41. Oedipus Rex Synopsis of the play by sophocles. http://www.theatrehistory.com/ancient/oedipus001.html

OEDIPUS REX A synopsis of the play by Sophocles This document was originally published in Minute History of the Drama Date and circumstances of production are unknown. It is, however, known that Sophocles suffered defeat in the contests with this play, although it is generally regarded as his masterpiece. SOME twelve years before the action of the play begins, Oedipus has been made King of Thebes in gratitude for his freeing the people from the pestilence brought on them by the presence of the riddling Sphinx. Since Laius, the former king, had shortly before been killed, Oedipus has been further honored by the hand of Queen Jocasta. Now another deadly pestilence is raging and the people have come to ask Oedipus to rescue them as before. The King has anticipated their need, however. Creon, Jocasta's brother, returns at the very moment from Apollo's oracle with the announcement that all will be well if Laius' murderer be found and cast from the city. In an effort to discover the murderer, Oedipus sends for the blind seer, Tiresias. Under protest the prophet names Oedipus himself as the criminal. Oedipus, outraged at the accusation, denounces it as a plot of Creon to gain the throne. Jocasta appears just in time to avoid a battle between the two men. Seers, she assures Oedipus, are not infallible. In proof, she cites the old prophecy that her son should kill his father and have children by his mother. She prevented its fulfillment, she confesses, by abandoning their infant son in the mountains. As for Laius, he had been killed by robbers years later at the junction of three roads on the route to Delphi.

42. Oedipus The King By Sophocles Book Notes Comprehensive guide to sophocles' Oedipus the King. http://www.bookrags.com/notes/oed/index.htm

Oedipus the King by Sophocles Book Notes Literature Study Guides Essays Book Notes Search book notes, essays, study guides, and e-books Book Notes Navigation Topic Tracking - Exile - Fate - Sight Download the PDF Other BookRags Resources Home Book Notes Oedipus the King by Sophocles Jump to: Table of Contents Scene 1 Chorus 1 Scene 2 Chorus 2 Scene 3 Chorus 3 Scene 4 Chorus 4 Scene 5 Chorus 5 Finale Table of Contents Scene 1 Chorus 1 Scene 2 Chorus 2 ... Finale Book Notes by Nora Sweid How do I cite this Book Note? Jump to: Table of Contents Scene 1 Chorus 1 Scene 2 Chorus 2 Scene 3 Chorus 3 Scene 4 Chorus 4 Scene 5 Chorus 5 Finale About Advertise Contact Us Tests ... How to Cite

43. Sophocles - Biography And Works sophocles. Extensive Biography of sophocles and a searchable collectionof works. Plays. Oedipus Trilogy, sophocles. Search all of sophocles http://www.online-literature.com/sophocles/

Home Author Index Shakespeare The Bible ... Sophocles Plays Oedipus Trilogy Sophocles Search all of Sophocles Sophocles (495-405 B.C) was one of the great playwrights of the golden age of Greek Drama. The son of a wealthy merchant, he enjoyed all the comforts of a thriving Greek empire. He studied all of the arts. By the age of sixteen, he was already known for his beauty and grace and was chosen to lead a choir of boys at a celebration of the victory of Salamis. Twelve years later, his studies complete, he was ready to compete in the City Dionysiaa festival held every year at the Theatre of Dionysus in which new plays were presented. In his first competition, in 468 B.C, Sophocles took first prize, defeating none other than Aeschylus himself. More than 120 plays were to follow. He would go on to win eighteen first prizes. An accomplished actor, Sophocles performed in many of his own plays. However, his voice was comparatively weak, and eventually he would give up his acting career to pursue other ventures. In addition to his theatrical duties, Sophocles served for many years as an ordained priest of Alcon and Asclepius, the god of medicine. He also served on the Board of Generals, a committee that administered civil and military affairs in Athens, and for a time he was director of the Treasury, controlling the funds of the association of states known as the Delian Confederacy.

