101. Met Special Topics Page | Ubirr (40,000? B.C.-present) for more detail, The rock art of the Australian aborigines represents the longestcontinuously practiced series of artistic traditions anywhere in the world. http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/ubir/hd_ubir.htm

Related Timeline Content Timelines Oceania, 8000-2000 B.C. Special Topics X-ray Style in Arnhem Land Rock Art Maps World Map, 20,000-8000 B.C. Australia Prehistoric site of Ubirr, in Arnhem Land. Enlarge for more detail Pre-Estuarine rock art is characterized by a variety of images in red ocher pigments. In historic times, such images were created with brushes made from bark, feathers, or the chewed ends of sticks, and it is likely similar tools were used in the past. Among the most distinctive images are the animated stick figures of the Dynamic Figure tradition, which are often depicted clad in elaborate regalia and shown participating in hunting and other activities. Some contemporary Aboriginals identify these figures as mimi , slender spirits who taught humans to hunt and paint during the Dreaming, or creation period. In present-day Aboriginal belief, many Dynamic Figure images are said to have been painted by mimi rather than humans. Pre-Estuarine rock paintings also include depictions of extinct animals and enigmatic beings that combine the features of humans and wild yams. Rock painting had several functions in historic times. Images were created to increase the population of game animals or for use in magic. Depictions of important Dreaming beings are common, as well as secular paintings made for amusement. Although the original significance of Ubirr's prehistoric images is unknown, they likely had similar functions.

102. The Straight Dope Mailbag: Where Did Australian Aborigines Come From? Where did Australian aborigines come from? Dear Straight Dope My brother andI were watching a movie that had a subplot about Australian aborigines. http://www.straightdope.com/mailbag/maborigi.html

Home Page News Archive Books ... FAQs, etc. From Cecil's Mailbag by the Straight Dope Science Advisory Board Where did Australian aborigines come from? Dear Straight Dope: My brother and I were watching a movie that had a subplot about Australian aborigines. We were wondering whether the aborigines came from Asia. If so, where? Who are their closest genetic relitives? Please, our curiosity is killing us!!! banana SDSTAFF Tech replies: Around 75000 BC, archaeologists have decided, anatomically modern humans first began sweeping southward into Indochina from China and India. From there, it took awhile for them to figure out such things as "boats," but evidence seems to indicate that the first humans made the move across Indonesia, and thence to Australia and Tasmania, sometime around 40000 BC. (Boats, by the way, may not have been necessary for all of this journey; sea levels are thought to have been lower then and the aborigines may have used a now-submerged land bridge known as the Sahul Shelf.) Genetically, aborigines are classified as "Australoid;" they're essentially a mixing of Caucasoid, Mongoloid, and Negroid stock, and it's hard to say who their closest "relatives" would be. SDSTAFF Tech Straight Dope Science Advisory Board Comment on this answer.

103. Rainer's Australien Outback-Guide: Australien-Links - Aborigines (Travel Permits Australian aborigines. http://www.outback-guide.de/ozlinks/aborigines.htm

Qicksearch: Search Sitemap Changes Info welcome to Rainer's Australien www Outback-Guide .de Home Bikes Guide Stories ... [+] Touristik Aborigines Allgemein Private Seiten Travel Permits Geschichte ... Allgemeines Australien-Links: Aborigines Falls doch, mailt mir doch bitte... Allgemein: Rainer's Seiten zum Thema Aboriginal Studies WWW Virtual Library FrogAndToad: Indegenous Australia Aborigines Seite bei Bluewin viele Dreamtime Geschichten Aboriginalaustralia.com (Die Internetseiten von Aboriginal Australia Pty Ltd) Aboriginal and Torres Srait Islander Comission (ATSIC) Australien Direkt Australien-info.de Lateline ... AIATSIS Australian Institute for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies KooriNet Webseite an der Uni Sydney, Aboriginal Searchengine: BlackTracka

104. Language Of The Australian Aborigines By L.E. Threlkeld (1858) University Of New Digital PDF version of Language of the Australian aborigines byLE Threlkeld in Waugh s Australian Almanac for the Year 1858. http://www.newcastle.edu.au/services/library/collections/archives/int/threlkeld/

