61. Great American History Fact-Finder - -Washington, Booker T The Great American History FactFinder. washington, booker T. (1856-1915), black educator. A spokesman for his race, washington was born a slave. http://college.hmco.com/history/readerscomp/gahff/html/ff_189200_washingtonbo.ht

Entries Publication Data Dedication Advisory Board ... World Civilizations The Great American History Fact-Finder Washington, Booker T , black educator. A spokesman for his race, Washington was born a slave. He graduated from Hampton Institute in Virginia and founded Tuskegee Institute, a black vocational school, in Alabama. Washington advocated practical vocational education and self-improvement of blacks and opposed confrontation with whites to gain equality. Although his influence was widespread and he advised Presidents Theodore Roosevelt and William Howard Taft regarding black federal appointments, his passive philosophy and practices came under attack by others, particularly W. E. B. Du Bois , who advocated academic education for blacks and direct challenge to racist laws and practices. The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People NAACP ) was formed as a result of a growing movement away from Washington's policies. Washington wrote several books including his best-selling auto-biography, Up from Slavery Site Map I Partners I Press Releases I Company Home I Contact Us Terms and Conditions of Use Privacy Statement , and Trademark Information

62. From Revolution To Reconstruction: Outlines: Outline Of American Literature: The An Outline of American Literature. by Kathryn VanSpanckeren. The Rise of Realism 18601914 booker T. washington (1856-1915). *** Index***. http://odur.let.rug.nl/~usa/LIT/washing.htm

FRtR Outlines American Literature The Rise of Realism: 1860-1914: Booker T. Washington (1856-1915) An Outline of American Literature by Kathryn VanSpanckeren The Rise of Realism: 1860-1914: Booker T. Washington (1856-1915) Index Booker T. Washington, educator and the most prominent black leader of his day, grew up as a slave in Franklin County, Virginia, born to a white slave-holding father and a slave mother. His fine, simple autobiography, Up From Slavery (1901), recounts his successful struggle to better himself. He became renowned for his efforts to improve the lives of African-Americans; his policy of accommodation with whites an attempt to involve the recently freed black American in the mainstream of American society was outlined in his famous Atlanta Exposition Address (1895). Index

63. Biography Search booker T. washington , booker T. washington Quotations, booker T. booker T. washington Quotes, booker T. washington Quotations, booker T. washington Sayings Famous Quotes About -booker T. washington. http://search.biography.com/print_record.pl?id=20535

64. Frontline: The Two Nations Of Black America: Booker T & W.e.b Two great leaders of the black community in the late 19th and 20th century were WEB Du Bois and booker T. washington. However, they http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/race/etc/road.html

var loc = "../../../"; Two great leaders of the black community in the late 19th and 20th century were W.E.B. Du Bois and Booker T. Washington. However, they sharply disagreed on strategies for black social and economic progress. Their opposing philosophies can be found in much of today's discussions over how to end class and racial injustice, what is the role of black leadership, and what do the 'haves' owe the 'have-nots' in the black community. Booker T. Washington, educator, reformer and the most influentional black leader of his time (1856-1915) preached a philosophy of self-help, racial solidarity and accomodation. He urged blacks to accept discrimination for the time being and concentrate on elevating themselves through hard work and material prosperity. He believed in education in the crafts, industrial and farming skills and the cultivation of the virtues of patience, enterprise and thrift. This, he said, would win the respect of whites and lead to African Americans being fully accepted as citizens and integrated into all strata of society. W.E.B. Du Bois, a towering black intellectual, scholar and political thinker (1868-1963) said noWashington's strategy would serve only to perpetuate white oppression. Du Bois advocated political action and a civil rights agenda (he helped found the NAACP). In addition, he argued that social change could be accomplished by developing the small group of college-educated blacks he called "the Talented Tenth:"

65. American Experience | Marcus Garvey | People & Events People Events booker T. washington, 18561915 booker T. washington was one of the most powerful African Americans at the turn of the twentieth century. http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/garvey/peopleevents/p_washington.html

