21. BBC NEWS | Technology | Digital Salvation For Aboriginal Art From BBC, australia's aborigines have turned to digital technology to preserve their unique rock art for future generations. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/technology/2557951.stm

NEWS SPORT WEATHER WORLD SERVICE ... A-Z INDEX SEARCH You are in: Technology News Front Page Africa Americas ... Programmes SERVICES Daily E-mail News Ticker Mobile/PDAs Text Only ... Help EDITIONS Change to UK Tuesday, 10 December, 2002, 08:39 GMT Digital salvation for Aboriginal art The Anangu have been visiting the rock for millennia Australia's aborigines have turned to digital technology to preserve their unique rock art for future generations, as Sharon Mascall reports from Melbourne. Uluru, or Ayers Rock as Australia's white settlers called it, is an icon of the Outback attracting millions of visitors every year. Its traditional Aboriginal owners, called Anangu, have been visiting the rock for millennia, documenting their creation stories and history at over 90 rock art sites around the base. Now, in a world first, they have teamed up with scientists from the University of Melbourne to preserve their art and ancestry in digital format. "It's very much what some people would call a keeping place," explains Cliff Ogleby, from the University's Department of Geomatics. "There are keeping places here, there is a men's keeping place and women's keeping place where things that are important to them can be kept and looked after.

22. Use Of Insects By Australian Aborigines, Cultural Entomology Digest 1 Lamothe Rug Art, For more than 40,000 years before European navigators visited theshores of the Great South Land, aborigines occupied australia, including its http://www.insects.org/ced1/aust_abor.html

by Dr. Ron Cherry Reproduced, with permission, from ESA American Entomologist (32: 8-13) Lorraine Lamothe Rug Art For more than 40,000 years before European navigators visited the shores of the Great South Land, Aborigines occupied Australia, including its arid deserts, tropical rainforests, coastal plains, mountains, and especially its major river systems. Estimates by anthropologists put the population of Australian Aborigines before 1770 at more than 300,000. They spoke 500 different languages grouped in thirty-one related language families. Aborigines were completely at home in their surroundings and had no trouble "living off the land." This was mainly because of their intimate knowledge of the topography and natural resources of their tribal territories, and their complete understanding of the habits of the animals they hunted. The Australian aborigines extensively used insects from their surroundings as food, medicine, and as part of their cultural beliefs. However, most data concerning the use of insects by Australian Aborigines occur as scattered references in various anthropological, gastronomical, and pharmaceutical sources. This article highlights the use of insects by the Australian Aborigines. Another lepidopteran that was considered a food delicacy by the Aborigines was the witchety grub. Although different source suggest different names for this insect, the larvae of (Xyleutes leucomochla Turn) is the true witchety grub of the Aborigines. Witchety grubs (larvae) are found in the roots of Acacia bushes, commonly known as the witchety bush in central Australia. These grubs were the most important insect food of the desert and were a much values staple in the diet of the Aborigines-especially women and children. Men also loved the grubs but would seldom dig them. The grubs were collected by digging up the roots and chopping them up to obtain the grubs within. The grubs can be eaten raw or can be cooked in ashes. Cooking causes the grub to swell and their skins to stiffen. Cooked witchety grubs frequently have been likened in taste to almonds. The larvae are rich in calories, protein, and fat. Ten large grubs are sufficient to provide the daily needs of an adult.

23. Australian Aboriginals aborigines have occupied australia for at least forty thousand years. The australianaborigines used a limited variety of implements to make musical sounds. http://www.crystalinks.com/aboriginals.html

