21. Pliny And Trajan On The Christians pliny the younger was governor of Pontus/Bithynia from 111113 AD. We have a whole set of exchanges of his letters with the emperor http://ccat.sas.upenn.edu/jod/texts/pliny.html

Pliny the Younger was governor of Pontus/Bithynia from 111-113 AD. We have a whole set of exchanges of his letters with the emperor Trajan on a variety of administrative political matters. These two letters are the most famous, in which P. encounters Christianity for the first time. Pliny, Letters Pliny to the Emperor Trajan It is my practice, my lord, to refer to you all matters concerning which I am in doubt. For who can better give guidance to my hesitation or inform my ignorance? I have never participated in trials of Christians. I therefore do not know what offenses it is the practice to punish or investigate, and to what extent. And I have been not a little hesitant as to whether there should be any distinction on account of age or no difference between the very young and the more mature; whether pardon is to be granted for repentance, or, if a man has once been a Christian, it does him no good to have ceased to be one; whether the name itself, even without offenses, or only the offenses associated with the name are to be punished. Meanwhile, in the case of those who were denounced to me as Christians, I have observed the following procedure: I interrogated these as to whether they were Christians; those who confessed I interrogated a second and a third time, threatening them with punishment; those who persisted I ordered executed. For I had no doubt that, whatever the nature of their creed, stubbornness and inflexible obstinacy surely deserve to be punished. There were others possessed of the same folly; but because they were Roman citizens, I signed an order for them to be transferred to Rome.

22. From Jesus To Christ: Why Did Christianity Succeed?: Pliny's Policy - Execution Describe the scene for me if you will in the courtroom of pliny the younger. What happened? About His name is pliny the younger. Pliny http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/religion/why/pliny.html

var loc = "../../../"; L. Michael White: Professor of Classics and Director of the Religious Studies Program University of Texas at Austin Describe the scene for me if you will in the courtroom of Pliny the Younger. What happened? Now this is an important case for a variety of reasons. One reason is that it's the first time that we have a Roman public official recognizing Christians as a distinct religious group in the empire. Prior to the year 112, no Roman official has ever done that and apparently up until this time the Christian movement is still perceived, at least from the perspective of the Roman emperors and the Roman public officials, as just a part of Judaism. Also, because it was considered a part of Judaism, Christianity was considered to be protected by the legal status of Jewish tradition within the Roman Empire. So when we see Pliny taking note of Christians as a separate group, it really marks a departure... a change in the status of Christianity. Both in its relationship to Judaism and in its relationship to the Roman Empire. This is a very important moment in the legal development of early Christianity in the Roman Empire.... Now we know about this situation precisely because Pliny has to write a letter about it. You see Pliny has never heard of Christians before and he's never had to deal with the case of Christians, legal or otherwise... Still, Pliny's a little nervous about this situation even though he has taken legal action [in executing the Christians], he feels compelled to write to his friend the emperor and tell him what he's done because it's an unusual case. We actually have preserved from Pliny's own accounts and his own collection of letters his

23. Pliny The Younger pliny the younger. Caius Plinius Cecilius Secundus (63 ca. 113), better known as pliny the younger, was a lawyer, an author and a scientist of Ancient Rome. http://www.fact-index.com/p/pl/pliny_the_younger.html

Main Page See live article Alphabetical index Pliny the Younger Caius Plinius Cecilius Secundus - ca. ), better known as Pliny the Younger , was a lawyer, an author and a scientist of Ancient Rome Born in Como Italy , Pliny the Younger was the nephew of Pliny the Elder , who is considered by many to be the greatest naturalist of antiquity. Pliny was orphaned at an early age had Virginius Rufus (an important man and general in the Roman army) as his tutor . He was later adopted by his uncle Pliny the Elder, who brought him to study in Rome, where his teachers were Quintilian and Nices Sacerdos. He started his legal career at the age of 19 and his reputation grew rapidly. Pliny was considered an honest and moderate man and rose through a series of imperial civil and military offices, the cursus honorum He was flamen Divi Augusti (priest in the cult of the Emperor) in , then decemvir litibus iudicandis (sort of civil judge), military tribune in Syria (where he met the philosophers Artemidor and Euphrates), sevir equitum Romanorum (commander of a cavalry squadron) in quaestor imperatoris and urban quaestor in . He was named a tribunus plebis in praetor in praefectus (of the military treasury first, and of the gay treasury of