44. The Antigone Summary and analysis of the play by sophocles. http://www.theatrehistory.com/ancient/bates017.html

THE ANTIGONE A summary and analysis of the play by Sophocles This document was originally published in The Drama: Its History, Literature and Influence on Civilization, vol. 1 . ed. Alfred Bates. London: Historical Publishing Company, 1906. pp. 112-123. In the Antigone contempt of death enables a weak maiden to conquer a powerful ruler, who, proud of his wisdom, ventures in his unbounded insolence to pit his royal word against divine law and human sentiment, and learns all too late, by the destruction of his house, that Fate in due course brings fit punishment on outrage. The play takes up the story of the Seven Against Thebes , by Aeschylus , but with some changes in the situation. Two brothers, Eteocles and Polynices, have fallen, as will be remembered, at one of the gates of Thebes. King Creon allows Eteocles to be buried at once, that he might receive due honor among the shades; but he orders a herald to forbid any funeral rites or burial to the corpse of Polynices. "Let him lie unwept, unburied, a toothsome morsel for the birds of heaven, and whoso touches him shall perish by the cruel death of stoning." Antigone tells these gloomy tidings to her sister Ismene, and informs her of what she has resolved to do:

45. Oedipus The King Summary and analysis of the play by sophocles. http://www.imagi-nation.com/moonstruck/clsc1w1.htm

Oedipus the King A summary and analysis of the play by Sophocles There are none of the plays of Sophocles which exhibit more strikingly than the two which bear the name of Oedipus that solemn irony which the genius of a modern scholar has detected in the frame-work of this poet's tragedies. This irony consists in the contrast which the spectator, well acquainted with the legendary basis of the tragedy, is enabled to draw between the real state of the case and the conceptions supposed to be entertained by the person represented on the stage. It is this contrast, regarded from different points of view, which makes the two plays whose subject is Oedipus the counterparts of one another, and induces us to think that, whether they were or were not written, as is said, nearly at the same time, they were intended by the poet to form constituent parts of one picture. The Oedipus Tyrannus As with the Antigone Oedipus the King and Oedipus at Colonus belong to the legendary era of Thebes.

46. Sophocles - History For Kids! Greek Literature. sophocles. Aeschylus is the first playwright whose plays survive,but sophocles (ca. Socrates was only a little younger than sophocles. http://www.historyforkids.org/learn/greeks/literature/sophocles.htm

China India West Asia Greece ... Religion The Web Just H4K H4K Lesson Plans for Teachers Parents' Corner H4K Crafts and Projects Greek Literature Sophocles Aeschylus is the first playwright whose plays survive, but Sophocles (ca. 496-406 BC ) is the second. Sophocles lived at the same time as Aeschylus, but he was younger and he lived longer. He died at the age of about 100, right before the end of the Peloponnesian War Sophocles came from a rich family that lived in Colonus, a small town near Athens . His father, Sophillus, sent Sophocles to school in Athens, where he got a good education When Sophocles was six years old, the Athenians beat the Persians at Marathon . When he was sixteen, the Athenians beat the Persians at Salamis . Sophocles did not fight, but he saw his house and all of Athens, including the Parthenon, burned by the Persians before the Athenians beat them. As an adult, Sophocles was active in Athenian politics, and worked alongside Pericles. He knew

47. Antigone: Monologue A monologue from the play by sophocles. http://www.monologuearchive.com/s/sophocles_005.html

ANTIGONE A monologue from the play by Sophocles NOTE: This monologue is reprinted from Greek Dramas . Ed. Bernadotte Perrin. New York: D. Appleton and Company, 1904. ANTIGONE: Purchase this play! MORE MONOLOGUES BY SOPHOCLES RELATED LINKS: Antigone - Summary and analysis of the play by Sophocles. Sophocles - A biography. Sophocles - A biography. Sophocles Index - An index of articles related to the Greek dramatist. The Life of Sophocles - A chronological outline of the poet's life. Sophocles and his Tragedies - A biography of the Greek dramatist and analysis of his poetic qualities. Sophocles: Poems - An index of poems by the Greek poet. Purchase books by Sophocles Search eBay! or Abebooks for more books by Sophocles.

