other Sites AcademicDB Coursework.Info 09 - Acids and Bases Bookmark this page 9.1 Properties of acids and bases 9.1.1 : Properties of acids and bases in aqueous solutions on stuff...nb...the term alkali refers to a base dissolved in water. Indicators...they change color depending on whether they're in acidic or basic conditions...each one's different, so I suppose I'd better list some common ones... Methyl orange Bromophenol blue Methyl red Bromothymol blue Phenolphtalein Acid red yellow red yellow colorless Base yellow blue yellow blue red Each one change color as a different pH, and so there will be cases where one is useful and others are not. (not really necessary is SL?) O + NaCl. + H Acids with carbonates...will produce water and CO ie 2HCl + CaCO + H O + CaCl 9.1.2 : Experimental properties of acids and bases...when acids and bases neutralize, the reaction is noticeably exothermic (ie heat can be felt coming from the reaction). Obviously, they will have an effect on the color of indicators as described above. The hydrogen produced in the reaction of acids with metal will produce a 'pop' sound if a match is held to it, and the CO from the carbonate reaction will turn limewater a milky white when bubbled trough it.

86. 19 - Acids And Bases 19 acids and bases, RevisionNotes.Co.Uk - Free Revision and Course Notesfor UK Students. 19 - acids and bases Bookmark this page. 19.1 Lewis theory. http://www.revision-notes.co.uk/revision/128.html

RevisionNotes.Co.Uk - Free Revision and Course Notes for UK Students Home IB Chemistry : 19 - Acids and Bases Revision Notes GCSE A-Level University IB User Options Search My Revision Notes Bookmark Page Contribute Contribute Work Other Sites AcademicDB Coursework.Info 19 - Acids and Bases Bookmark this page 19.1 Lewis theory 19.1.1 : A lewis acid is defined as a species which accepts an electron pair to form a dative/coordinate covalent bond. A lewis base is a species which donates an electron pair to form such a bond. This is a special type of covalent bond because the bond is formed by two electrons from one species and none from the other. This often occurs in the formation of complex ions (or in BL acid/base reactions because the H ion has no electrons, and so must accept a pair to bond with anything...Lewis theory is more general than BL). 19.2 Calculations involving acids and bases 19.2.1 : H O (l) (aq) + OH (aq) . K w =[H ][OH ] The value of K w is 1 x 10 at 25c but varies with temperature. 19.2.2 : pH = -log[H+] (pH is the negative log of the concentration of H ions), pOH = -log[OH

87. Determining Acids And Bases - An AskERIC Lesson Plan PHY0012. Determining acids and bases. An AskERIC Lesson Plan. OVERVIEW Anintroduction to using indicators to determine acids and bases. PURPOSE http://www.reachoutmichigan.org/funexperiments/quick/eric/acidbase.html

Lesson Plan #:AELP-PHY0012 Determining Acids and Bases An AskERIC Lesson Plan AUTHOR: May 1994 These lesson plans are the result of the work of the teachers who have attended the Columbia Education Center's Summer Workshop. CEC is a consortium of teacher from 14 western states dedicated to improving the quality of education in the rural, western, United States, and particularly the quality of math and science Education. CEC uses Big Sky Telegraph as the hub of their telecommunications network that allows the participating teachers to stay in contact with their trainers and peers that they have met at the Workshops. GRADE LEVEL/SUBJECT: intermediate, science OVERVIEW: An introduction to using indicators to determine acids and bases. PURPOSE: To introduce acidity/alkalinity of substances using an indicator to determine their differences and safety precautions in handling of each. OBJECTIVES: The student will use purple cabbage indicator to test five know substances for acidic/alkaline balance. The student will discuss the safety precautions required both inside and outside a lab in handling acids and bases. RESOURCES/MATERIALS: Several clear containers Several household substances (see activity 2) Purple Cabbage Indicator (Coarsely shred a head of purple cabbage. Place in saucepan and fill 1/2 full of water. Boil about ten minutes. Strain the liquid and refrigerate until ready to use.)