24. Harvard University Press/Pliny The Younger, Letters And Panegyricus Letters and Panegyricus Volume I. Books 17 by pliny the younger Translated by Betty Radice, published by Harvard University Press. http://www.hup.harvard.edu/catalog/L055.html

FROM THE LOEB CLASSICAL LIBRARY PLINY THE YOUNGER Letters and Panegyricus Volume I. Books 1-7 Translated by Betty Radice Pliny's polished and wonderfully descriptive lettersdiscussing personal, public, and literary concernsoffer a picture of his own large circle of friends (which included Tacitus, Martial, and Suetonius) and of Roman society in all its diversity. Justly famous in this collection are two letters in which he describes in detail the eruption of Vesuvius in A.D. 79. Book 10 contains his correspondence with the emperor Trajan about conditions in Bithynia and Pontus; it includes the earliest pagan accounts of Christians and their rites. OTHER HARVARD BOOKS BY PLINY THE YOUNGER Letters and Panegyricus: Volume II. Books 8-10. Panegyricus 1 map 596 pages Hardcover edition December 1969 ISBN 0-674-99061-7

25. Harvard University Press/Pliny The Younger, Letters And Panegyricus Letters and Panegyricus Volume II. Books 810. Panegyricus by pliny the younger Translated by Betty Radice, published by Harvard University Press. http://www.hup.harvard.edu/catalog/L059.html

FROM THE LOEB CLASSICAL LIBRARY PLINY THE YOUNGER Letters and Panegyricus Volume II. Books 8-10. Panegyricus Translated by Betty Radice OTHER HARVARD BOOKS BY PLINY THE YOUNGER Letters and Panegyricus: Volume I. Books 1-7 1 map, index 592 pages Hardcover edition December 1969 Temporarily Unavailable This book is expected to ship on Jun 11 2004 ISBN 0-674-99066-8

26. Pliny. Christ Myth Refuted. Did Jesus Exist? A Christian Response pliny the younger (62?c.113) was Governor of Bithynia. And so, we have some valuable testimony from the hand of pliny the younger. http://www.tektonics.org/tekton_01_01_01_PL.html

Apologetics Ministries Apologetics Encyclopedia of Bible Verses get your answers here! Look up by person's name, Scripture cite, or keyword search] What's New! Book Reviews and Bookstore Donate to the Ministry Challenge to Critics ... Why Critics of the Bible Do Not Deserve Benefit of the Doubt Search What Letter? A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U-V W XYZ What Bible Book? Genesis Exodus Leviticus Numbers Deuteronomy Joshua Judges Ruth 1 Samuel 2 Samuel 1 Kings 2 Kings 1 Chronicles 2 Chronicles Ezra-Nehemiah Esther-Job Psalms Proverbs Ecclesiastes-Song Isaiah Jeremiah-Lam. Ezekiel Daniel Hosea-Joel Amos-Obadiah Jonah-Micah Nahum-Habakkuk Zephaniah-Haggai Zachariah-Malachi Matthew Mark Luke-Acts John Romans Galatians Colossians Pastorals/Philemon Hebrews James 1 and 2 Peter 1, 2, 3 John, Jude Revelation Support Us Cross Daily.com Awesome Christian Sites Click Here ... Print out flyers for your church or school. Get the entire Tekton site on CD or zipfile . Get a stripped-down copy of this page.