Author Threlkeld, L. E. (Lancelot Edward), 1788-1859 Title "Language of the Australian Aborigines" by L.E. Threlkeld in Waugh's Australian Almanac for the Year 1858 . pp.60-80 Published Sydney: James Waugh, 1858. Location AUCH - RB/COLL REF S919.4/78 (1858) PDF threlkeld1858.pdf (2.07 MB) PDF(OCR) threlkeld1858ocr.pdf (616 kB) University of Newcastle Australia Back to The Coquun-Hunter River Project Back to The Digital Scriptorium Auchmuty Library University of Newcastle Webdesign by Gionni Di Gravio

105. Australian Images Of Aborigines From The 19th Century IMAGES OF AUSTRALIAN aborigines from the 19thcentury popularpress Images 1- 10 1 -scroll right , 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8,9, 10. http://www.newcastle.edu.au/discipline/fine-art/theory/race/aborigin.htm

IMAGES OF AUSTRALIAN ABORIGINES from the 19th-century popular press [Images 1- 10] 1 -scroll right > To Images Illustrated Sydney News Oct. 15, 1864 p.13 Sydney Punch Dec. 7, 1867 p.7 Sydney Punch , March 14, 1868, p.122 Illustrated Sydney News , Sept. 19, 1874, p.17 Sydney Punch , Aug. 24, 1878 p.165 Queensland Figaro , Aug.6, 1887 p.225 Queensland Figaro , Dec. 10, 1887 p.936 Sydney Punch , Aug. 15, 1868 p98 Queensland Punch , April 1, 1879 p.91 Sydney Punch , Dec. 8, 1866 p.17 BACK TO 1 WARNING Email Ross Woodrow

106. Aborigines, Australian aborigines, Australian. The Australian aborigines established themselves throughoutAustralia, including Tasmania, long before Europeans discovered it. http://ntwww.grolier.com/scripts/up.idc?seqid=0000760-0&Version=9&Serial=000000&

107. English Teaching Resources, Australia. Please Link To Main Page: Www.QuistInfo.d History Aspects of australia Course Notes - Cook s version and theAborigines australia - Culture, Geography, Facts, History, Etc. http://hjem.get2net.dk/niels_quist/austral.htm

Flag from www.3dflags.com Australia Didgeridoo by Niels Quist (Explorer) The National Anthem (sound requires Explorer) Waltzing Matilda - The Unofficial National Anthem (Explorer) About The Flag and The Aboriginal Flag Australian Institutions and Official Links ... Weather in Australia The Australian flag is composed of Union Jack and six white stars on a blue background. The Union Jack is a part of the flag due to the fact that Australia is a former British colony and is still a member of the Commonwealth. The five stars to the right are called "The Southern Cross" and represent a constellation of stars visible in the southern hemisphere. The last and biggest star is called the Federation Star. It represents the Federation of the Australian colonies in 1901. There is also the Aboriginal flag. It was created in 1971. The black represents the Aboriginal people, the red the Earth and their spiritual relationship to the land, and the yellow the sun, the giver of life. Australian Institutions, Etc. The Australian Government Information The Homepage of the Federal Government - portal and links The Australian Embassy (in Washington D.C.) The Royal Flying Doctor Service ... Termite Mounds - Photo and Comments * Books On-line, Literature, Prose, Poetry Australian Literature OzLit Postcolonial Sites - not only Australia - Literature Stories from Australia Stories from Australia Culture Alice Springs School of the Air Australia - Culture, Geography, Facts, History, Etc.

108. Fire-by-friction Methods Of The Australian Aborigines Fireby-Friction Methods of the Australian aborigines. by Dick Baugh(January 23, 2000). There are at least two different methods http://www.primitiveways.com/pt-firesaw.html

Fire-by-Friction Methods of the Australian Aborigines by Dick Baugh (January 23, 2000) There are at least two different methods used by the Aboriginal people of Australia to start fires. This article describes them. Australian Aborigines are one of the few remaining cultural groups which are still familiar with their traditional subsistence methods. I had always wondered what methods were used by indigenous people who habitually start a fire by friction protected their fire sticks from moisture. This would be particularly relevant in the Northern Territory where 6 months out of each year there are monsoon rains on a daily basis. On a recent trip to Australia my wife and I saw young Aboriginal men (Remember, in Australia 'abo' is a pejorative) at the Tjakupai Cultural Center in the Northern Territory start a fire with a hand-spun drill. They had a nicely made little case, covered with some sort of bark and resin and decorated with red seeds. The business end of the spindle and the hearthboard were protected by this cover. The entire assembly was then leaned, case up, against a tree. Only the parts which needed protection from the elements were protected. An alternate method, involving only two persons, would be to have the two persons kneel on one knee on opposite sides of the split stick. Their forward foot would be placed on the split stick to hold it securely. In this manner two persons could simultaneously hold the split stick down and do the sawing.