Australian Aboriginals The literal translation of the word 'Aborigine' is: the people who were here from the beginning. It is not synonymous (doesn't have the same meaning), as the word 'indigenous' as this means originating in an area (latin: indigena = in (in) + ginere (be born) in a particular place. There is no written record regarding prehistoric Aboriginal Australia. Knowledge of the past is found in archaeological evidence and Aboriginal oral traditions which have been handed down from generation to generation. Therefore using reliable dates derived from archaeological evidence, theories of the initial colonization of Australia have been determined. Prior to colonization which began in January 1788, the Australian Aborigines lived a lifestyle based on their Dreamtime beliefs. They had survived as a race for thousands of years and their lifestyle and cultural practices had remained virtually unchanged during that time. We refer to this as the traditional period. However colonization imposed changes on the Aborigines as people who lived in areas that were being settled by the Europeans, were forced off their land as towns and farms were developed. We identify the period in which the changes took place, as the historical period. The sort of changes that took place usually commenced with explorers entering the area of a tribe and being challenged by the people for trespassing on their land. The Europeans often (usually) responded by shooting at the people. Many were killed. When settlers followed the explorers and began felling trees and building farms, they restricted the ability of the Aborigines to move freely around their land. They also destroyed their traditional food sources.

24. AOG WILCANNIA Scott and Kathy Lamshed are in full time ministry amongst the australian aborigines in Wilcannia, New South Wales, australia. http://www.j-e-s-u-s.net/Jesus/wilcannia

RIVER OF LIFE WILCANNIA NSW AUSTRALIA Pastor Scott Lamshed Ph 0880915250 click here to email   We follow the LORD Hi, thanks for your visit, allow me to tell you about myself and what we, Kathy and I, do. I am a 31 year old man who is a committed Christian. My wife and I are in full time ministry amongst the Australian Aboriginies in Wilcannia, New South wales, Australia I have been a Christian, in accordance with John 3:3, for approximately 12 years, and have to say that being a Christian is the most exciting adventure that anyone could have. In times past I used to believe that we came from monkeys and when someone said that if I believe that then 3 things would happen, (a) I would soon look like a monkey, (b) I would begin to act like a monkey and (c) soon I would begin to smell like a monkey. This got me thinking about my beliefs and was used by God to lead me into a personal and intimate relationship with Him. We have been in full time ministry for over 3 years and work under the infrastrucuture of Assemblies of God World Missions in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. Out ministry in Wilcannia is to lay a firm foundation for an established Church amongst the Barkindji people (River People) and in the future that the people themselves may take the news of Gods' Love, Grace and Mercy to surrounding areas. Wilcannia was once a major port for the Paddle Steamers as it is located on the Darling River in New South Wales, Australia, and was once a thriving town with approximatley 3000-4000 people consisting mainly of caucasion origion. Now however, the population has dwindled to approximately 500 and is predominately Aboriginal. The town in past times had had a reputation of being a rough place, deemed not worthy to stop in, with tourist and truck drivers alike reluctanct to stop unless necessary.

25. Aborigines - Australia australia. Arnhem Land. Bark paintings depict figures from the spiritworld of the aborigines. Nyiminyuma, of Maningrida, in Arnhem http://fimenet.8m.com/ab.htm

AUSTRALIA Arnhem Land Bark paintings depict figures from the spirit world of the Aborigines. Nyiminyuma, of Maningrida, in Arnhem land, painted this Mimi spirit figure entwined with a rainbow serpent.

26. CNN.com - Aborigines Riot In Central Sydney - Feb. 16, 2004 CNN http://cnn.com/2004/WORLD/asiapcf/02/15/australia.riots/index.html

International Edition MEMBER SERVICES The Web CNN.com Home Page World U.S. Weather ... Special Reports SERVICES Video E-mail Services CNNtoGO Contact Us SEARCH Web CNN.com Aborigines riot in central Sydney Terrace housing in Sydney's notorious Redfern suburb. Story Tools VIDEO Rioters clash with Sydney police following death of Aboriginal youth. PLAY VIDEO RELATED Australia's simmering racial tensions YOUR E-MAIL ALERTS Aborigines Riots Australia or Create your own Manage alerts What is this? SYDNEY, Australia Fifty police officers have been injured in Sydney following a night of rioting sparked by the death of an Aboriginal youth. The violence broke out in the predominantly Aboriginal inner-city suburb of Redfern on Sunday evening after the death of teenager who witnesses say became impaled on a metal fence following a police chase. New South Wales police in a media conference Sunday denied they had chased the youth, who was riding a bicycle, saying the youth had sped off after being overtaken by a police vehicle. Seventeen-year-old Thomas Hickey then lost control of his bike and became impaled on the railings of a fence, police said. He died later in hospital. The rioting began after posters appeared around the suburb accusing the police of being child murderers and was allegedly fuelled by alcohol and oppressively humid summer weather.