88. ICSD Chemistry Zone: Acids & Bases Lessons lesson.gif (1118 bytes), ICSD Chemistry Zone acids bases Lessons. Name. Introductionto acids and bases, This introduces the three theories of acids and bases. http://207.10.97.102/chemzone/lessons/07acidbase/default.htm

Name Description Type Introduction to Acids and Bases This introduces the three theories of acids and bases. Arrhenius, Lewis, and Bronsted-Lowry theories are covered. Slide show (shockwave) Electrolytes This illustrates the concept of an electrolyte. (Flash) The pH Scale This lesson shows the origin of the pH scale and the ionization constant of water. It also examines titration. Slide show (shockwave) pH Tutorial This is a complete lesson on Acids, Bases, solubility constants, and pH. It includes quizzes as you progress. pH, the power of hydrogen A cute pH scale that shows exactly how it relates to the concentration of Hydrogen ions. Live Tool (Shockwave) pH Calculations Practice This lets you practice converting between pH, pOH, [H ] and [OH Bring a calculator. Live Practice (Javascript) Titration Simulation This simulation lets you actually go through a titration and provides enough info for calculations. Simulation (Java Applet) Titration Problem Solving Guide Having trouble knowing what to do in a titration calculation problem? This tutorial will walk you through it.

89. Lewis AcidBase Equilibria. Lewis acids and bases. Recall the Arrhenius descriptionof acids and bases In the Bronstead-Lowry description of acids and bases http://wine1.sb.fsu.edu/chm1046/notes/AcidBase/Lewis/Lewis.htm

CHM 1046 General Chemistry II Dr. Michael Blaber Acid-Base Equilibria Lewis Acids and Bases Recall the Arrhenius description of acids and bases: An Arrhenius acid reacts in water to release a proton An Arrhenius base reacts in water to release a hydroxide ion In the Bronstead-Lowry description of acids and bases: A B-L acid reacts to donate a proton A B-L base accepts a proton A B-L base, therefore, is a compound with an unshared pair of electrons that can from a bond with a proton: G.N.Lewis thought about acids and bases in terms of donation and acceptance of unshared pairs of electrons A Lewis acid is defined as an electron-pair acceptor A Lewis base is defined as an electron-pair donor In the above example with ammonia, the ammonia is acting as a Lewis base (donates a pair of electrons), and the proton is a Lewis acid (accepts a pair of electrons) The description of an acid and a base by Lewis is consistent with the description by Arrhenius, and with the definition by Bronstead-Lowry. However, the Lewis description, a base is not restricted in donating its electrons to a proton, it can donate them to any molecule that can accept them

90. AcidBase AcidBase Equilibria. Brønstead-Lowry acids and bases. The Arrhenius definitionof an acid and a base Relative Strengths of acids and bases. http://wine1.sb.fsu.edu/chm1046/notes/AcidBase/AcidBase/AcidBase.htm

CHM 1046 General Chemistry II Dr. Michael Blaber Acid-Base Equilibria The Arrhenius definition of an acid and a base: Acids - substances that when dissolved in water release H ions Bases - substances that when dissolved in water release OH ions The definition of an Arrhenius acid and base emphasizes the H and OH ions in water Proton Transfer Reactions HCl is an Arrhenius acid: When HCl dissolves in water it actually transfers a proton to a water molecule: HCl( g ) + H O( l H O aq ) + Cl aq The recognition that the release of H ions by acids involves H transfer led to a new proposal for the definition of what is an acid, and what is a base Acids - a substance that can transfer a proton to another substance Base - a substance that can accept a proton from another substance These definitions emphasize proton transfer, and can include solvents other than water (aqueous solutions are not part of the definition, proton transfer is the key feature) HCl( g ) + H O( l H O aq ) + Cl aq In the reaction of HCl with H O, HCl is a (donates a proton to H O), and the