48. Oedipus Study Guide Study Guide for sophocles Oedipus the King. Compare the the myth in sophocleswith the beginning of Euripides tragedy, The Phoenician Women. http://www.temple.edu/classics/oedipus.html

Study Guide for Sophocles' Oedipus the King by Robin Mitchell-Boyask, Department of Classics, Temple University updated 25 September 2002 This guide is designed to be used in conjunction with the translation by Peter Meineck (Hackett Press). There is an on-line text with extensive hyperlinks. Preliminary background: Oedipus rules over Thebes, a city whose mythological background is important to understanding the play. Oedipus even begins the play by calling its residents the "new blood of ancient Cadmus" (not "ancient Thebes", as Fagles' liberally translates the Gre ek). Look up Thebes and Cadmus independently here and follow any leads that look relevant. In short, Cadmus founded the city of Thebes after he killed a dragon, and he sowed the dragon's teeth into the ground, from which sprang Thebes' first inhabitants. Thus, Thebes' current residents are mainly descended either from a hero who tamed the wild beast, or from the beast itself. Think about the relation of this background to the larger theme of civilization and savagery in this drama. Compare the the myth in Sophocles with the beginning of Euripides' tragedy

49. Electra Summary and analysis of the play by sophocles. http://www.theatrehistory.com/ancient/bates022.html

ELECTRA A summary and analysis of the play by Sophocles This document was originally published in The Drama: Its History, Literature and Influence on Civilization, vol. 1 . ed. Alfred Bates. London: Historical Publishing Company, 1906. pp. 135-142. The theme of the Electra , which, with the Ajax and Philoctetes , belongs to the Trojan legend, is the same as that of the Mourning Women of Aeschylus , but with a marked difference of treatment. Electra, and not Orestes, is the chief character, and for her Sophocles claims all our sympathies. The scene is laid in front of the palace; but there is no grave of Agamemnon, as in the Aeschylean tragedy. At daybreak enter, as if from foreign lands, Pylades, Orestes and his keeper, who gives him instructions as he introduces him to the city of his fathers. Orestes replies with a speech on the injunction of Apollo and the manner in which he means to execute it, then addresses a prayer to the gods and to his father's house. Electra is heard sobbing within; Orestes wishes to greet her immediately, but is led away to present an offering at the grave of his father. Electra comes out, and in a pathetic address to heaven pours forth her griefs, and in prayer to the infernal deities her unappeased longing for revenge.

50. Island Of Freedom - Sophocles sophocles. c. 496406 BC. According to tradition, sophocles wrote 123plays and won 24 victories in the city s annual dramatic contests. http://www.island-of-freedom.com/SOPHOCLE.HTM

Sophocles c. 496-406 B.C. And if my present deeds are foolish in thy sight, it may be that a foolish judge arraigns my folly. Rivendell's Drama Page Sophocles Page Perseus Encyclopedia - Sophocles On-line Plays from the Great Books Index The career of Sophocles, one of the three great tragic dramatists of ancient Greece, the other two being Aeschylus and Euripides, spanned the period of greatest political and cultural achievement in Athens. According to tradition, Sophocles wrote 123 plays and won 24 victories in the city's annual dramatic contests. Of these, only seven tragedies are preserved in full, but they are sufficient to reveal the playwright's genius. Sophocles' tragedies are usually regarded as the high point of Attic drama. The seven extant plays are Antigone Oedipus Tyrannus or Oedipus Rex (Oedipus the King), Electra Ajax Trachiniae (Maidens of Trachis), Philoctetes , and Oedipus at Colonus (produced posthumously in 401 BC). Also preserved is a large fragment of the Ichneutae (Investigators), a satiric drama discovered on papyrus in Egypt about the turn of the 20th century. Of the surviving tragedies the earliest is thought to be

51. The Internet Classics Archive | Electra By Sophocles Complete text of the play by sophocles. http://classics.mit.edu/Sophocles/electra.html