27. Pliny The Younger : Manuscripts C. Plinius Secundus (pliny the younger) Letters Manuscripts and transmission. Note This page does not pretend to be more than http://www.tertullian.org/rpearse/pliny/pliny_mss.htm

C. Plinius Secundus (Pliny the Younger) : Letters : Manuscripts and transmission The Letters of the Younger Pliny have come down to us in 10 books, 9 of his personal letters, and book 10 containing his official correspondence with the Emperor Trajan. The last was written during his tour of administration of Bithynia, during which he may well have died. The route by which the text of all these letters reached us is a little complicated. There were 4 main groups, which however are related: The 10-book collection. This contained all the letters originally, although subsets circulated as we will see. Copies of this can be easily recognised by the presence of tables of contents at the start of each book. The 9-book collection. This contained books 1-9. The 8-book collection. This is a subset of the 9-book collection, and contained books 1-7 and 9. The 100-letters collection. This is a subset of the 10-book collection, containing letters from the start to V, 6. There are also late 'mixed' manuscripts drawing on more than one of these sources; there are early editions printed from now lost MSS of excellent origin; and there is a manuscript including parts of two printed editions plus manuscript material of its own. Both the 9 and 10 book collection go back to antiquity; and books 1-9 in the 10-book collection are not copied from the 9-book collection.

28. Pliny The Younger - History For Kids! Roman Literature pliny the younger. pliny the younger, however, did not die, and has left us the only eyewitness account of what the eruption was like. http://www.historyforkids.org/learn/romans/literature/youngerpliny.htm

China India West Asia Greece ... Religion The Web Just H4K H4K Lesson Plans for Teachers Parents' Corner H4K Crafts and Projects Roman Literature Pliny the Younger Pliny the Younger was the nephew of Pliny the Elder , and was visiting his uncle at Pompeii when his uncle died in the eruption . Pliny the Younger, however, did not die, and has left us the only eye-witness account of what the eruption was like. Pliny went on to become a fairly important politician in the Roman Empire under the emperor Trajan Trajan Trajan sent Pliny to be the governor of Bithynia (on the Black Sea ) in 117 AD , where he had to run the province and make sure there were no revolts and everyone paid their taxes. While he was trying to keep order there, he ran into some problems with the Christians which provide our first evidence that Christianity had become illegal. Pliny was a great letter-writer, and he kept copies of many of his letters and later published them for everyone to read. Many of his letters have survived to the present day. They provide very useful information about the life of wealthy aristocrats in Rome during the

29. Pliny The Younger - The Eruption Of Mt Vesuvius 79 AD The 79 AD Eruption of Vesuvius by pliny the younger (AD 61113). My dear Tacitus,. You ask me to write you something about the death http://www.volcanolive.com/pliny.html

The 79 AD Eruption of Vesuvius by Pliny the Younger (AD 61-113) My dear Tacitus, You ask me to write you something about the death of my uncle so that the account you transmit to posterity is as reliable as possible. I am grateful to you, for I see that his death will be remembered forever if you treat it [sc. in your Histories]. He perished in a devastation of the loveliest of lands, in a memorable disaster shared by peoples and cities, but this will be a kind of eternal life for him. Although he wrote a great number of enduring works himself, the imperishable nature of your writings will add a great deal to his survival. Happy are they, in my opinion, to whom it is given either to do something worth writing about, or to write something worth reading; most happy, of course, those who do both. With his own books and yours, my uncle will be counted among the latter. It is therefore with great pleasure that I take up, or rather take upon myself the task you have set me. He was at Misenum in his capacity as commander of the fleet on the 24th of August [sc. in 79 AD], when between 2 and 3 in the afternoon my mother drew his attention to a cloud of unusual size and appearance. He had had a sunbath, then a cold bath, and was reclining after dinner with his books. He called for his shoes and climbed up to where he could get the best view of the phenomenon. The cloud was rising from a mountain-at such a distance we couldn't tell which, but afterwards learned that it was Vesuvius. I can best describe its shape by likening it to a pine tree. It rose into the sky on a very long "trunk" from which spread some "branches." I imagine it had been raised by a sudden blast, which then weakened, leaving the cloud unsupported so that its own weight caused it to spread sideways. Some of the cloud was white, in other parts there were dark patches of dirt and ash. The sight of it made the scientist in my uncle determined to see it from closer at hand.