91. Acid & Base Definitions And Examples An Introduction Dr. Walt Volland revised April 10, 2002 all rights reserved. acids and bases formulas examples. After you have studied this lesson you should be able to http://scidiv.bcc.ctc.edu/wv/4/0004-0012-acids-and-bases.html

After you have studied this lesson you should be able to: state the definition for an acid in terms of H ions state the definition for bases in terms of OH ions describe what happens when an acid dissolves in water describe what happens when a base dissolves in water write the equation for the process of dissolving a typical acid in water write the equation for the process of dissolving a typical base in water give three examples of common acids give three examples of common bases predict the number of OH ions released by a base from the formula predict the number of H ions released by an acid from the formula Definition of an acid Acids are compounds that can donate H ions in water solutions. The role of water is essential in this definition. Pure HF is not considered to be an acid. It must be dissolved in water to act like an acid. There are many different acids, but they all have something in common. They all have hydrogen attached to a nonmetal from either group 6A or group 7A. This last idea makes it easier to identify acids.

92. Unit Plan For Acids And Bases In this unit students examine the qualitative and quantitative aspects of acidsand bases. Unit Plan for acids and bases. Curriculum Unit Plan. Science. http://www.michigan.gov/scope/0,1607,7-155-13515_13521_13524-36289--,00.html

Skip Navigation Michigan.gov Home Scope Home Site Map ... Eleventh Grade Unit Plan for Acids and Bases Curriculum Unit Plan Science Tenth Grade Chemistry Unit 4: Acids and Bases Abstract In this unit students examine the qualitative and quantitative aspects of acids and bases. They learn how these two classes of compounds ionize or dissociate in water. Students learn to determine the degree of acidity or alkalinity of solutions of pH. Three theories are investigated to add to their understanding of the properties of acids and bases. Students also investigate neutralization reactions, i.e., the result of acids combining with bases. They learn titration as a procedure that can be used to find the concentration of an acid or base. Students are asked to examine common household materials and determine if they are acidic or basic in nature. They research common causes of acid rain and conclude their studies by writing about how weather patterns affect the distribution of environmental damage caused by acid rain. Unit Title Acids and Bases Grade Level/Course Title Tenth Grade/Chemistry Focus Questions What distinguishes acids from bases How do we measure the strengths of acids and bases How are acids and bases used in our daily lives Benchmarks Students will: gather and synthesize information about how to identify the properties of acids and bases and how to analyze them (I.1.HS.4

93. Acids And Bases Lewis Vs. Bronsted acids and bases Lewis vs. Bronsted. This page under construction. LUMO,nucleophile, resonance effect. acids and bases Lewis vs. Bronsted. http://www.personal.psu.edu/faculty/t/h/the1/acidbase.htm

94. MSN Encarta - Acids And Bases Advertisement. acids and bases. Print Preview of Section. acids and bases, two classesof chemical compounds that display generally opposite characteristics. http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761562874/Acids_and_Bases.html

MSN Home My MSN Hotmail Shopping ... Money Web Search: logoImg('http://sc.msn.com'); Encarta Subscriber Sign In Help Home ... Upgrade to Encarta Premium Search Encarta Tasks Find in this article Print Preview Send us feedback Related Items Chemical reactions, formation and interaction of acid and bases Alkalies, caustic bases more... Magazines Search the Encarta Magazine Center for magazine and news articles about this topic Further Reading Editors' Picks Acids and Bases News Search MSNBC for news about Acids and Bases Internet Search Search Encarta about Acids and Bases Search MSN for Web sites about Acids and Bases Also on Encarta Editor's picks: Good books about Iraq Compare top online degrees What's so funny? The history of humor Also on MSN Summer shopping: From grills to home decor D-Day remembered on Discovery Switch to MSN in 3 easy steps Our Partners Capella University: Online degrees LearnitToday: Computer courses CollegeBound Network: ReadySetGo Kaplan Test Prep and Admissions Encyclopedia Article from Encarta Advertisement document.write('');