Home Browse and Comment Search ... Help Electra By Sophocles Commentary: Many comments have been posted about Electra Read them or add your own Reader Recommendations: Recommend a Web site you feel is appropriate to this work, list recommended Web sites , or visit a random recommended Web site Download: A 72k text-only version is available for download Electra By Sophocles Written 410 B.C.E Translated by R. C. Jebb Dramatis Personae ORESTES, son of Agamemnon and CLYTEMNESTRA ELECTRA, sister of ORESTES CHRYSOTHEMIS, sister of ORESTES AN OLD MAN, formerly the PAEDAGOGUS or Attendant Of ORESTES CLYTEMNESTRA AEGISTHUS CHORUS OF WOMEN OF MYCENAE Mute Persons PYLADES, son of Strophius, King of Crisa, the friend Of ORESTES. A handmaid of CLYTEMNESTRA. Two attendants of ORESTES Scene At Mycenae, before the palace of the Pelopidae. It is morning and the new-risen sun is bright. The PAEDAGOGUS enters on the left of the spectators, accompanied by the two youths, ORESTES and PYLADES. PAEDAGOGUS Son of him who led our hosts at Troy of old, son of Agamemnon!- now thou mayest behold with thine eyes all that thy soul hath desired so long. There is the ancient Argos of thy yearning,- that hallowed scene

52. Sophocles Links Selected Web Resources on sophocles. Robin MitchellBoyask s course, GreekDrama and Culture, with study guides for many of sophocles plays; http://www.vroma.org/~riley/sophocles/portrait_links.html

Selected Web Resources on Sophocles Biography Images Texts Related Materials Biography brief introduction to Sophocles and his plays (at About.com) more detailed life of Sophocles (see #3) from the Perseus Database Images Information about, and images and plans of, the Theater of Dionysus in the Perseus Database Dr. J's Illustrated South Slope of the Acropolis: The Theater of Dionysos The Theater of Dionysus is at the middle bottom of this aerial view of the slope of the acropolis Reconstruction of the theater of Dionysus (at Didaskalia) The Aldine manuscript of Sophocles' works: facsimile reproductions and explanation Texts Works of Sophocles (in English) in the Internet Classics Archive Browse or search the Greek texts (or English) of Sophocles' plays in the Perseus Database Andrew Wilson's Oedipus page , including the Oedipus Game Janice Siegel's, The Sphinx and Oedipus Rex Roger Dunkle's Study Guide for Oedipus Rex New translation of Antigone , plus notes, by William Blake Tyrell and Larry Bennett at Diotima Robin Mitchell-Boyask's course

53. Ajax Summary and analysis of the play by sophocles. http://www.theatrehistory.com/ancient/bates023.html

AJAX A summary and analysis of the play by Sophocles This document was originally published in The Drama: Its History, Literature and Influence on Civilization, vol. 1 . ed. Alfred Bates. London: Historical Publishing Company, 1906. pp. 142-151. In the tragic fate of Ajax, the bravest of all the Greeks, save only Achilles, the poet teaches that men, though excelling in strength and riches, should never boast or utter impious words against the gods. All human things A day lays low, a day lifts up again; But still the gods love those of ordered soul, And hate the evil. The play opens in the interior of his tent, where he calls on his friends to slay him: "Never yet has such shame fallen on me, that I, who ever faced the foe fearless in fight, should now have shown my prowess on these poor, harmless beasts. Well may my enemies laugh at me in their delight! Would that I might slay them, then die myself! For I, like to whom Troy has found no other hero, am stricken with dishonor! Can I go home? How can I look Telamon, my father, in the face, if I return without the victor's spoil, when he himself came back with glory's noblest crown? Shall I go alone against the Trojan walls, and there seek death in noble combat? That would but gladden the Atridæ. No; I must seek some perilous enterprise, that my show my father that I am no degenerate scion of his stock. Either noble life or death becomes the brave."

54. Riley Collection: Greeks: Sophocles a series of web pages on Roman Imperial portrait sculptures at the Cedar Rapids Museum of Art and their historical and cultural context. http://www.vroma.org/~riley/sophocles/

Sorry, there is currently no non-frames version of this page, please email jgruber-miller@cornell-iowa.edu if you would like access to the info on this page via no frames.