30. Pliny The Younger pliny the younger Caius Plinius Cecilius Secundus (63 ca. 113), better pliny the younger. go to books by this author. Researching Pliny http://www.abacci.com/books/authorDetails.asp?authorID=446

31. The Letters Of Pliny The Younger By Pliny The Younger The Letters Of pliny the younger by pliny the younger What one reviewer at amazon said about a href=detail.asp?ASIN=0140441271 Letters of the Younger Pliny http://www.abacci.com/books/book.asp?bookID=1126

32. Links To Literature: Pliny The Younger Links to Literature pliny the younger. above topic. Timeline of the Life of pliny the younger. Chronology of life and times. WORKS. http://www.linkstoliterature.com/pliny.htm

[Links to Literature: Pliny the Younger] HOME LITERATURE NEWSLETTERS SUBMIT-A-SITE BROKEN LINK ... CONTACT NEW! Think you know literature. Play one of our new literary trivia games. Famous Quotes, Famous First Lines, Famous Last Words, Great Works, and more. To start playing, please visit our Trivia Page Discount books on Amazon: Letters of the Younger Pliny Pliny Letters and Panegyricus GENERAL RESOURCES WORKS GENERAL RESOURCES Pliny and Trajan on the Christians Brief biographical note on Pliny, as well as two excerpted letters on the above topic. Timeline of the Life of Pliny the Younger Chronology of life and times. WORKS Letters Need a second opinion? Try Search the Web. GoTo Half.com Audible.com Amazon ... eBay

33. Pliny The Younger Definition Of Pliny The Younger. What Is Pliny The Younger? Me Definition of pliny the younger in the Dictionary and Thesaurus. Provides examples from classic literature, search by definition of pliny the younger. http://www.thefreedictionary.com/Pliny the Younger

Dictionaries: General Computing Medical Legal Encyclopedia Pliny the Younger Word: Word Starts with Ends with Definition Noun Pliny the Younger - Roman writer and nephew of Pliny the Elder; author of books of letters that commented on affairs of the day (62-113) Gaius Plinius Caecilius Secundus Pliny author writer - writes (books or stories or articles or the like) professionally (for pay) Legend: Synonyms Related Words Antonyms Some words with "Pliny the Younger" in the definition: abandoned infant adolescent Agrippina the Younger bachelor girl ... Pliny the Elder Previous General Dictionary Browser Next Plighter Plim plimsoll ... Ploceus Full Dictionary Browser Plimmerton (enc.) Plimsol line (enc.) Plimsoll Plimsoll (enc.) Plimsoll line Plimsoll line (enc.) Plimsoll Mark Plimsoll Mark (enc.) Plimsoll's mark pling (comp.) plingnet (comp.) Plinian eruption Plínio Salgado (enc.) Plinking (enc.) Plinth Plinth (enc.) Pliny Pliny (enc.) Pliny the Elder Pliny the Elder (enc.) Pliny Township, Minnesota (enc.) Pliny's Natural History (enc.) Pliny, West Virginia

34. Pliny The Younger pliny the younger. Roman administrator. He was the nephew of Pliny the Elder. His correspondence is of great interest; among his http://www.tiscali.co.uk/reference/encyclopaedia/hutchinson/m0012867.html

Your browser does not support inline frames or is currently configured not to display inline frames. // Show bread crumbs navigation path. breadcrumbs('four'); //> ENCYCLOPAEDIA Hutchinson's Encyclopaedia Men's Health ... Wildlife Frames not supported Frames not supported Encyclopaedia Search Click a letter for the index A B C D ... Z Or search the encyclopaedia: Pliny the Younger Trajan makeButton("REFERENCE.HOME","R1") makeButtonNoSize("REFERENCE.HOME","R2") makeButton("REFERENCE.HOME","R3") makeButton("REFERENCE.HOME","R4") Your browser does not support inline frames or is currently configured not to display inline frames. servePixl("REFERENCE.HOME"); //accipter 1x1 pixel

35. Mount Vesuvius pliny the younger The following excerpts are from an account written by pliny the younger to the Roman historian Tactitus shortly after the 79 AD Mount http://www.cotf.edu/ete/modules/volcanoes/vmtvesuvius.html

