41. Introduction To Acids And Bases Arrhenius Concept Of Acids And Bases Bronsted Themes Science Chemistry Inorganic Chemistry acids and bases acids and bases. ..Introduction, ..Lewis Concept of acids and bases. http://www.cartage.org.lb/en/themes/Sciences/Chemistry/Inorganicchemistry/AcidsB

Themes Science Chemistry Inorganic Chemistry Themes Science Chemistry Inorganic Chemistry ... Bronsted-Lowery Concept of Acids and Bases

42. PH Of Common Acids And Bases Themes Science Chemistry Inorganic Chemistry acids and bases pH ofCommon acids and bases. pH of 0.10 M Solutions of Common acids and bases. http://www.cartage.org.lb/en/themes/Sciences/Chemistry/Inorganicchemistry/AcidsB

Themes Science Chemistry Inorganic Chemistry ... Acids and Bases The pH of a solution depends on the strength of the acid or base in the solution. Measurements of the pH of dilute solutions are therefore good indicators of the relative strengths of acids and bases. Values of the pH of 0.10 M solutions of a number of common acids and bases are given in the table below. pH of 0.10 M Solutions of Common Acids and Bases Compound pH HCl (hydrochloric acid) H SO (sulfuric acid) NaHSO (sodium hydrogen sulfate) H SO (sulfurous acid) H PO (phosphoric acid) HF (hydrofluoric acid) CH CO H (acetic acid) H CO (carbonic acid) 3.8 (saturated solution) H S (hydrogen sulfide) NaH PO (sodium dihydrogen phosphate) NH Cl (ammonium chloride) HCN (hydrocyanic acid) Na SO (sodium sulfate) NaCl (sodium chloride) NaCH CO (sodium acetate) NaHCO (sodium bicarbonate) Na HPO (sodium hydrogen phosphate) Na SO (sodium sulfite) NaCN (sodium cyanide) NH (aqueous ammonia) Na CO (sodium carbonate) Na PO (sodium phosphate) NaOH (sodium hydroxide, lye)

43. Acids And Bases CheModule Tutorials Chapter 9. The following tutorials are PowerPointChemodules that emphasize various topics in acids and bases. http://www.karentimberlake.com/acids_and_bases.htm

C heModule T utorials Chapter 9 The following tutorials are PowerPoint Chemodules that emphasize various topics in Acids and Bases. Each includes basic concepts and learning checks to test your progress. Acids and Bases Acids, Bases and Neutralization pH Strong and Weak Acids Downloading CheModules The CheModules may take 2-3 minutes to download. Within the PowerPoint module, use the forward, back, up and down arrows on your keyboard to move down the slide or to go forwards or back up. You may also use page up and page down. P owerPoint© Viewer I f you do not have PowerPoint© on your computer, you may download one of the following powerpoint viewers: http://office.microsoft.com/downloads Search for Powerpoint Viewer or go to PowerPoint Viewer 97 (2000 Release) for PowerPoint 2000 Users PowerPoint Viewer 97 (2000 Release) for PowerPoint 97 Users Learning with CheModules As you proceed in the module, study the slides. Work the short learning checks before you go to the next slide, which contains the correct answers. You may wish to take the Quiz on Acids and Bases to test your understanding of the material.

44. Introduction To Acids And Bases reactions as acidbase interactions comes from the wide acceptance of the Lewis definitionof acids and bases, which supplanted both the earlier Bronsted-Lowry http://www.sparknotes.com/chemistry/acidsbases/intro/summary.html

Advanced Search FAQ document.write("My Preferences"); My Preferences Related Message Boards High School Chemistry Horror Stories Biochemistry Organic Chemistry ... Inorganic Chemistry We want your feedback! Please let us know if you have any document.write("comments, "); document.write("requests, "); document.write("or if you think you've found an "); document.write("error."); comments requests , or if you think you've found an error Watch us work! Home Free Study Aids ... Introduction to Acids and Bases Introduction - Navigate Here - Introduction Terms Introduction Acids and bases play a central role in chemistry because, with the exception of redox reactions, every chemical reaction can be classified as an acid-base reaction. Our understanding of chemical reactions as acid-base interactions comes from the wide acceptance of the Lewis definition of acids and bases, which supplanted both the earlier Bronsted-Lowry concept and the first definitionthe Arrhenius model . Arrhenius first defined acids as proton (H ) producers in aqueous solution and bases as hydroxide (OH ) producers. Although this model is intuitively correct, it is limited to substances that include proton and hydroxide groups. Bronsted and Lowry proposed the more general definitions of acids and bases as proton donors and acceptors, respectively. Unlike the Arrhenius conception, the Bronsted-Lowry model accounts for acids in solvents other than water, where the proton transfers do not necessarily involve hydroxide ions. But the Bronsted-Lowry model fails to explain the observation that metal ions make water more

