1. CHEMTUTOR ACIDS AND BASES acids AND bases. bases. pH OF STRONG acids AND bases. Strong acidsand bases have all of the dissolved material completely ionized. http://www.chemtutor.com/acid.htm

ACIDS AND BASES What is an acid or a base? Properties of acids. Properties of bases. Strong acids and bases. ... Titration and pH math problems. WHAT IS AN ACID OR A BASE? By the 1884 definition of Svante Arrhenius (Sweden), an acid is a material that can release a proton or hydrogen ion (H ). Hydrogen chloride in water solution ionizes and becomes hydrogen ions and chloride ions. If that is the case, a base, or alkali, is a material that can donate a hydroxide ion (OH We can consider the same idea in the Lowry- Brønsted fashion. Each ionizable pair has a proton donor and a proton acceptor. Acids are paired with bases. One can accept a proton and the other can donate a proton. Each acid has a proton available (an ionizable hydrogen) and another part, called the conjugate base . When the acid ionizes, the hydrogen ion is the acid and the rest of the original acid is the conjugate base. Nitric acid, HNO dissociates (splits) into a hydrogen ion and a nitrate ion. The hydrogen almost immediately joins to a water molecule to make a hydronium ion. The nitrate ion is the conjugate base of the hydrogen ion. In the second part of the reaction, water is a base (because it can accept a proton) and the hydronium ion is its conjugate base. HNO H O NO H O ACID BASE CONJUGATE BASE CONJUGATE ACID In a way, there is no such thing as a hydrogen ion or proton without anything else. They just don't exist naked like that in water solution. Remember that

2. Acids & Bases Problem Set acids and bases Problem set. In this problem set, you will learn about the solvent properties of water, pH, pKa and buffering capacity. Water as a solvent. What is pH? Physiological pH. Calculating http://www.biology.arizona.edu/biochemistry/problem_sets/ph/ph.html

Acids and Bases Problem set In this problem set, you will learn about the solvent properties of water, pH, pKa and buffering capacity. Instructions: The following problems have multiple choice answers. Correct answers are reinforced with a brief explanation. Incorrect answers are linked to tutorials to help solve the problem. Water as a solvent What is pH? Physiological pH Calculating pH ... The Biology Project The University of Arizona January 6, 1999 Contact the Development Team http://www.biology.arizona.edu CREDITS

3. Www.chem4kids.com/reactions/acidbase.html acids basesacids bases This module provides an intrioduction to acid and base chemistry. acids bases An Introduction by Anthony Carpi, Ph.D. en español. http://www.chem4kids.com/reactions/acidbase.html

4. Acids Bases Section Ie acids bases. In the simple formalism proposed independently by Bronsted and Lowry in 1923, an the treatment of nonBronsted acids and bases. For example, diethyl ether http://chipo.chem.uic.edu/web1/ocol/SB/1-7.htm

In the simple formalism proposed independently by Bronsted and Lowry in 1923, an acid was defined as a proton donor and a base was defined as a proton acceptor. In the simple acid-base reaction shown below, H O is termed a Bronsted Acid, and HO a Bronsted Base. In writing organic reaction mechanisms, the flow of electrons is often shown using "curved arrows" and in the example shown, the arrows are designed to show that an unshared pair of electrons from hydroxide anion moves to abstract a proton from H O , with the simultaneous movement of an electron pair from the bonding orbital to form an unshared pair of electrons on oxygen. Acid-base reactions are, by definition, equilibria, and the ratio of products and reactants from the proton transfer reaction is given by the equilibrium constant according to the equation shown below. In the reactions shown above, the two-carbon carboxylic acid, acetic acid (more correctly, ethanoic acid) acts as a Bronsted acid and donates a proton to the Bronsted base, water. The products of the reaction are the carboxylate anion (acetate or ethanoate anion) and H O . The equilibrium constant

5. Acids And Bases acids, bases, and salts are key chemicals in chemistry. Physical science students use this page to learn about these chemicals. Neutralization. Titration. Salt. Solubility Rules. acids, bases, and Salts Litmus Paper, Phenolphthalein, and Bromthymol Blue are indicators that will change colors in acids and bases http://www.howe.k12.ok.us/~jimaskew/pacid.htm