Skip Navigation Mount Vesuvius Today two million people live in the immediate vicinity of Mount Vesuvius. This mountain has erupted more than 50 times since the eruption in 79 A.D., when it buried Pompeii and its sister city, Herculaneum. After Pompeii was buried and lost to history, the volcano continued to erupt every 100 years until about 1037 A.D., when it entered a 600-year period of quiescence. In 1631, the volcano killed an additional 4000 unsuspecting inhabitants. It was during the restoration after this eruption that workers discovered the ruins of Pompeii, buried and forgotten for nearly 1600 years. It would take another 300 years for the excavations to reveal the story of Pompeii and Herculaneum. For excellent coverage of Pompeii, Vesuvius, and the continuing narrative of tragic human involvement with nature, readers may want to locate a copy of Planet Earth: Volcano by Time-Life Books. The picture to the left shows Mount Vesuvius as seen from the recently excavated ruins of Pompeii. Vesuvius is about 5 miles away. Try to imagine huge, billowing, gray-black clouds like those at Mount St. Helens rushing toward you at a hundred miles an hour. That is probably what the ancient Romans (whose body casts are shown below) saw just before they were entombed by hot ash. Photo: Courtesy of Dr. James Botti.

36. Pliny The Younger Definition Meaning Information Explanation pliny the younger definition, meaning and explanation and more about pliny the younger. FreeDefinition - Online Glossary and Encyclopedia, pliny the younger. http://www.free-definition.com/Pliny-the-Younger.html

A B C D ... Contact Beta 0.71 powered by: akademie.de PHP PostgreSQL Google News about your search term Pliny the Younger Caius Plinius Cecilius Secundus - ca. ), better known as Pliny the Younger , was a lawyer, an author and a scientist of Ancient Rome Born in Como Italy , Pliny the Younger was the nephew of Pliny the Elder , who is considered by many to be the greatest naturalist of antiquity. Pliny was orphaned at an early age had Virginius Rufus (an important man and general in the Roman army) as his tutor . He was later adopted by his uncle Pliny the Elder, who brought him to study in Rome, where his teachers were Quintilian and Nices Sacerdos. He started his legal career at the age of 19 and his reputation grew rapidly. Pliny was considered an honest and moderate man and rose through a series of imperial civil and military offices, the cursus honorum He was flamen Divi Augusti (priest in the cult of the Emperor) in , then decemvir litibus iudicandis (sort of civil judge), military tribune in Syria (where he met the philosophers Artemidor and Euphrates), sevir equitum Romanorum (commander of a cavalry squadron) in quaestor imperatoris and urban quaestor in . He was named a tribunus plebis in praetor in praefectus (of the military treasury first, and of the treasury of Saturn later), and

37. Pliny The Younger - Reference Library pliny the younger. Caius Plinius Cecilius Secundus (63 ca. 113), better known as pliny the younger, was a lawyer, an author and a scientist of Ancient Rome. http://www.campusprogram.com/reference/en/wikipedia/p/pl/pliny_the_younger.html

Reference Library: Encyclopedia Main Page See live article Alphabetical index Pliny the Younger Caius Plinius Cecilius Secundus - ca. ), better known as Pliny the Younger , was a lawyer, an author and a scientist of Ancient Rome Born in Como Italy , Pliny the Younger was the nephew of Pliny the Elder , who is considered by many to be the greatest naturalist of antiquity. Pliny was orphaned at an early age had Virginius Rufus (an important man and general in the Roman army) as his tutor . He was later adopted by his uncle Pliny the Elder, who brought him to study in Rome, where his teachers were Quintilian and Nices Sacerdos. He started his legal career at the age of 19 and his reputation grew rapidly. Pliny was considered an honest and moderate man and rose through a series of imperial civil and military offices, the cursus honorum He was flamen Divi Augusti (priest in the cult of the Emperor) in , then decemvir litibus iudicandis (sort of civil judge), military tribune in Syria (where he met the philosophers Artemidor and Euphrates), sevir equitum Romanorum (commander of a cavalry squadron) in quaestor imperatoris and urban quaestor in . He was named a tribunus plebis in praetor in praefectus (of the military treasury first, and of the gay treasury of