Booker T. Washington was one of the most powerful African Americans at the turn of the twentieth century. Born a slave in Hale's Ford, Virginia, the son of a white man who did not acknowledge him and a slave woman named Jane (Burroughs) who later married a fellow slave, Booker T. Washington became a leader in black education, and a strong influence as a racial representative in national politics. Washington learned to read and write in the late 1860s at a primary school overseen by the Freedmen's Bureau and in 1872 became a student at the Hampton Institute inVirginia, where he excelled. He was teaching at Hampton in 1881 when he was invited to become the first principal of the newly-founded Tuskegee Institute, a school for African Americans in Tuskegee, Alabama. At Tuskegee, Washington developed a vocational curriculum that emphasized carpentry, printing, tinsmithing, and shoemaking. Girls also took classes in cooking and sewing, and boys studied farming methods. All students received instruction in manners, hygiene, and character. Washington was known as a racial accommodationist. He rejected the pursuit of political and social equality with whites in favor of developing vocational skills and a reputation for stability and dependability. In a famous 1895 Atlanta address, Washington urged African Americans to "cast down your buckets where you are," that is, to remain in the Jim Crow South and tolerate racial discrimination rather than make what he considered intemperate calls for equality. "In all things that are purely social," he said, blacks and whites "can be as separate as the fingers, yet one as the hand in all things essential to mutual progress."

66. Booker T. Washington Biography of booker T. washington focusing on his adult life, including his early teaching career. http://www.ushistory.net/washington2.html

Click Here to Visit our Sponsor Adulthood After graduation Washington became a teacher in Tinkersville, West Virginia for three years. In 1878 he left to attend Wayland Seminary in Washington DC, but quit after six months. In 1879 Armstrong asked him to return to Hampton Institute as a teacher. Washington did so, and then in 1881 Armstrong recommended him as the principal of a new school called Tuskegee Institute in Tuskegee, Alabama. July 4, 1881 was the first day of school at Tuskegee Institute. It was a humble beginning, but under Washington's care both the school and Washington grew to be world famous. His school made lasting and profound contributions to the South and to the United States - such as through the work of one of its teachers - George Washington Carver . One of his main problems was always finding enough money. The support he received from the state was neither generous nor stable enough to build the kind of school he was developing. So he had to raise the money himself by going on speaking tours and solicitating donations. He received a lot of money from white northerners who were impressed with the work he was doing and his non-threatening racial views. Industrialists like Andrew Carnegie and John D. Rockefeller would donate money on a regular basis. It was these non-threatening racial views that gave Washington the appellation "The Great Accomodater". He believed that blacks should not push to attain equal civil and political rights with whites. That it was best to concentrate on improving their economic skills and the quality of their character. The burden of improvement resting squarely on the shoulders of the black man. Eventually they would earn the respect and love of the white man, and civil and political rights would be accrued as a matter of course. This was a very non-threatening and popular idea with a lot of whites.

67. Washington, Booker T(aliaferro) washington, booker T(aliaferro). booker T. washington. By courtesy of the Library of Congress, washington, DC. (b. April 5, 1856, Franklin http://search.eb.com/blackhistory/micro/631/81.html

Washington, Booker T(aliaferro) Booker T. Washington By courtesy of the Library of Congress, Washington, D.C. (b. April 5, 1856, Franklin County, Va., U.S.d. Nov. 14, 1915, Tuskegee, Ala.), educator and reformer, first president and principal developer of Tuskegee Normal and Industrial Institute (now Tuskegee University ), and the most influential spokesman for black Americans between 1895 and 1915. He was born in a slave hut but, after emancipation, moved with his family to Malden, W.Va. Dire poverty ruled out regular schooling; at age nine he began working, first in a salt furnace and later in a coal mine. Determined to get an education, he enrolled at the Hampton Normal and Agricultural Institute in Virginia (1872), working as a janitor to help pay expenses. He graduated in 1875 and returned to Malden, where for two years he taught children in a day school and adults at night. Following studies at Wayland Seminary, Washington, D.C. (1878-79), he joined the staff of Hampton. In 1881 Washington was selected to head a newly established normal school for blacks at Tuskegee, an institution with two small, converted buildings, no equipment, and very little money.

68. Booker T. Washington Monument Information about washington's monument at Tuskegee University. http://www.tusk.edu/Global/story.asp?S=1087183&nav=CcXDDPXs

69. The Awakening Of The Negro - 1896.09 by booker T. washington. WHEN a mere boy, I saw a young colored man, who had spent several years in school, sitting in a common cabin in the South, studying a http://www.theatlantic.com/unbound/flashbks/blacked/washaw.htm