Physical Science Week 17 Day 1 Day 2 Day 3 Lab ... 9 weeks test review This Week's Process Standards: 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 2.1, 2.2, 3.3, 3.4, 3.5, 4.1, 4.2, 6.1, 6.3, 6.4 Content Standards: 1.1, 1.3 Instructional Technology Standards: 2.1, 4.2 Acid Hydronium ion Binary acid Ternary acid Base Hydroxide ion pH scale Neutral Indicator Litmus Phenolphthalein Neutralization Titration Salt Solubility Rules Acids, Bases, and Salts What element is written first in the formula of all acids? (28 min) Acid properties: Acids produce the hydronium ion, H O in solution. Acids donate protons in chemical reaction. Remember that chemical reactions do not involve the atomic nucleus. When the electron is removed from hydrogen, making a hydrogen ion, the particle that remains is a proton. Acids taste sour. The sour taste of citrus fruits is caused by citric acid. Never taste acids in the science lab! Common acids contain hydrogen that is ionized in aqueous (water) solution. Whether an acid is strong or weak depends on the amount of hydrogen ionized. Naming acids: Binary acids - Composed of two elements, hydrogen and a nonmetal.

6. Acids And Bases acids and bases. Previous Test Bank Solutions of Strong acids and bases. Conjugate acids and bases http://lrc-srvr.mps.ohio-state.edu/under/chemed/qbank/quiz/bank12.htm

Acids and Bases Previous Test Bank Test Banks Menu Next Test Bank Solutions of Strong Acids and Bases Conjugate Acids and Bases pH Calculations from Acid Concentration pH for a Solution of a Base Hydronium Ion Concentration from pH Hydroxide Ion Concentration from pH Effect of Temperature on K w Strength of Conjugate Acid and Base Pairs Acid Equilibrium and Lechatelier's Principle Manipulating K a Values Hydronium Ion [H O ] from Ionization Constant Hydronium Ion [H O ] Concentration from Ionization of Hydrated Metal Ions Ionization Constant from Hydronium Ion [H O ] Concentration Ionization Constant of Hydrated Metal Ions from Hydronium Ion [H O ] Concentration pH from Acid Concentration and Ionization Constant Calculations Using Quadratic Formula Qualitative Observations on the Hydrolysis of Salts Acid/conjugate Base Ratios Hydrolysis Constant from Ionization Constant Hydroxide Ion Concentration from Hydrolysis Hydronium Ion Concentration from Hydrolysis pH from Hydrolysis Hydronium Ion Concentration for a Buffer Solution pH of a Buffer Solution pH for Buffer Solution from pK a Polyprotic Acids Strength of Acids Percent Ionization Using Quadratic Expression K a from Percent Ionization Equivalent Weight of An Acid pH During a Titration Undergraduate Chemistry Department Home Chemistry Undergrad Home Undergraduate Program ... College of Math and Physical Sciences Web Support: email Computer Support: Computer Staff

7. BrainPOP - Heath, Science, Technology Animation And Educational Site For Kids. Animated movies, comic strips, activity pages and homework assistance. Includes several topics in chemistry, including isotopes, periodic table, and acids and bases. http://www.brainpop.com/science/matter/