109. OzOutback: Postcards From The REAL Australia There were about 500 tribes and as many languages among the 300 000Aborigines living in australia when the Europeans arrived. Today http://www.ozoutback.com.au/postcards/

Photos from the Real AUSTRALIA Index of all Photos and Screensavers M a p . t h i s . p a g e OUTBACK AUSTRALIA Australia is the world's smallest continent and sixth-largest country with an area of 7 682 300 sq. km. It has relatively speaking more desert land than any other continent and, with about 18 million inhabitants, a low population density. Australia's isolation accounts for its unique varieties of vegetation and animal life and its distinct Aboriginal culture. Although a highly developed country, vast areas of the interior, known as the Outback, remain all but uninhabited. The Outback has changed little in centuries and could therefore be called the Real Australia. In many parts of Australia the Paleolithic culture of the Aborigines did not survive European settlement of the early 1800s. Living from fishing, hunting, and gathering, the Aborigines developed kinship systems and rich and complex mythologies. There were about 500 tribes and as many languages among the 300 000 Aborigines living in Australia when the Europeans arrived. Today their numbers have increased again and their society is in transition, yet Aboriginal culture lives on, adapting to the modern world. In Outback Australia both Aboriginal culture and the western pioneer culture live side by side in a vast and varied land of great contrast, harsh and beautiful, arid one part of the year, flooded the other, sometimes blazing hot, while frost may occur in the Centre as well. A land of deserts and waterfalls, balmy tropical nights and cyclones. It's unique. We love it.

110. Australian Aborigines Welcome to my Australian aborigines web page. This is the beginning ofan attempt to give a general introduction to the native peoples http://www.astronomy.pomona.edu/archeo/Other student web sites/Alex N Smith/abor

Welcome to my Australian Aborigines web page. This is the beginning of an attempt to give a general introduction to the native peoples of Australia and their many varied cultures and traditions. Specifically, this page will focus on the legends and astronomy of these peoples in conjunction with the Archaeoastronomy class at Pomona College. Please choose an option History Astronomy Stories Statistics ... Links This site is best viewed with at least the 3.0 versions of either or Microsoft Internet Explorer Alexander N. Smith ansmith@pomona.edu

111. Australia Before The Europeans destroyed. In my travels throughout australia I have met many Aboriginesfrom other parts who have lost their culture. They have http://inquirer.gn.apc.org/aborig.html

Australia before the Europeans. By Janine Roberts - from her book, 'Massacres to Mining.' -with some additional research. The gorge was narrow, the cliffs low but steep. The sun glared from the exposed rocks. I clung to the shade as I explored its winding course. It was dry underfoot but when rare desert rains came it would turn into a deadly torrent. I was in the Flinders Ranges, the range of deeply eroded hills that divide the vast salt bush plains of south Australia. I had not gone far before I came upon circles carved deeply into rocks. Then, turning a bend, I entered a flat sand floored arena. On either side the cliffs were intricately carved with lines, curves, spirals and circles. It was a strange place of magic that held me. Clearly this was a place naturally made for dancing and ceremony. I had been told that Aborigines were so primitive that they had no writing. Commen prejudice told me that these were primitive drawings by a tribe unable to draw the realistic paintings of the north. But suddenly, sitting there, contemplating them from a rocky seat, I realised that prejudice had blinded me. These were no poor drawings. They were abstract hieroglyphics belonging to a written language. I was latter to learn that this ancient writing was over 23,000 years old - and that it was still understood by a few surviving descendents today. Aboriginal people were in Australia over 40,000 years before the first Europeans reached the continent. Some now say for over 100,000 years. Their culture thus predates by tens of thousands of years the building of the pyramids in Egypt a mere 4,500 years ago. The Bunggunditj tribe of around Mt. Gambier in South Australia has in its oral history how Mt. Muirhead erupted (20,000 years ago) and then how Mt Gambier erupted (5,000 years ago). At Keilor near Melbourne a 31,OOO years old Aboriginal camp has been found. People then hunted wombat-like creatures, today wild pig sized animals, then as big as rhinoceroses as well as ten foot high kangaroos. These became extinct many thousand years ago but they are still remembered in Aboriginal history told from generation to generation