45. Acids And Bases: Buffers found an error. Watch us work! Home Free Study Aids Study Guides Chemistry acids and bases Buffers Table of Contents. http://www.sparknotes.com/chemistry/acidsbases/buffers/

Advanced Search FAQ document.write("My Preferences"); My Preferences We want your feedback! Please let us know if you have any document.write("comments, "); document.write("requests, "); document.write("or if you think you've found an "); document.write("error."); comments requests , or if you think you've found an error Watch us work! Home Free Study Aids ... Acids and Bases: Buffers Table of Contents - Navigate Here - Summary Terms Buffered Solutions >Problems Summary Terms Buffered Solutions >Problems ... Inorganic Chemistry SparkNote by Alan Northrup How do I cite this study guide? - Navigate Here - Summary Terms Buffered Solutions >Problems Terms and Conditions Contact Information

46. Acids & Bases acids and bases. JC Baird s Own Notes. Under Construction. Go Here to Down LoadAdobe Acrobat Reader 2.0. acids bases via Adobe Acrobat. return to Lecture Notes. http://jcbmac.chem.brown.edu/baird/Chem22I/lectures/Acids&Bases/acids&bases.html

Acids and Bases J. C. Baird's Own Notes Under Construction Go Here to Down Load Adobe Acrobat Reader 2.0 return to Lecture Notes

47. Household Acids And Bases Household acids and bases Veasley, Joyce Nansen Elementary 38 Pheasant Road 8212785Matteson, Illinois 60443 720-2150 Objectives 1. The learners will be able http://www.iit.edu/~smile/ch8812.html

Household Acids and Bases Veasley, Joyce Nansen Elementary 38 Pheasant Road 821-2785 Matteson, Illinois 60443 720-2150 Objectives: 1. The learners will be able to determine whether a substance dissolved in water will form an acid, a base or a neutral solution. 2. The learners will be able to infer the presence of acids or bases from evidence in the demonstration of interactions of common household products and an indicator. Apparatus Needed: 1. Egg Cartons (one for every two students) 2. Litmus Paper (red and blue) 3. 10 Household solutions: a. lemon juice b. bleach-water c. water d. aspirin-water e. milk f. ammonia-water g. tea (concentrated) h. vinegar-water i. soap-water j. your saliva 4. 10 Eye Droppers 5. 10 Small Containers, or Clear Cups 6. Red Cabbage 7. 100 mL Water 8. 8 Test Tubes 9. Tube 1. 10 mL of Lemon Juice 10. Tube 2. 10 mL of White Vinegar 11. Tube 3. 10 mL of Boric Acid Solution 12. Tube 4. 10 mL of Water 13. Tube 5. 10 mL of Sodium Bicarbonate Solution 14. Tube 6. 10 mL of Borax Solution 15. Tube 7. 10 mL of Washing Soda Solution 16. Tube 8. 10 mL of Drain Cleaner 17. Test Tube Holder 18. Beakers, 100 and 250 mL 19. Burner Recommended Strategy: Return to Chemistry Index

48. Acids And Bases acids And bases Joseph Humphrey Seward School 4405 S. Ellis Ave.4600 S. Hermitage Ave. Chicago, Ill. 60653 Chicago, Ill. 60609 http://www.iit.edu/~smile/ch9006.html