27. CNN.com - Experts Look To Australia's Aborigines For Weather Help - Mar. 19, 200 CNN http://cnn.com/2003/TECH/science/03/18/offbeat.weather.aborigines.reut/index.htm

The Web CNN.com MAIN PAGE EUROPE WORLD WEATHER ... SPORT at SI.com SERVICES E-MAIL SERVICES CNN MOBILE CNN AVANT GO DESKTOP TICKER ... AD INFO CNN TV what's on biz international inside sailing the music room ... CNN Partner Hotels EDITIONS CNN.com U.S. CNN.com Asia CNNArabic.com set your edition Languages Arabic Japanese Spanish Portuguese German Italian Korean Time, Inc. Time.com People Fortune EW Experts look to Australia's Aborigines for weather help Story Tools SYDNEY, Australia (Reuters) When the bearded dragon lizard sits upright and points its head to the sky, it is going to rain the next day. If a flock of currawongs flies overhead you've only got four hours to get the washing off the line. If the queen wattle blooms heavily, bull ants abandon their tree nests for mounds of dirt, or meat ants cover nests with tiny, heat-reflecting quartz stones, then bushfires are coming. Sounds like mumbo-jumbo? Not to Australia's Bureau of Meteorology, which hopes to tap into the tens of thousands of years of Aboriginal weather knowledge to help it expand its understanding of the island continent's harsh climate. Aboriginal ideas about the weather can be starkly different.

28. The Aborigines Of Western Australia Index The aborigines of Western australia. Albert F. Calvert. This short essay on theaborigines of Western australia is primarily useful as a historical document. http://www.sacred-texts.com/aus/awa/

Sacred Texts Australia The Aborigines of Western Australia Albert F. Calvert Contents Start Reading This short essay on the Aborigines of Western Australia is primarily useful as a historical document. Even at the time this was written there were few Aborigines remaining in this area, and so even scraps of information like this are important. The text is particularly revealing as to Victorian attitudes towards Aborigines. Every paragraph of this piece needs to be read with a careful eye for underlying racist assumptions. That said, the author was well intentioned. Calvert, who lists literally dozens of academic affiliations on the title page, does criticize his contemporaries for their treatment of Aborigines as subhumans. Throughout the essay he attempts to demonstrate that the native Australians have a complete cultural inventory. He notes that many of the Aboriginal beliefs and practices which seem strange to Europeans are not that different than some listed in the Bible. He ends with a plea for protection of the Aborigines. It bears pointing out this paternalistic attitude ironically led to policies which devastated aboriginal culture. There is some valid data here, however, particularly the linguistic samples and transcriptions of songs.

29. On Eve Of Ceremony, Gulf Remains Between Aborigines And Australian Government CNN http://cnn.com/2000/ASIANOW/australasia/05/24/australia.reconciliation.ap/index.

30. Oz: Aborigines During the early parts of australian settlement, and even up to the 1960 s, Aborigineswere displaced and persecuted as part of australia s settlement, mostly http://www.effect.net.au/lukastan/oz/Aborigines.htm

All about the first Australians The Aboriginal Flag Aboriginal Art Aborigines First off, info on the first (native) Australians, and where they stand in Australia today. The first Australians are known as Aborigines, the word "aboriginal" meaning "native". They are estimated to have populated Australia for around 50,000 years, or roughly 200 times longer than "white" Australians have been here. During the early parts of Australian settlement, and even up to the 1960's, Aborigines were displaced and persecuted as part of Australia's settlement, mostly by european settlers. They were not considered human, were used as forced labour, and in the early years of settlement could be legally killed without reason. Attempts were made to convert Aborigines to common european religions, which included removing Aboriginal childern from their parents to attempt to bring them up to follow white society. These children are now referred to as the stolen generation. In recent decades, the tide has turned for Australias remining Aboriginal population. The historic Mabo decision in the Australian high court acknowledged the land rights of Aborigines, and many land claims are now being processed. Formal apologies for things like the stolen generation are also in the works, and reconciliation is the word of the moment. Related links: ATSIC The Aborignal and Torres Straight Islander Commission Reconciliation Australia A website about the reconciliation process