All Movies ENGLISH - Book Report - Business Letter - Citing Sources - Colons Semicolons - Contractions - DiagrammingSentences - Dialogue - FiveParagraphEssay - Interjections - Internet Searching - Nouns - Parts Of Speech - Personal Pronouns - Point of View - Prep. Phrases - Prewriting Organize - Prewriting Topic - Public Speaking - Punctuations - Reading A Newspaper - Reading Skills - Research - Run-On Sentences - Show, Not Tell - StrengthenSentence - Subject Predicate - Subject-VerbAgreement - Test Preparation - Test Taking Skills - The Writing Process - They're Their There - Types of Sentences - Types Of Writing - Verbs - Writing In Sequence HEALTH - Acne - ADHD - Aging - Anthrax - Asthma - Babies - Blood - Blood Glucose - Blood Pressure - Body Chemistry - Body Weight - Bone Structure - Brain - Broken Bones - Cancer - Cells - Circulatory System - Diabetes - Digestion - Digestive System - DNA - Drug Abuse - Dyslexia - Endocrine System - Eyes - Fitness - Genes - Hair - Hearing - Heart - Heredity - HIV/AIDS - Homeostasis - Hormones - Immune System - Immune System Adv - Joints - Juvenile RA - Lyme Disease - Muscular System - Nails - Nervous System - Nutrition - Peak Flow - Period - Puberty - ReproductiveSystem - Respiration - RespiratorySystem - SARS - Skeletal System - Skin - Sleep - Smallpox - Smell - Smoking - Spinal Cord - Sun Protection - Taste - Teeth - Twins - Urinary System - Vision - Voice - Your Body MATH - AddSubtractFracs - AddSubtractFracsAdv - AddSubtractIntegers - AddSubtractIntsAdv - AreaParallelogram - AreaPolygons - AssociativeProperty - Basic Probability - Commutative - Comparing Prices

8. Chem4Kids.com:Reactions:Acids And Bases acids AND bases ARE EVERYWHERE Look around you and every liquid you see will probablybe either an acid or a base. The only exception would be distilled water. http://www.chem4kids.com/files/react_acidbase.html

Reactions Thermodynamics Equilibrium Reaction Rates ... Stoichiometry More on Kapili: Thermodynamics Search ACIDS AND BASES ARE EVERYWHERE Look around you and every liquid you see will probably be either an acid or a base. The only exception would be distilled water. Distilled water is just water. That's it. Most water you drink has ions in it. It is those ions which make something acidic or basic. In your body there are small compounds called Amino Acids. Those are acids (Duhh). In fruits there is something called Citric Acid. That's an acid too (Duhh again). But what about baking soda? When you put that in water it makes a base. Vinegar? Acid. Scientists use something called the " pH " scale to measure how acidic or basic a liquid is. The scale goes from "0" to "14". Distilled water is 7 (right in the middle). Acids are found between "0" and "7". Bases are from "7" to "14". Most of the liquids you find every day have a pH near "7", either a little below, or a little above. When you start looking at the pH of chemicals the numbers go to the extremes. If you ever go into a chemistry lab, you could find solutions with a pH of "1" and others with a pH of "14". Those chemicals are very dangerous. There are pH values higher than 14 and lower than 0, but let's just start with 0-14. NAMES TO KNOW Here are a couple of definitions you should know...

9. Cyber Ed® - Cyber Ed® Multimedia Courseware Multimedia Courseware for general Chemistry, including atomic structure, bonding, formulas and equations, stoichiometry, nomenclature, acids and bases, and periodic table. Available for Windows and Macintosh. http://www.cybered.net/products/subjects/science/CyberEdChemistry/

Atomic Structure Bonding I Bonding I I Chemical Equilibrium ... Support To Order Toll-Free: Contact Us

10. Visionlearning Acids & Bases acids bases This module provides an intrioduction to acid and base chemistry. The Arrhenius and BronstedLowry concepts of acids and bases are discussed as well as the pH scale and About Visionlearning. acids bases. An Introduction. by Anthony Carpi, Ph.D. there are many slightly different definitions of acids and bases, in this lesson we will introduce the http://www.visionlearning.com/library/science/chemistry-2/CHE2.2-acid_base.htm

This page should redirect you to the new address for this Lesson in a moment.

11. Tamer Labs Research and development company focuses its proprietary efforts on the complex chemical relationship between acids and bases in the human body. http://www.tamer.com/

E n t e r S i t e :

12. Some Remarks On The Concept Of Acids And Bases Selection from an article published in Recueil des Travaux Chimiques des PaysBas, 1923. http://dbhs.wvusd.k12.ca.us/Chem-History/Bronsted-Article.html

13. Acids And Bases Definitions of acids and bases and the Role of Water. Properties of acids andbases According to Boyle. The Arrhenius Definition of acids and bases. http://chemed.chem.purdue.edu/genchem/topicreview/bp/ch11/acidbaseframe.html