95. Cabbage Juice Indicator to classify household substances as acids or bases. Acid/Base or Neutral. 1. 2. 3.4. 5. 6. Results Name the acids, name the bases, were there any neutral solutions? http://www.middleschoolscience.com/cabbage.htm

Cabbage Juice Indicator - pH click here for a printer friendly PDF version of this lab Objectives: to test household solutions with litmus paper to test household solutions using red-cabbage juice indicator to classify household substances as acids or bases to determine the pH range of red cabbage juice Materials: ( per group or station Beaker of Red Cabbage Juice - recipe Red and Blue Litmus Paper 6 Plastic cups Beakers of the following solutions: water, baking soda, vinegar, salt, sugar, lemon juice, soda, etc... Plastic spoon black marker Procedure: Label your plastic cups #'s 1-6 Choose one solution and pour a small amount into plastic cup #1. Write the name of the solution in your data table. Place a drop of the solution onto red and then blue litmus paper. Record results Add 1 - 2 tablespoons of red cabbage juice to the cup. Record color change. Determine if the solution is a acid, base or neutral Repeat with solutions #2-6. Clean up. Pour contents into sink and throw out used cups. Data Table: Plastic Cup # Solution Red Litmus Blue Litmus Red Cabbage Juice Acid/Base or Neutral Results: Name the acids, name the bases, were there any neutral solutions?

96. Equilibrium: Bronsted-Lowry Acids And Bases Equilibrium BronstedLowry acids and bases. 1 lab period; work in pairs. PreparationEquilibrium Bronsted-Lowry acids and bases. Preparation Questions http://www.wpi.edu/Academics/Depts/Chemistry/Courses/CH1010/Stream1/BLacidbase.h

Equilibrium: Bronsted-Lowry Acids and Bases 1 lab period; work in pairs. Complete the Preparation page before laboratory. Goals To develop skill in small scale titration To learn procedures for analysis of acidity and basicity To explore the relative strengths of common acids Background When dissolved in water, acids transfer the acidic proton to water to varying extents according to the following generic reaction: (1) HA(aq) + H O H O (aq) + A (aq) K a = [H O ][A ]/[HA] The strength of the acid relative to H O is indicated by the size of the equilibrium constant, K a . Acids with K a strong acids , for which reaction (1) proceeds essentially completely to the right. Perchloric acid, HClO , is an example of a strong acid. Acids with K a weak acids . Formic acid, HCOOH, is an example of a weak acid. For weak acids, relatively few HA molecules transfer a proton to water, resulting in relatively small concentrations of H O and A in solution. Acids with K a are very weak acids ; they have no measurable tendency to transfer a proton to water. Examples of very weak acids are NH , H , and CH Reaction (1) is called a proton transfer reaction, because it depicts the transfer of a proton, H

97. LESSON PLANET - 30,000 Lessons And 223 Lesson Plans For Acids And Bases Found 223 acids and bases related lesson plans. Log in or become a Lesson PlanetMember to access the lessons below. 223 acids and bases Lesson Plans http://www.lessonplanet.com/search/Science/Chemistry/Acids_and_Bases

Powered by Over 30,000 Lesson Plans, Teacher Tools and More! All Grades Pre-K K-2 Higher Ed Search the largest directory of lesson plans on the web! Attention Teachers! Join Lesson Planet Today! For only $9.95 (a year) gain full access to Lesson Planet's directory of 30,000+ lesson plans as a Lesson Planet Silver Member! For only $24.95 (a year), become a Gold Member and gain full access to 30,000+ lessons AND our TeacherWebTools suite of online tools (featuring TeacherSiteMaker, Online Storage, NewsletterMaker, LessonMaker and more!) Learn More TeacherWebTools: TeacherSiteMaker NewsletterMaker AssignmentMaker LessonMaker ... Your Account Teacher Web Resources: Current Top Sites Top Site Archives Curriculum Corners Maps Planet ... Chemistry Acids and Bases Subcategories: Ammonium Hydroxide Lesson Plans Hydrochloric Acid Lesson Plans Magnesium Hydroxide Lesson Plans Neutralization Lesson Plans ... Sulfuric Acid Lesson Plans Found Acids and Bases ' Lesson Plans. Also for ' Acids and Bases 200 Web Sites 3 Books 2 Maps 2 Supplies * Log in or become a Lesson Planet Member to gain access to lesson plans.