31. CNN.com - Apologize To Aborigines, Says New Labor Head - November 22, 2001 CNN http://cnn.com/2001/WORLD/asiapcf/auspac/11/22/australia.aborigine/index.html

MAIN PAGE WORLD U.S. WEATHER ... ABOUT US/HELP CNN TV what's on show transcripts CNN Headline News CNN International EDITIONS CNN.com Asia CNN.com Europe CNNenEspanol.com CNNArabic.com ... set your edition Languages Spanish Portuguese German Italian Korean Arabic Japanese Time, Inc. Time.com People Fortune EW InStyle Business 2.0 Apologize to Aborigines, says new Labor head Aborigines were hunted, killed and driven from their lands by European settlers CANBERRA, Australia The Labor Party's new leader has said Australia must apologize for mistreating Aborigines. Elected Thursday as the opposition leader following Labor's defeat at November 10 elections, Simon Crean said apologizing would be a priority of a future Labor government. "You can't get lasting reconciliation with our indigenous population unless we have the sorry and then the dialogue," Crean told The Associated Press. During colonization Aborigines were hunted, killed and driven from their lands by European settlers. As recently as the 1970s officials were still taking Aborigine children from their families and placing them in orphanages, often run by churches, in a now discredited assimilation program. The tens of thousands of people affected have become known as the "stolen generations."

32. CNN.com - Aborigines Bear Brunt Of Racism: Report - December 4, 2001 CNN http://cnn.com/2001/WORLD/asiapcf/auspac/12/04/australia.racism/index.html

MAIN PAGE WORLD U.S. WEATHER ... ABOUT US/HELP CNN TV what's on show transcripts CNN Headline News CNN International EDITIONS CNN.com Asia CNN.com Europe CNNenEspanol.com CNNArabic.com ... set your edition Languages Spanish Portuguese German Italian Korean Arabic Japanese Time, Inc. Time.com People Fortune EW InStyle Business 2.0 Aborigines bear brunt of racism: report Aborigines in Australia suffer covert and systematic discrimination By CNN's Grant Holloway CANBERRA, Australia (CNN) Aborigines are the main victims of racism is Australia, much of which derives from the nation's colonial history, a new reports finds. Australia's Human Rights and Equal Opportunity Commission spent six months compiling the report as part of its contribution to the U.N. World conference on Racism held in South Africa in August this year. The report, released Monday, says racism is still part of an everyday experience for some people, but also finds that the majority of Australians are opposed to racism. "Everywhere we went  I was struck by the sense of marginalization felt by indigenous people and people from non-English speaking backgrounds who do not fit the stereotype of the typical Australian," Federal Race Discrimination Commissioner William Jonas said. The White Australia Policy, which restricted immigration to predominantly European cultures, had had a lasting impact on the national social development of Australia.

33. Australia History. The first inhabitants of australia were the aborigines, whomigrated there at least 40,000 years ago from Southeast Asia. http://www.infoplease.com/ipa/A0107296.html