55. The Internet Classics Archive | Ajax By Sophocles Complete text of the play by sophocles. http://classics.mit.edu/Sophocles/ajax.html

Home Browse and Comment Search ... Help Ajax By Sophocles Commentary: Several comments have been posted about Ajax Read them or add your own Reader Recommendations: Recommend a Web site you feel is appropriate to this work, list recommended Web sites , or visit a random recommended Web site Download: A 65k text-only version is available for download Ajax By Sophocles Written 440 B.C.E Translated by R. C. Trevelyan Dramatis Personae ATHENA ODYSSEUS AJAX CHORUS OF SALAMINIANS TECMESSA, concubine of AJAX MESSENGER TEUCER, half-brother of AJAX MENELAUS AGAMEMNON Mute Persons EURYSACES, child of AJAX and TECMESSA Attendants, Heralds, etc. Scene Before the tent of AJAX in the Greek camp at Troy. It is dawn. ODYSSEUS is discovered examining the ground before the tent. ATHENA appears from above. ATHENA Son of Laertes, ever do I behold thee Scheming to snatch some vantage o'er thy foes. And now among the tents that guard the ships Of Ajax, camped at the army's outmost verge, Long have I watched thee hunting in his trail, And scanning his fresh prints, to learn if now He be within or forth. Skilled in the chase

56. 84.02.03: Sophocles’ Oedipus Rex YaleNew Haven Teachers Institute, Home. sophocles’ Oedipus Rex. Oepidusthe King is sophocles’ farthest penetration into these mysteries. http://www.yale.edu/ynhti/curriculum/units/1984/2/84.02.03.x.html

Yale-New Haven Teachers Institute Home Sophocles’ Oedipus Rex by Maureen C. Howard Contents of Curriculum Unit 84.02.03: Narrative Notes Bibliography Teacher’s Bibliography ... To Guide Entry Tragedy was performed in Athens at the annual festival of Dionysus, the Great, or the City, Dionysia in late March. Competition was held on three successive mornings of the festival. Three tragic poets, who had been selected earlier in the year, each presented a tetralogy, consisting of three tragedies and a satyr play. Additional festivities included comic and dithyrambic contests, religious processions and rituals of various kinds. At the close of the festival ten judges chosen by lot determined the winners and awarded the prizes. The poets wrote the plays, composed accompanying music, directed the production, supervised rehearsals, and in earlier times acted the role of the protagonist. The choregus, who paid the cost of the production, was a wealthy citizen appointed by the government to do this public service. In turn the choregus shared the praise and the awards won by the poet. Tickets were originally free since attendance was seen as a civic and religious obligation as well as entertainment. Eventually there was a charge for the tickets; however, the state provided funds for citizens who could not afford the price. Tragedy developed from ancient dithyramb or choral lyric, which was sung by the male chorus in honor of the god Dionysus at his annual festivals. Performances included group dancing and some brief dialogue between the leader and the chorus.

57. Drama: Sophocles Back to list sophocles (496?406 bc) LINKS Moonstruck sophocles http//www.imagi-nation.com/moonstruck/clsc1.htm BIOGRAPHYsophocles (496?-406 bc). http://www.bedfordstmartins.com/litlinks/drama/sophocles.htm

MM_preloadImages('../images/m_research_o.gif'); MM_preloadImages('../images/m_related_o.gif'); MM_preloadImages('../images/m_literary_o.gif'); MM_preloadImages('../images/m_essays_o.gif'); MM_preloadImages('../images/m_critical_o.gif'); MM_preloadImages('../images/m_poetry_o.gif'); MM_preloadImages('../images/m_fiction_o.gif'); Sophocles (496?-406 b.c.) LINKS Moonstruck: Sophocles http://www.imagi-nation.com/moonstruck/clsc1.htm Maintained by the online bookstore Moonstruck, this site includes a brief biography of the playwright and provides links to sites about some of his important contemporaries. The Classics Pages: Sophocles the Man http://www.users.globalnet.co.uk/~loxias/sophocles.htm This page offers excerpts from The Life of Sophocles , which helps to define the character of the playwright. Rivendell's Drama Page http://www.watson.org/rivendell/dramagreeksophocles.html This Sophocles page at the Rivendell Educational Archive offers a biography, articles, English translations, and a bibliography. Great Books Index http://books.mirror.org/gb.sophocles.html

58. Oedipus, University Of Saskatchewan To Home Page To Course Notes Menu. sophocles Oedipus by John Porter, Universityof Saskatchewan. The Mythological Background to sophocles Oedipus. http://duke.usask.ca/~porterj/CourseNotes/Oed.html