38. Secrets Of The Dead: Pompeii And Herculaneum Pliny the Elder, writer on natural history and commander of the Roman fleet, was being visited by his sister and her son, later known as pliny the younger. http://www.channel4.com/history/microsites/P/pompeii/timet.htm

Broadband FilmFour Text Only TV Listings ... FIND OUT MORE The eruption of Vesuvius A timetable of 24/25 August AD 79 At the time of the eruption, three significant individuals were staying at Misenum, across the Bay of Naples from Vesuvius. Pliny the Elder, writer on natural history and commander of the Roman fleet, was being visited by his sister and her son, later known as Pliny the Younger. Although he was only 18 years old when the disaster struck, what he experienced then made a deep impression on Pliny the Younger. Many years later, when he was asked by the Roman historian Tacitus to provide an eye-witness description of the calamity for his Historiae , Pliny produced a vivid, hour-by-hour account that has provided valuable clues for present-day volcanologists. They have been able to marry these with the latest research to come up with a new scientific account of the deaths of the thousands who were living in the shadow of Vesuvius on that fateful day - including Pliny the Elder. To find out how the latest scientific thinking compares with this account, click on button.

39. MSN Encarta - Pliny The Younger Sign in above. pliny the younger. pliny the younger (62113), Roman official, whose letters give a valuable description of life in the 1st century ad. http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761579269/Pliny_the_Younger.html

MSN Home My MSN Hotmail Shopping ... Money Web Search: logoImg('http://sc.msn.com'); Encarta Subscriber Sign In Help Home ... Upgrade to Encarta Premium Search Encarta Subscription Article MSN Encarta Premium: Get this article, plus 60,000 other articles, an interactive atlas, dictionaries, thesaurus, articles from 100 leading magazines, homework tools, daily math help and more for $4.95/month or $29.95/year (plus applicable taxes.) Learn more. This article is exclusively available for MSN Encarta Premium Subscribers. Already a subscriber? Sign in above. Pliny the Younger Pliny the Younger (62-113), Roman official, whose letters give a valuable description of life in the 1st century ad . His full Latin name was Gaius... Related Items epicureanism letters to Cornelius Tacitus 12 items Sidebars SIDEBAR Pliny the Younger: Selected Letters 3 items Quotations Desire: An object in possession seldom… 9 items Want more Encarta? Become a subscriber today and gain access to: Daily Math Help Literature Guides Researcher Tools Paper-Writing Guides 60,000 + articles

40. MSN Encarta - Search Results - Pliny The Younger Encarta Search results for pliny the younger . Page 1 of 1. *, Exclusively for MSN Encarta Premium Subscribers. 1. pliny the younger*. http://encarta.msn.com/Pliny_the_Younger.html

MSN Home My MSN Hotmail Shopping ... Money Web Search: logoImg('http://sc.msn.com'); Encarta Subscriber Sign In Help Home ... Upgrade to Encarta Premium Search Encarta Encarta Search results for "Pliny the Younger" Page of 1 Exclusively for MSN Encarta Premium Subscribers Pliny the Younger Article—Encarta Encyclopedia Pliny the Younger (62-113), Roman official, whose letters give a valuable description of life in the 1st century ad . His full Latin name was Gaius... related items epicureanism letters to Cornelius Tacitus quotations Suetonius ... Pliny the Younger on Pliny the Elder Sidebar—Encarta Encyclopedia Pliny the Younger, a 1st-century- ad Roman official and nephew to the prominent writer and encyclopedist Pliny the Elder, published several books of... Pliny the Younger: Selected Letters Sidebar—Encarta Encyclopedia Gaius Plinius Caecilius Secundus, known as Pliny the Younger, held the high posts of praetor and consul in Rome. His letters, published in a series... Pliny on Vesuvius, the Persecution of Christians Sidebar—Encarta Encyclopedia Gaius Plinius Caecilius Secundus, known as Pliny the Younger, was born to a wealthy family in Como, Italy, in the year 62, and was adopted by his...

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