HOTWORDS CITE PRINT EMAIL in All Infoplease Almanacs Biographies Dictionary Encyclopedia Home Almanacs Atlas Dictionary ... D-Day Infoplease Tools Periodic Table Conversion Tool Perpetual Calendar Year by Year ... Site Map Also from Infoplease Search Infoplease Info search tips Search Biographies Bio search tips World Countries Australia Infoplease Atlas: Australia Commonwealth of Australia Sovereign: Queen Elizabeth II (1952) Governor-General: Michael Jeffery (2003) Prime Minister: John Howard (1996) Area: 2,967,893 sq mi (7,686,850 sq km) Population (2004 est.): 19,913,144 (growth rate: 0.9%); birth rate: 12.4/1000; infant mortality rate: 4.8/1000; life expectancy: 80.3; density per sq mi: 7 Capital (2003 est.): Canberra, 327,700 Largest cities: Sydney, 4,250,100; Melbourne, 3,610,800; Brisbane, 1,545,700; Perth, 1,375,200; Adelaide, 1,087,600 Monetary unit: Australian dollar Language: English Ethnicity/race: Caucasian 92%, Asian 7%, aboriginal (353,000) and other 1% Religions: Anglican 26.1%, Roman Catholic 26%, other Christian 24.3% Literacy rate: 100% (1980 est.)

34. CNN.com - Reconciliation Council Recommends Treaty With Australia's Aborigines - CNN http://cnn.com/2000/ASIANOW/australasia/12/06/australia.aborigines.ap/index.html

asianow Editions myCNN Video ... Feedback CNN Sites CNN CNN Europe CNNfn CNNSI myCNN CNNfyi AllPolitics Languages Search AsiaNow TIME Only Asiaweek Only CNN.com CNNSI.com CNNfn.com The Web ASIANOW TOP STORIES Faith, madness, magic mix at sacred Hindu festival MORE TOP STORIES Tanker spills remaining fuel near Galapagos as captain detained Final two Texas fugitives make first court appearance Gore accepts visiting professor post at Columbia Lott calls Justice Department 'cesspool,' Ashcroft foes 'extremists' ... MORE MARKETS 4:30pm ET, 4/16 DJIA NAS SPORTS Jordan says farewell for the third time ... LOCAL EDITIONS: CNN.com Europe change default edition MULTIMEDIA: video video archive audio multimedia showcase ... more services E-MAIL: Subscribe to one of our news e-mail lists Enter your address: DISCUSSION: chat feedback CNN WEB SITES: CNNfyi.com CNN.com Europe AsiaNow Spanish ... Korean Headlines TIME INC. SITES: Go To ... Time.com People Money Fortune EW CNN NETWORKS: CNN anchors transcripts Turner distribution SITE INFO: help contents search ad info ... jobs WEB SERVICES: Reconciliation council recommends treaty with Australia's Aborigines December 7, 2000

35. Aborigines Take On Whites In Australia's Glamour Stakes CNN http://cnn.com/2001/ASIANOW/australasia/01/09/australia.aborigines.reut/index.ht

36. Australian Aborigines Land And Cultures - Aboriginal Art Online aborigines with sand painting and body painting from Spencer-Gillenexpedition to Central australia in 1912. Contemporary Culture http://www.aboriginalartonline.com/culture/culture.html

Art, Land and the Dreaming Art is a central part of the life of Australian aborigines and takes many forms. Traditionally it was made for purely cultural reasons and was only able to be created or viewed by people initiated to the proper level of knowledge. More recently, artwork has been made specifically for public viewing. Regardless of whether the art is for private or public purposes, for many artists their work remains inspired by the traditional marks and symbols from the Dreaming and the artist's country. Uluru is a landscape of profound spiritual significance for Anangu Aborigines. The Dreaming is a term used by Aboriginal people to describe relations between the spiritual, natural and moral elements of the world. It relates to a period before living memory or experience - a time of creator ancestors and supernatural beings. This period is called the Dreamtime . Many art works are visual representations of the symbols associated with the artist's Dreaming. Traditional Symbols Conventional designs and symbols are an essential part of the long traditions in Aboriginal art. When applied to the body of a person taking part in a ceremony or the surface of an object, these have the power to transform the object to one with religious significance. Dots are one of the conventional symbols widely used and for many non-Aboriginal people these are what give Central and Western Desert art its distinctive character.