To Home Page To Course Notes Menu Sophocles' Oedipus by John Porter, University of Saskatchewan Notice: Suggested Background Reading The best general introduction to the play is C. Segal's Oedipus Tyrannus: Tragic Heroism and the Limits of Knowledge (New York, 1993). For a general outline of the play and its structure, see the Structure and Meters of Sophocles' Oedipus the King page. See, as well, the Notes and Study Questions for Oedipus the King by Lewis Stiles. The Mythological Background to Sophocles' Oedipus Sophocles as a Playwright Interpretations of the Oedipus Sophocles' Oedipus and the Greek Enlightenment ... Sophocles' Oedipus The Mythological Background to Sophocles' Oedipus See, as well, Andrew Wilson's Oedipus page. The World of Athens 4.22. Scholars disagree on whether the child was left out to die, as is the norm in myth, or to be picked up by someone else, as was common in the Middle Ages [a curious ritual of adoption]. If the latter, the child would have been reared as a slave.) The shepherd instead gave the child to a shepherd from neighboring Corinth, where the baby was raised as the son of Polybus and Merope, king and queen of Corinth. (Compare Herodotus' story of the birth of Cyrus.

59. Sophocles, Antigone (U. Of Saskatchewan) To Home Page To Course Notes Menu. Mythological Background to sophocles Antigone by John Porter, University of Saskatchewan. Notice http://duke.usask.ca/~porterj/CourseNotes/AntBckgnd.html

To Home Page To Course Notes Menu Mythological Background to Sophocles' Antigone by John Porter, University of Saskatchewan Notice: Laius was son of Labdacus , king of Thebes . Labdacus died while Laius was still an infant and control of Thebes was assumed by the evil regent Lycus. Lycus was overthrown by the twins Amphion and Zethus, who assumed the throne. In the meantime, the baby Laius was whisked away to the court of Pelops, king of Pisa (near Olympia in the northwest Peloponnese). On the deaths of Amphion and Zethus, Laius (now an adult) was free to return to Thebes as the legitimate ruler. In the meantime, however, he had fallen in love with Chrysippus , the handsome young illegitimate son of Pelops. Laius kidnapped Chrysippus, took him back to Thebes, and raped him. Chrysippus either committed suicide, was killed, or was rescued by Pelops (the traditions vary). Later, Laius married Jocasta (or Epicasta), daughter of Menoeceus. When the couple were unable to have children, Laius consulted the oracle at Delphi, only to be informed that Jocasta would bear him a son who would grow up to kill his father and marry his mother. Laius determined that he would no longer have relations with Jocasta, but got drunk one night and forgot his resolve. When Oedipus was born, Laius had the baby's ankles pierced and gave him to a shepherd to expose on Mt. Cithaeron.

60. Sophocles: A Study Guide sophocles Plays, criticism, analysis, biography, study guides, mythology,and more. Biography of sophocles Family, education, innovations. http://sites.micro-link.net/zekscrab/Sophocles.html

Sophocles Online A Study Guide for All the Surviving Plays Maintained as a public service by Michael J. Cummings, a freelance writer in Williamsport, PA, USA Study Guides for Other Authors Amazon.com Book Store Classic Films on DVD and VHS Amazon.com Electronics ... Amazon.com Software Part 1: Play Summaries, Themes, Analyses, Texts Acclaimed Film Version Oedipus Rex Oedipus at Colonus Antigone ... Women of Trachis (Alternate Titles: Trachiniae The Trachinian Women Trackers (Alternate Titles: Ichneutae, The Investigators) Lesson Plans and Videos Part 2: Biography, Background, and Mythology Biography of Sophocles Family, education, innovations. Sophocles' themes–justice, pride, obstinacy, flawed humanity, and the struggle between destiny and free will–are as timely today as they were in his own time. Aristotle lauded Sophocles as the supreme dramatist, maintaining that Oedipus the King was a model for all playwrights to imitate. Description of the Greek Theater (Structure) Definition, seating, stage, orchestra, special sections. Includes a complete description of the Greek theater as an open-air stone structure with tiered seating, a stage, and a ground-level orchestra Greek Drama Terms From anagnorisis to trilogy.

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