As originally published in The Atlantic Monthly September 1896 The Awakening of the Negro by Booker T. Washington W Return to Flashback: African-American Education Return to Flashback: Black History, American History While there I resolved that when I had finished the course of training I would go into the far South, into the Black Belt of the South, and give my life to providing the same kind of opportunity for self-reliance and self-awakening that I had found provided for me at Hampton. My work began at Tuskegee, Alabama, in 1881, in a small shanty and church, with one teacher and thirty students, without a dollar's worth of property. The spirit of work and of industrial thrift, with aid from the State and generosity from the North, has enabled us to develop an institution of eight hundred students gathered from nineteen States, with seventy-nine instructors, fourteen hundred acres of land, and thirty buildings, including large and small; in all, property valued at $280,000. Twenty-five industries have been organized, and the whole work is carried on at an annual cost of about $80,000 in cash; two fifths of the annual expense so far has gone into permanent plant. The Tuskegee Institute, 1905

70. Booker T. Washington - Pictures - Biography - EBooks Pictures, biography, history, quotes. http://www.topicsites.com/booker-t-washington/index.htm

Booker T. Washington Topics African American Authors Pictures Biography History ... eBooks Booker T. Washington Up From Slavery: An Autobiography (Selected Excerpts) My life had its beginning in the midst of the most miserable, desolate, and discouraging surroundings. This was so, however, not because my owners were especially cruel, for they were not, as compared with many others. I was born in a typical log cabin, about fourteen by sixteen feet square. In this cabin I lived with my mother and a brother and sister till after the Civil War, when we were all declared free... ...I had no schooling whatever while I was a slave, though I remember on several occasions I went as far as the schoolhouse door with one of my young mistresses to... ...During the campaign when Lincoln was first a candidate for the Presidency, the slaves on our far-off plantation, miles from any railroad or large city or daily newspaper, knew what the issues involved were. When war was begun between the North and the South, every slave on our plantation felt... ...As a rule, not only did the members of my race entertain no feelings of bitterness against the whites before and during the war, but there are many instances...

71. Booker T. Washington: Traveling West Virginia From The Eyewitness News Newsroom Online video visit to the washington's childhood home in Malden, WV. http://www.wchstv.com/traveling/000720.html

THE VOTE 2004 WEST VIRGINIA NEWS OHIO NEWS KENTUCKY NEWS ... PERSONALITIES W E B C A M S Booker T. Washington Booker T. Washington was a child slave whose father was a white farmer. As a free man, he couldn't even vote. Still, he touched both the powerful and the poor. Natalie Tennant travels to Malden where Washington's legacy is still alive. SEE THE STORY WITH REAL VIDEO-DSL or Cable (High Speed) SEE THE STORY WITH REAL VIDEO-Modem Connection (Low Speed) Natalie Tennant Traveling West Virginia For modern day standards, it's a modest setting, but in the late 1860s, it offered Booker T. Washington a world of opportunities. James Thibeault Cabin Creek Quilts This is the way life would have been in the salt works here in malden just after the civil war. Natalie Tennant Traveling West Virginia It's what Booker T. saw as a nine year old walking out of slavery in Virginia into a new life of education , work and growth. James Theibault is helping to broaden the understanding of Washington's life and his contributions to america with this reproduction village. James Thibeault Cabin Creek Quilts He was a man who walked away from slavery and started working, it's what he learned from working and what he learned from cooperating between the races early on was that you go ahead with life and succeed in spite of obstacles

72. MSN Encarta - Washington, Booker T(aliaferro) Encyclopedia Article, from, Encarta, Advertisement. washington, booker T(aliaferro). http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761570179/Washington_Booker_T(aliaferro).htm

MSN Home My MSN Hotmail Shopping ... Money Web Search: logoImg('http://sc.msn.com'); Encarta Subscriber Sign In Help Home ... Upgrade to Encarta Premium Search Encarta Tasks Find in this article Print Preview Send us feedback Related Items African Americans in the Progressive era Booker T. Washington’s Atlanta Speech more... Magazines Search the Encarta Magazine Center for magazine and news articles about this topic Further Reading Editors' Picks Washington, Booker T(aliaferro) News Search MSNBC for news about Washington, Booker T(aliaferro) Internet Search Search Encarta about Washington, Booker T(aliaferro) Search MSN for Web sites about Washington, Booker T(aliaferro) Also on Encarta Have sports records become unbreakable? Compare top online degrees Democrats vs. Republicans: What's the difference? Also on MSN Outdoor BBQ: Everything you need Quest for Columbus on Discovery Channel Switch to MSN in 3 easy steps Our Partners Capella University: Online degrees LearnitToday: Computer courses CollegeBound Network: ReadySetGo Kaplan Test Prep and Admissions Encyclopedia Article from Encarta Advertisement document.write('');