37. 'Aboriginal Tent Embassy' Vows To Stay Put CNN http://cnn.com/2002/WORLD/asiapcf/auspac/08/14/australia.aborigines.tent.ap/inde

38. Aborigines And The Australian Church aborigines and the australian Church. Sackett, L. 1977, Liquor andthe law Wilma, Western australia , in aborigines and Change. http://www.mcauley.acu.edu.au/~yuri/ethics/aborig.html

Aborigines and the Australian Church Jonathan Milner, in reviewing the 1977 text by John Chesterman and Brian Galligan entitled Citizens Without Rights: Aborigines and Australian Citizenship (Cambridge University Press, Melbourne 1977) stated the following: The notion of reconciliation has in recent times been a recurring theme of mainstream political discourse. Some who have engaged in this debate have, with a degree of flippancy, suggested that an appreciation of the historical subjugation of the indigenous population is no more than a ` black armband ' view of history. In tracing the history of Australian citizenship the authors of Citizens Without Rights entirely repudiate this notion. Citizens Without Rights is an unequivocal expression of the need to understand and appreciate a system that has been, in the sum of its parts if not at its core, fundamentally discriminatory . This awareness and understanding is critical if we are to have a mature appreciation of our nation which has been, at least partly, defined by such practices. Citizens Without Rights Although their cultural origins extend into pre-history for at least 50,000 years, the Aboriginal people, who now constitute less than one percent of Australia's population, suffered near cultural devastation in less than 200 years under the impact of European rule. This fact and all that relates to it, is crucial to an understanding of a contemporary and future Australian identity.

39. ACTION FOR ABORIGINAL RIGHTS: LINKS PAGE australian Indigenous Websites Opinion. Budawang aborigines Milton Ulladullaregion; Tjuta, the Senior Aboriginal Women from Coober Pedy, South australia. http://home.vicnet.net.au/~aar/links.htm

Links: Australian Indigenous Websites:Information Networks CERN/ANU Aboriginal Studies WWW VL The list with links to just about everything Aboriginal on the net. Indigenous Online Network A superbly organised site - listing indigenous resources, on the net and in print. ATSIC Homepage Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Commission Media and Speeches; press releases. Excellent for responses to recent events. VICNET Aboriginal Page a comprehensive community list of varied sites for anyone who is looking for information on indigenous peoples - mostly here in Australia, but some elsewhere. AITSIS links page Lots of places listed here. Indiginet A good place to look for current issues.. KooriNet The University of Sydney's links - at Koori Centre. Learning about Native Title An online resource for Indigenous communities. Aboriginal Languages lots of them - a great new site. Aboriginal Deaths In Custody : Royal Commission Report - individual cases, underlying causes. NB: The Council for Aboriginal Reconciliation draws your attention to the cultural sensitivity of issues and material in the individual death reports of the Royal Commission. The Council asks that, in accessing and using these reports, you be aware of this and of the sensitivities of the living relatives and friends of those whose deaths are recorded in these documents. Bring Them Home The Human Rights and Equal Opportunity Commission's Stolen Children Report ; you can check it out quickly first via their

40. THE FIRST HOUSES IN AUSTRALIA White people have long believed that the aborigines hardly touchedthe landscape of australia. Archaeologists have found otherwise. http://home.vicnet.net.au/~aar/housing.htm

THE FIRST HOUSES IN AUSTRALIA By Joseph Glascott. Financial Review October 18 1985 Page 40. Whoever heard of Aborigines living in stone houses, congregating in villages, planting crops, developing grasslands for animals and storing food? The evidence for all these aspects of Aboriginal life has been around for many years. But not even scholars, let alone land-grabbing graziers and governments, wanted to accept it. Such lifestyles perhaps would make Aborigines appear a sophisticated race living in a planned and complex society. Better to believe they were primitive, stone-age creatures who really did not use the land and therefore it was free for the taking by the white man. However, studies by archaeologists notably the management archaeologist with the NSW National Parks and Wildlife Service, Ms Anne Ross; a New England University expert,Dr Harry Lourandos; and the Austra1ian National University's Ms Elizabeth Williams - have overturned the preferred white Australian view of Aborigines. A thesis recently completed by Ms Ross brings together new evidence and largely ignored facts from the past to cast a new light on Aboriginal lifestyles before the arrival of Europeans in Australia.

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