Acids And Bases Joseph Humphrey Seward School 4405 S. Ellis Ave. 4600 S. Hermitage Ave. Chicago, Ill. 60653 Chicago, Ill. 60609 312-538-7612 312-650-5890 Objective : Eighth Grade Activity WHITE WINE or GRAPE JUICE? Materials Needed : 5-250-ml beakers iron (III) chloride solution tannic acid solution sulfuric acid 1-L flask, or large clear picture 3-eye droppers Strategy : Five beakers are arranged on a demonstration table. A pale yellow liquid (white wine) is poured from a large flask into the first beaker. When the liquid is poured into the second beaker, a blue liquid (grape wine) is produced. Both of these beakers are emptied into a large flask and the entire content turns blue. The blue liquid is poured into the third beaker and a clear solution is produced. When the fourth beaker is filled, the liquid is blue again. When the last beaker is filled, the liquid is clear. When all the beakers are emptied back into the large flask, the entire content of the flask becomes clear again. Procedure : 1. Arrange five 250-ml beakers or clear glass tumblers in full view of the class. 2. Prior to performing the demonstration, prepare the beakers as follows: a. Beaker 1: empty. b. Beaker 2: 2 drops of iron (III) chloride solution. c. Beaker 3: 5ml of sulfuric acid. d. Beaker 4: empty. e. Beaker 5: 5ml of sulfuric acid. 3. Fill a 1-L flask or large clear pitcher with tannic acid solution. 4. Develop your own "story line": the following is a suggestion. a. At a recent dinner party, a guest was served white wine. (fill beaker 1 from the large flask, to produce "white wine" in the first beaker.) b. The second guest asked for grape wine. Being a chemist, this is no problem (fill beaker 2 from the flask. A blue solution (grape wine) will be produced.)...etc.

49. PASCO Chemistry Experiment - Dec. 2001 December 2001, Chemistry Experiment acids and bases. Compare and contrastthe key physical and chemical properties of acids and bases. http://www.pasco.com/experiments/chemistry/december_2001/home.html

home resources experiments chemistry ... print page Online Chemistry Experiments December 2001, Chemistry Experiment: Acids and Bases Equipment Equipment Set-up Software Set-up Data Collection Procedure ... Conclusions and Extensions Purpose: Equipment: pH Sensor PASPORT (PS-2102) ScienceWorkshop (CI-6507A) Computer Interface PASPORT Xplorer (PS-2000) PASPORT USB Link (PS-2100) ScienceWorkshop 500 (CI-6400) ScienceWorkshop 750 (CI-6450) 10 Test Tubes (small beakers or plastic cups may also be used) and a Test Tube Rack. Wash bottle filled with distilled water and large beaker (or use a sink), to rinse off the pH sensor between measurements. Solutions: Windex, Cola, Lemon Juice, Coffee, Vinegar, Salt Water, Orange Juice, Ammonia, Milk, and Distilled Water. Back to top Equipment Setup: Label each of the 10 test tubes with the names of the various solutions.

50. Strength Of Common Acids And Bases Strength of common acids and bases. Several common acids and basesare supplied as concentrated solutions in water. The table below http://ptcl.chem.ox.ac.uk/MSDS/acidsbases.html

Strength of common acids and bases Several common acids and bases are supplied as concentrated solutions in water. The table below gives approximate molarities and specific gravities for these materials. Chemical Formula Molecular weight Molarity Specific gravity Weight % Acetic acid (Ethanoic acid) CH COOH Ammonium Hydroxide ("880 Ammonia") NH OH Formic acid HCOOH Hydriodic acid HI Hydrobromic acid HBr Hydrochloric acid HCl Hydrofluoric acid HF Nitric acid HNO Phosphoric acid H PO Sulfuric (sulphuric) acid H SO Return to the Safety Home Page of the Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory at Oxford University. Last updated March 18, 2004.

51. The Science Spot: Chemistry - Acids & Bases Chemistry Links acids bases. http://sciencespot.net/Pages/kdzchem3.html

What do you want to explore? Biology - Genetics Biology - Bald Eagles Biology - Insects Biology - Pond Water Basics Careers Chemistry - Periodic Table Sites Earth Science - Weather Physics - Electricity Physics - Junk Box Wars Physics - Simple Machines Tech Skills Trivia Challenge Fun Sites BrainPOP Quia - Mrs. T's Page Kid Zone Main Page The Science Spot Main Page Chemistry Links - The pH Factor Alien Juice Bar (pH) ZOOM Kitchen Chemistry Quia pH Scale ... What is Acid Rain? Also visit the Kid Zone Pages for and Periodic Tables Note: The links on this page are not a part of this site and their content is not the responsibility of this site. Parent reminder: Use caution when allowing your child to view any sites on the web - this page or other links found on these sites.