112. Myths And Legends Of The Australian Aborigines Click to enlarge Myths and Legends of the Australian aborigines W. Ramsay Smith.Our Price, $19.95. Availability In Stock. (Usually ships in 24 to 48 hours). http://store.doverpublications.com/0486427099.html

American History, American...... American Indians Anthropology, Folklore, My...... Antiques Architecture Art Bridge and Other Card Game...... Business and Economics Chess Children Clip Art and Design on CD-...... Cookbooks, Nutrition Crafts Detective, Ghost , Superna...... Dover Patriot Shop Ethnic Interest Features Gift Certificates Gift Ideas History, Political Science...... Holidays Humor Languages and Linguistics Literature Magic, Legerdemain Military History, Weapons ...... Music Nature Performing Arts, Drama, Fi...... Philosophy and Religion Photography Posters Puzzles, Amusement, Recrea...... Science and Mathematics Sociology, Anthropology, M...... Sports, Out-of-Door Activi...... Stationery, Gift Sets Stationery, Seasonal Books...... Summer Fun Shop Summer Reading Shop Travel and Adventure Women's Studies By Subject Sociology, Anthropology, Mythology Myths and Legends of the Australian Aborigines W. Ramsay Smith Our Price Availability: In Stock (Usually ships in 24 to 48 hours) Format: Book ISBN: Page Count: Dimensions: 5 3/8 x 8 1/2 Myths and Legends of the Australian Aboriginals

113. Aboriginalartcentre.com http://www.aboriginalaustralia.com.au/

This site requires a frames capable browser. If you don't have a frames capable browser, you may be able to click here to go to the correct site. Keywords: Need domain name registration ? This domain was registered through .

114. Aboriginal Art, Culture & Tourism Information aborigine culture Our award winning Aboriginal tour operation is a fully owned and andvisit our Cultural Centre and many unique Central Australian places of http://aboriginalart.com.au/

The award winning WELCOMES YOU - TO CENTRAL AUSTRALIA For 40 000 years this area has been a traditional "meeting place" for the trading of Aboriginal artifacts, knowledge, Aboriginal art and Aboriginal culture. You can now experience our vibrant living culture today through our website. Enter in your language Purchase high quality Aboriginal Art direct from Central Australian Aboriginal communities through our new personalized sales and consulting service. Meet the Aboriginal Artists and learn the dreamtime stories associated with the Art. We can also organise exhibitions and art shows. Our award winning Aboriginal tour operation is a fully owned and operated Aboriginal enterprise. Book tours and visit and visit our Cultural Centre and many unique Central Australian places of interest. It is a unique opportunity for you to share in our culture We are proud of the fact the our interactive DIDGERIDOO UNIVERSITY was one of the first sites in the world to feature online Didgeridoo lessons.

115. Aboriginal Fine Arts Gallery The Australian Aboriginals see Dreamings is a European term used by Aboriginesto describe their stories about religious or spiritual beliefs, from the http://www.ozemail.com.au/~hallpa/indexb.html

Aboriginal Fine Arts Gallery P aintings by S ome of A ustralia's M ost P rominent A boriginal A rtists A walk through the gallery Paintings Central Desert Arnhemland Special works of interest Works on Bark Carvings Artists LARGEST collection of ABORIGINAL ART on the NET A boriginal paintings are the oldest living art tradition in the world and yet represents one of the most fascinating and popular art investments to date. "The Australian Aboriginals see themselves as the custodians of this country. Their dreaming is not just of the land, but of the song, dance and mythology of the land. The paintings we see on canvas today were originally painted in the sand and only lasted until the wind blew. Canvas is durable and has given the world a chance to learn about the Aboriginals' 'dreaming', their way of life and values. (Malcolm Jagamarra Dreaming Stories) Aboriginal Art has now taken its place in the collections of the great museums and galleries around the world and is widely sought after. Rich and complex beliefs embodied in the Dreaming are expressed in art with many layers of meaning that reflects a unique world-view. Present day enthusiasm for Aboriginal art testifies to its persistent dynamism and vitality. Dreamings is a European term used by Aborigines to describe their stories about religious or spiritual beliefs, from the beginning of creation to the present.

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