Definitions of Acids and Bases and the Role of Water Properties of Acids and Bases According to Boyle The Arrhenius Definition of Acids and Bases The Role of H and OH ... The Role of Water in the Brønsted Theory Properties of Acids and Bases According to Boyle In 1661 Robert Boyle summarized the properties of acids as follows. 1. Acids have a sour taste. 2. Acids are corrosive. 3. Acids change the color of certain vegetable dyes, such as litmus, from blue to red. 4. Acids lose their acidity when they are combined with alkalies. The name "acid" comes from the Latin acidus , which means "sour," and refers to the sharp odor and sour taste of many acids. Examples: Vinegar tastes sour because it is a dilute solution of acetic acid in water. Lemon juice tastes sour because it contains citric acid. Milk turns sour when it spoils because lactic acid is formed, and the unpleasant, sour odor of rotten meat or butter can be attributed to compounds such as butyric acid that form when fat spoils. In 1661 Boyle summarized the properties of alkalies as follows.

14. ThinkQuest : Library : Chemistry Thinkquest site offering an overview of atoms, molecules, phases of matter, acids, bases, and elements. Includes games, quizzes, bibliography, and glossary. http://library.thinkquest.org/J001539/

Index Physical Science Chemistry Chemistry Bubbling over with fun ways to learn, this site explores the basics of Chemistry. Compare the properties of solids, liquids and gases. Find out more about the elements that make up our world with simple and fun experiments. Visit Chemistry! Visit Site 2000 ThinkQuest USA Want to build a ThinkQuest site? The ThinkQuest site above is one of thousands of educational web sites built by students from around the world. Click here to learn how you can build a ThinkQuest site. Privacy Policy

15. Bronsted Acids And Bases Brønsted acids and bases. H 2 O pK a = 15.7. An important features of theBrønsted theory is the relationship it creates between acids and bases. http://chemed.chem.purdue.edu/genchem/topicreview/bp/bronsted/bronsted.html

Acids and Bases For more than 300 years, substances that behaved like vinegar have been classified as acids , while those that have properties like the ash from a wood fire have been called alkalies or bases . The name "acid" comes from the Latin acidus , which means "sour," and refers to the sharp odor and sour taste of many acids. Vinegar tastes sour because it is a dilute solution of acetic acid in water; lemon juice is sour because it contains citric acid; milk turns sour when it spoils because of the formation of lactic acid; and the sour odor of rotten meat can be attributed to carboxylic acids such as butyric acid formed when fat spoils. Today, when chemists use the words "acid" or "base" they refer to a model developed independently by Brønsted, Lowry, and Bjerrum. Since the most explicit statement of this theory was contained in the writings of Brønsted, it is most commonly known as the "Brønsted acid-base" theory. ion, or proton. Water reacts with itself, for example, by transferring an H ion from one molecule to another to form an H O ion and an OH ion.

16. Exploring Acids And Bases In addition, you will learn how chemists use the pH scale to describe acidsand bases. Cabbage extract can be called an acidbase indicator. http://scifun.chem.wisc.edu/HOMEEXPTS/ACIDBASE.html

Acids are materials that have certain properties in common. Bases (also called alkalis) are other substances with a different set of properties. In these experiments, you will investigate some of these properties with materials that are found around your home. In addition, you will learn how chemists use the pH scale to describe acids and bases. The most striking property of both acids and bases is their ability to change the color of certain vegetable materials. A common vegetable whose color responds to acids and bases is red cabbage. The first step in this experiment is to prepare an extract of red cabbage, so you can investigate its color changes. Place about 500 milliliters (2 cups) of red cabbage cut into 2.5-centimeter (1-inch) cubes into a blender or food processor. Add about 250 milliliters (1 cup) of water and blend the mixture until the cabbage has been chopped into uniformly tiny pieces. Strain the mixture by pouring it through a sieve. This strained liquid, the red-cabbage extract, will be used for exploring acids and bases. The color of the cabbage extract with vinegar is the color the extract has when it is mixed with an acid. Save the mixture in this glass to use as a reference in the rest of the experiment.