52. Theories Of Acids And Bases Describes the Arrhenius, BronstedLowry, and Lewis theories of acids and bases,and explains the relationships between them. THEORIES OF acids AND bases. http://www.chemguide.co.uk/physical/acidbaseeqia/theories.html

THEORIES OF ACIDS AND BASES This page describes the Arrhenius, Bronsted-Lowry, and Lewis theories of acids and bases, and explains the relationships between them. It also explains the concept of a conjugate pair - an acid and its conjugate base, or a base and its conjugate acid. Note: Current UK A' level syllabuses concentrate on the Bronsted-Lowry theory, but you should also be aware of Lewis acids and bases. The Arrhenius theory is of historical interest only, and you are unlikely to need it unless you are doing some work on the development of ideas in chemistry. The Arrhenius Theory of acids and bases The theory Acids are substances which produce hydrogen ions in solution. Bases are substances which produce hydroxide ions in solution. Neutralisation happens because hydrogen ions and hydroxide ions react to produce water. Limitations of the theory Hydrochloric acid is neutralised by both sodium hydroxide solution and ammonia solution. In both cases, you get a colourless solution which you can crystallise to get a white salt - either sodium chloride or ammonium chloride. These are clearly very similar reactions. The full equations are:

53. Organic Acids And Bases Menu Understanding Chemistry. ORGANIC acids AND bases MENU. Organic acids . . .Explains why organic acids are acidic, and what affects their strengths. http://www.chemguide.co.uk/basicorg/acidmenu.html

Understanding Chemistry ORGANIC ACIDS AND BASES MENU Organic acids . . . Explains why organic acids are acidic, and what affects their strengths. Organic bases . . . Explains why primary amines are basic, and what affects their strengths. Go to menu of basic organic chemistry. . . Go to Main Menu . . .

54. Solutions Of Acids And Bases Solutions of acids and bases. Results appear in the second table. In order touse this page, you need a table of acids and bases and their K values. http://proton.csudh.edu/lecture_help/acidsols.html

Solutions of Acids and Bases This page let's you practice the fundamental calculation in acid/base systems: determining the pH of the solution. When you press "New Problem," the name of a chemical species will appear in the first cell and a concentration in the second cell. Calculate the pH of the solution and press "Check Answer". Results appear in the second table. In order to use this page, you need a table of acids and bases and their K values. If the compound which appears in the first cell is not in your table, press "New Problem" to get a new compound. Remember that the species can be an acid, a base or be neutral. If you miss a question three times, pressing the "Show Answer" button will cause the correct result to appear. Compound [initial] pH Results Total Correct

55. Solutions Of Acids And Bases acids and basesMultiple Step Analysis. When you click New Problem , a screenwill appear with a question related to a solution of a weak acid or base. http://proton.csudh.edu/lecture_help/acidbasesmultistep.html

Acids and Bases-Multiple Step Analysis When you click "New Problem", a screen will appear with a question related to a solution of a weak acid or base. You will need a table of acid/base Ks which has both names and formulas of common acids and bases in order to answer the question. First, calculate and submit the value which results from the application of the "weak" approximation. Then press,"Check Approx". The results appear on the main screen. If you get it correct, proceed, otherwise, recalculate and resubmit. Once the approx. value is correct, determine whether the approx is a valid answer and click on either "Yes" or "No" accordingly. Again, if you get it incorrect, you must resubmit before you can proceed. This page uses a standard of 5%. If you don't what that means, you need to do a quick review before using the page. Remember that the correctness and validity of the approximate answer are two different things. You only do the third stage if: You have gotten the first two parts correct and The approximation is invalid If those conditions are met, then calculate the exact answer and submit it.

56. Acids And Bases What is an indicator? How can the strength of each acid or base be determined? Whichacids and which bases can be potentially harmful to children? http://www.cap.nsw.edu.au/bb_site_intro/secondary_modules/acids/acids_and_bases.

There are many substances in your home of different levels of danger. Your task is to determine which substances are acids and which substances are bases in your home and establish the strength (which is an indicator of the danger) of each acid or base. Points to consider What is an acid and what is a base? How can you distinguish between an acid and a base? What is an indicator? How can the strength of each acid or base be determined? How do I use the materials that are required? Which acids and which bases can be potentially harmful to children? You must test 20 substances from a range of areas around your home. The kitchen, bathroom, laundry, and garage are good places to start. Present your findings in the summary sheet. Plus a 150 word report on 4 substances in your home which are of the greatest potential danger for small children and why. Include in you report a diagram of the pH scale and write all the substances you tested alongside its pH level. Next page - Instructions

57. PH, Acids, And Bases ..................................... chemicals. Mixing acids and bases can cancel out their extreme effects;a substance that is neither acidic nor basic is neutral. The http://www.geocities.com/wcsscience/pH/page.html