73. Search Results Complete text from as originally published in the Chicago TimesHerald, October 18, 1898. http://lcweb2.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?ammem/murray:@field(FLD001 91898139 ):@$RE

74. Booker T. Washington: White House Dream Team Meet booker T. washington and the members of Ofelia s American Dream Team to discover the dreams, character traits and successes of some wellknown and little http://www.whitehouse.gov/kids/dreamteam/bookerwashington.html

White House Home Page HOME HISTORY TOURS ... PATRIOTISM White House Dream Team: Booker T. Washington Booker T. Washington Booker T. Washington was born a slave in Virginia in 1856. He was seven years old when President Abraham Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation, which freed the slaves. He was too poor to go to school, so he worked at a salt furnace and a coal mine to support his family, but Booker's dream was to get an education. At age 16 he traveled 500 miles, often by walking, to enroll at the Hampton Normal and Agricultural Institute in Virginia. He arrived with only 50 cents in his pocket. The institute gave him a job as a janitor to pay for school, and he later became a teacher. When Booker was 25 years old he became the president of a new school for African American students at Tuskegee, a place with two small buildings, no equipment, and very little money. Booker spent the rest of his life improving the school. When he died, the Tuskegee Institute boasted 100 buildings, 1,500 students, a variety of programs and $2 million. During Booker's lifetime, many African Americans were former slaves who did not have an education. Booker's goal was to provide African Americans with opportunities to learn vocational skills and obtain an education. He thought former slaves would gain acceptance through education and financial independence.

75. African American Journey: Washington, Booker T. washington, booker T. a hero in black history. A biography of booker T. washington washington, booker T. booker T. washington (18561915) was http://www2.worldbook.com/features/aajourney/html/bh065.html

Early life Educator Racial leader Washington, Booker T. Booker T. Washington (1856-1915) was the most influential black leader and educator of his time in the United States. He became prominent largely because of his role as founder and head of Tuskegee Institute, a vocational school for blacks in Tuskegee, Ala. Washington advised two Presidents Theodore Roosevelt and William Howard Tafton racial problems and policies. He also influenced the appointment of several blacks to federal office, especially during Roosevelt's Administration. Washington described his rise from slavery to national prominence as an educator in his best-selling autobiography, Up from Slavery Library of Congress Early life. Booker Taliaferro Washington was born a slave in Hales Ford, Virginia, near Roanoke. After the U.S. government freed all slaves in 1865, his family moved to Malden, West Virginia. There, Washington worked in coal mines and salt furnaces. From 1872 to 1875, he attended the Hampton Institute, an industrial school for blacks in Hampton, Virginia. He became a teacher at the institute in 1879. Washington based many of his educational theories on his training at Hampton. Educator.

76. LookSmart - Directory - Booker T. Washington YOU ARE HERE Home Society Politics Books Authors Authors washington, booker T. booker T. washington Find profiles http://search.looksmart.com/p/browse/us1/us317916/us53358/us4602498/us10053834/u

@import url(/css/us/style.css); @import url(/css/us/searchResult1.css); Home IN the directory this category YOU ARE HERE Home Society Politics Authors Booker T. Washington - Find profiles of famous civil rights activist Booker T. Washington, and read some of his writing. Directory Listings About Booker T. Washington and W.E.B. DuBois - PBS Frontline Supplement to the PBS series "Frontline" examines the conflicting ideologies of the two African-American leaders Washington and DuBois. Booker T. Washington Era - African American Odyssey Chronicles African-American history during the era of Booker T. Washington, roughly covering the years 1870 to the start of WWI. Booker T. Washington Papers - University of Illinois Press Access the multi-volume collection of papers authored by Booker T. Washington. Includes image archives and purchasing details for the print version. Educational Theory of Booker T. Washington Analyst Karen Coverdale describes the fundamentals of Booker T. Washington's educational theory. Free Online Library - Booker T. Washington Creator of the Tuskegee University, learn about the fascinating life of Booker T. Washington and read one of his works, "Up From Slavery" online. Free Online Library - Up From Slavery Read the true account of Washington's rise from a slave to an educated free man.