98. Btabswpb KS3-KS4-GCSE Chemistry - PH, Acids, Bases And Salts - At Doc Brown's Ch GCSE chemistry pH, Indicators, acids, bases and Salts - at Doc Brown s ChemistryClinic. wpbchemhelp. The opposite of an acid is called a base. http://www.wpbschoolhouse.btinternet.co.uk/page03/AcidsBasesSalts.htm

GCSE CHEMISTRY REVISION NOTES full site INDEX All KS3 CHEMISTRY links (US grades 6-8) All KS4-GCSE CHEMISTRY links (US grades 9-10) AS-A2 CHEMISTRY links (US grades11-12) Chemistry support for any GCSE syllabus Selection of chemistry websites Variety of chemistry articles 8Teachers corner 9. About the site and author Element data links KS4-GCSE multiple choice quizzes KS4-GCSE Structured chemistry questions KS4-GCSE Type short answer chemistry Q's KS4-GCSType in multi-word fill chemistry Q's KS4-GCSMatching pair chemistry questions KS4-GCSE Chemistry crossword questions KS4-GCSE Earth science notes and questions AS-A2 CHEMISTRY Miscellaneous structured Q's AS-A2 CHEMISTRY Multiple choice Q's AS-A2 CHEMISTRY Type in short answer Q's AS-A2 CHEMISTRY Miscellaneous Notes AS-A2 CHEMISTRY Matching pair questions My Salters Advanced AS CHEMISTRY homepage My Salters Advanced A2 CHEMISTRY homepage My Salters Advanced AS-A2 CHEMISTRY index LINKS updated April 16th 2004 GCSE Multiple choice quiz: Foundation or Higher or an easy start m/c quiz * or easy start word fills on some basic ideas and some reactions * and easy start matching pair quiz email query * If there is anything NOT on this page for GCSE students, there is more on acid-base theory and its history, pH measurement, strong or weak, acids or alkalis etc. on the "

99. AUFBAU1 [SELECTED PRINCIPLES: ACIDS & BASES (1)] SELECTED PRINCIPLES acids bases (1) Certain definitions, which are intentionallynarrow, will be useful in this introduction to acidbase chemistry. http://www.wissensdrang.com/auf1ba1.htm

SELECTED PRINCIPLES When hydrogen chloride is dissolved in an organic solvent, the solution formed does not conduct an electric current - indicating the absence of free-moving ions. By contrast, when this gas is dissolved in water, the aqueous solution of hydrochloric acid formed conducts an electric current strongly, because this 'strong' acid is completely dissociated; When sodium hydroxide is dissolved in water, the aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide formed conducts an electric current strongly, because this 'strong' base is completely dissociated; The symbol equation for the neutralization reaction between aqueous solutions of nitric acid and sodium hydroxide is: Because the reactants are completely dissociated, a better perspective of this reaction is gained by constructing an ionic equation; Those ions that are not involved in the overall reaction, here aqueous sodium and nitrate, are referred to as 'spectator' ions; and, so as to focus on the change that actually occurs in this neutralization, a net ionic equation can be written; i.e., The measured heat energy change ( D H ) for this (exothermic) reaction is -56 kJ mol-¹.

100. Chemistry Department At University Of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada University of British Columbia Homepage, Faculty of Science Homepage, Request avirtual tour of the Department on CDROM. Learn about our newest faculty members. http://www.chem.ubc.ca/

Request a virtual tour of the Department on CDROM Learn about our newest faculty members Request a virtual tour of the Department on CDROM Learn about our newest faculty members

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