Water can be hot or cold; these extremes of temperature can be neutralized by mixing hot and cold, to even out the temperature. In a similar manner, acidic and basic are two ways to describe chemicals. Mixing acids and bases can cancel out their extreme effects; a substance that is neither acidic nor basic is neutral The pH scale measures how acidic or basic a substance is. pH can range from to A pH less than 7 is acidic. A pH of 7 is neutral. A pH greater than 7 is basic. Each whole pH value below 7 is ten times more acidic than the next higher value. For example, a pH of 4 is ten times more acidic than a pH of 5 and 100 times more acidic than a pH of 6. The same holds true for pH values above 7, each of which is ten times more basic than the next lower whole value. For example, a pH of 9 is ten times more basic than a pH of 8. Pure water is neutral, with a pH of 7.0. When chemicals are mixed with water, the mixture can become either acidic or basic. Vinegar and lemon juice are acidic substances, while laundry detergents and ammonia are basic. (Another word for basic is 'alkaline') The pH Scale Again, as an example, bleach is 10 times more basic than soapy water. Acid rain is 100 times more acidic than urine.

58. Acids And Bases acids AND bases. acids are compounds which taste sour. Some common acids are1. acetylsalicylic acidaspirin. acids and bases are use to dissolve things. http://www.geocities.com/jw31645/acid-base.html

ACIDS AND BASES Acids are compounds which taste sour. Some common acids are: 1. acetylsalicylic acidaspirin 2. ascorbic acidvitamin C 3. carbonic acidin carbonated beverages such as Coca Cola 4. citric acidin fruits such as oranges, grapes, lemons and grapefruit 5. lactic acidan acid which causes muscles to fatigue. Lactic acid is also found in milk. 6. acetic acidvinegar is 5% acetic acid and 95% water 7. oxalic acidcombines with calcium to form kidney stones, and is used to clear radiatorsoxalic acid is found in many green leafy vegetables and in tea. 8. hydrochloric acidstomach acid 9. sulfuric acidthe acid used in automobile batteries 10. carbolic acidalso known as Phenol. Phenol was the first antiseptic. It was developed by Lister, and made aseptic surgery possible. 11. Malic acid-acid found in apples Strong acids: 1. H SO sulfuric acid 2. HNO nitric acid 3. HClhydrochloric acid 4. HC H O acetic acid Weak acids: 1. H CO carbonic acid 2. H PO phosphoric acid 3.C H O citric acid 4. C

59. Acids And Bases Index Lab III acids and bases. Click on the image below for the start ofthe movie acids and bases Main Menu acids and bases Main Menu. http://www.columbia.edu/cu/chemistry/edison/gallery/Lab3/

60. Montshire Museum: Acids And Bases Montshire Minute acids and bases Not interested? Well, in the past scientistshave used taste as one way to distinguish acids from bases. http://www.montshire.net/minute/mm990823.html

Montshire Minute: Acids and Bases Originally aired during the week of August 23, 1999 Monday O.K. Mr. Science person, today we're going to test liquids for acididity. Your first job is to stick this juicy slice of lemon in your mouth. Then, wash your mouth out with soap. Not interested? Well, in the past scientists have used taste as one way to distinguish acids from bases. The English chemist Robert Boyle established the following "taste criteria" for acids and bases: Acids taste sour and bases or "alkalies" (like those found in soap) feel slippery on the tongue. The name "acid" comes from the Latin word acidus meaning "sour." Citric acid is what makes lemons tart and sour. Alkalies in soap are more commonly known as bases because they are the "base" for making certain salts. There's some pretty interesting chemistry involved with acids and bases, too. Acids and bases can neutralize each other: when combined, acids lose their acidity and bases become less "alkaline" or basic. Tuesday Some neutralization reactions are just delicious. Don't believe me? As Tina Seelig writes in The Epicurean Laboratory, cooks are really doing acid-base chemistry when they bake. Let's say you're whipping up a batch of pancakes for breakfast. When you mix an acidic ingredient like buttermilk with a basic ingredient like baking soda, a neutralization occurs, producing carbon dioxide, gas, and water. The carbon dioxide bubbles expand when the batter is poured on a hot griddle, making the batter rise. Leavening agents like baking soda get most of the credit for making pancakes rise, but you actually need an acidic ingredient like buttermilk, yogurt, or even honey to make the carbon dioxide bubbles. In recipes that lack acidic ingredients, baking powder is used rather than baking soda. Baking powder is baking soda with a acid-like cream of tartar-already built in.

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