77. Booker T. Washington Delivers The 1895 Atlanta Compromise Speech PrinterFriendly Version booker T. washington Delivers the 1895 Atlanta Compromise Speech. Source Louis R. Harlan, ed., The booker T. washington Papers, Vol. http://historymatters.gmu.edu/d/39/

Printer-Friendly Version Booker T. Washington Delivers the 1895 Atlanta Compromise Speech Mr. President and Gentlemen of the Board of Directors and Citizens: One-third of the population of the South is of the Negro race. No enterprise seeking the material, civil, or moral welfare of this section can disregard this element of our population and reach the highest success. I but convey to you, Mr. President and Directors, the sentiment of the masses of my race when I say that in no way have the value and manhood of the American Negro been more fittingly and generously recognized than by the managers of this magnificent Exposition at every stage of its progress. It is a recognition that will do more to cement the friendship of the two races than any occurrence since the dawn of our freedom. Not only this, but the opportunity here afforded will awaken among us a new era of industrial progress. Ignorant and inexperienced, it is not strange that in the first years of our new life we began at the top instead of at the bottom; that a seat in Congress or the state legislature was more sought than real estate or industrial skill; that the political convention or stump speaking had more attractions than starting a dairy farm or truck garden. The laws of changeless justice bind Oppressor with oppressed;

78. Making The Atlanta Compromise: Booker T. Washington Is Invited To Speak PrinterFriendly Version Making the Atlanta Compromise booker T. washington Is Invited to Speak. by booker T. washington. On September http://historymatters.gmu.edu/d/86/

Printer-Friendly Version Making the Atlanta Compromise: Booker T. Washington Is Invited to Speak by Booker T. Washington Up From Slavery (1901) Washington explained some of the circumstances surrounding the unprecedented invitation for him to speak before a biracial audience. I have often been asked how I began the practice of public speaking. In answer I would say that I never planned to give any large part of my life to speaking in public. I have always had more of an ambition to do things than merely to talk about doing them. It seems that when I went North with General Armstrong to speak at the series of public meetings to which I have referred, the President of the National Educational Association, the Hon. Thomas W. Bicknell, was present at one of those meetings and heard me speak. A few days afterward he sent me an invitation to deliver an address at the next meeting of the Educational Association. This meeting was to be held in Madison, Wis. I accepted the invitation. This was, in a sense, the beginning of my public-speaking career. On the evening that I spoke before the Association there must have been not far from four thousand persons present. Without my knowing it, there were a large number of people present from Alabama, and some from the town of Tuskegee. These white people afterward frankly told me that they went to this meeting expecting to hear the South roundly abused, but were pleasantly surprised to find that there was no word of abuse in my address. On the contrary, the South was given credit for all the praiseworthy things that it had done. A white lady who was teacher in a college in Tuskegee wrote back to the local paper that she was gratified, as well as surprised, to note the credit which I gave the white people of Tuskegee for their help in getting the school started. This address at Madison was the first that I had delivered that in any large measure dealt with the general problem of the races. Those who heard it seemed to be pleased with what I said and with the general position that I took.

79. EN232, Washington, Dr. O'Conner economics/freeenterpriseandentrepreneurship/bookert.html (February 14, 2001) “washington, booker T.” World Book Encyclopedia Online. http://www.millikin.edu/aci/crow/chronology/washingtonbio.html

Booker Taliaffero Washington (1856-1915) Compiled by Sarah B. Peters, Millikin University Booker T. Washington was an outstanding African-American educator, leader and spokesman for the black community. He was an advocate stressing the importance for African-Americans to be educated and become economically self-reliant in order for the black community to advance. Often considered the “Moses of his race,” Washington went on to be an influential politician delivering his controversial Atlanta Compromise and became a founder of the Tuskegee Institute and the National Negro Business League. 1856 born April 5 in Franklin County, Virginia 1862 September 22 Lincoln issued The Emancipation Proclamation 1865 Civil War ended and Washington moved to Malden, West Virginia with his family to pack salt 1872-1875 (at age sixteen) he journeyed to and attended the newly founded Hampton Normal and Agricultural Institute (now Hampton University) Late 1870s taught for three years in Tinkersville, West Virginia 1878 left to attend Wayland Seminary in Washington DC (quit after six months) 1879 returned to Hampton Institute to teach 1881 offered position of principal of the new Tuskegee Institute in Alabama 1881-1915 headed the Tuskegee Normal School (in 1937 became the Tuskegee Normal and Industrial Institute) 1895 September 18 delivered his controversial speech "The Atlanta Compromise," urging blacks to accept their inferior status and to advance themselves through education and economic improvement

80. Booker T. Washington --  Britannica Student Encyclopedia washington, booker T. Britannica Student Encyclopedia. high school students. , washington, booker T. (1856–1915). The first African http://www.britannica.com/ebi/article?eu=299828&query=t, t&ct=ebi

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