17. Acids, Bases, And Salts Learning about acids, bases, and Salts. , http://astro.uchicago.edu/home/web/lenz/abs.html

18. Acids Bases And Salts acids bases and Salts. 1. Electrolytes. Electrolytes are compounds AcidBase2. 2. Arrhenius Theory. acids and bases Defined Acid. An acid is http://www.chemistrycoach.com/acids.htm

Electrolytes Arrhennius Theory Bronsted Theory Lewis Theory Acids Bases and Salts 1. Electrolytes Electrolytes are compounds that ionize in water to produce aqueous solutions that conduct an electric current. Nonelectrolytes are substances that do not ionize, remain as molecules, and do not conduct an electric current. Strength : Strong electrolytes are molecules that ionize 100% (or nearly so) and conduct an electric current well. Weak electrolytes barely or partially ionize; most molecules remaining un-ionized, and conduct an electric current poorly. Examples : Nitric acid (HNO ) is a strong electrolyte. HNO + NO If 1.00 mole of HNO is dissolved in water, it will ionize to produce 1.00 mole of H and 1.00 mole of NO . There will not be any HNO left, unionized. By contrast, one mole of a weak electrolyte will produce much less than 1.00 mole of its constituent ions. One mole of acetic acid HC H O + C H O might produce .05 moles of H and .05 moles of C H O and still contain .95 moles of the original acetic acid. Some problems with detailed solutions 1. Calculate the concentrations of ions in .020 M HCl solution. HCl is a strong electrolyte.

19. General Chemistry Online: FAQ: Acids And Bases A searchable database of frequently asked questions from the acids and bases section of General Chemistry Online. Solids. Liquids. Solutions. acids bases. Redox reactions. Reaction rates Home FAQ. acids and bases Frequently asked questions http://antoine.frostburg.edu/chem/senese/101/acidbase/faq.shtml

Home Common Compounds Exam Guide FAQ Features Glossary Companion Notes Just Ask Antoine! ... FAQ Acids and bases: Frequently asked questions Basic concepts and definitions Why are acids called proton donors? Why can't hydrogen ions exist by themselves? How is [H ] found from pH? ... What is pH? Buffer solutions What is the buffer system in buffered aspirin? Which species in a NH Cl/NH buffer reacts with acid? ... How do I prepare a phosphate buffer solution with a specific pH? Calculating pH How does hydrolysis enter into pH calculations? How do I calculate the pH for a strong acid solution after dilution? Equilibrium constants How is pK a related to pK b ... 's on the Web? Indicators What indicators change from clear to colored? What household substances can be used as acid/base indicators? What is methyl orange? How is it made? What are some natural acid/base indicators? ... Are all acid/base indicators water-based? Neutralization reactions Which reacts more vigorously with limestone: glacial acetic acid or 5% acetic acid? How can copper sulfate be made by a neutralization reaction? What are the products of the reaction between limestone and acidic water? Is any toxic gas produced when acetic acid and limestone react? Strong and weak acids and bases Is ammonia a weak base?

20. ThinkQuest : Library : CHEMystery - Interactive Guide To Understanding Chemistry acids and bases. acids and bases were first identified as specific typesof compounds because of their behavior in aqueous solutions. http://library.thinkquest.org/3659/acidbase/

Index Physical Science Chemistry CHEMystery - Interactive Guide to Understanding Chemistry Everything a high school student needs to know about chemistry is at this site in a fun, imaginative, comprehensive presentation that catches the eye. Find a periodic table that looks and acts differently than any you've seen before. Research atoms, molecules, organic chemistry, equilibriums, acids and bases, nuclear reactions and more. This excellent site claims to be a virtual text book and that's not an empty promise. Even if you don't like chemistry, check out this site. Languages: English. Visit Site 1996 ThinkQuest Internet Challenge Awards GEM Languages English Students Clyde Ward Melville High School, East Setauket, NY, United States Gaurav Ward Melville High School, East Setauket, NY, United States Christopher Brentwood High School Ross Building, Brentwood, NY, United States Coaches Melanie Ward Melville High School, Setauket, NY, United States John Brentwood High School Ross Building, Brentwood, NY, United States Want to build a ThinkQuest site?

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