61. Fantastic Metropolis: Fiction: Olaudah Equiano Crosses The Ice olaudah equiano Crosses the Ice (1 of 2). By Wendy Walker. Born on the Edge of an Adjective by Christopher Barzak. olaudah equiano Crosses the Ice by Wendy Walker. http://www.fantasticmetropolis.com/show.html?fn,equiano,1

62. HistoryMole: Olaudah Equiano (1745-1797) olaudah equiano (17451797). Timeline. 1745, olaudah equiano (1745-1797), was born in Essaka, an Igbo village in the Kingdom of Benin. http://www.historymole.com/cgi-bin/main/results.pl?type=theme&theme=OEquiano

63. African American Registry: Olaudah Equiano, Slave And Author On this date in 1745, we remember the birth of olaudah equiano, an African slave, and author. olaudah equiano, slave and author. March 12 olaudah equiano. http://www.aaregistry.com/african_american_history/1233/Olaudah_Equiano_slave_an

Olaudah Equiano, slave and author Home What Happened on Your Birthday? Search the Registry by Category ... Contact March 12 Olaudah Equiano On this date in 1745, we remember the birth of Olaudah Equiano, an African slave, and author. From Nigeria, Equiano, also known as (Gustavus Vassa), was kidnapped from his African village at the age of eleven, shipped through the grueling "Middle Passage" of the Atlantic Ocean, hardened in the West Indies and sold to a Virginia planter. He was later bought by a British naval Officer, Captain Pascal, as a present for his cousins in London. After ten years of enslavement throughout the North America, where he assisted his merchant slave master and worked as a seaman, Equiano bought his freedom. At the age of forty-four he wrote and published his autobiography, The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano, Or Gustavus Vassa, The African. Written by Himself, he registered this writing at Stationer’s Hall, London, in 1789. More than two centuries later, his work was recognized not only as one of the first works written in English by a former slave, but perhaps more important as the paradigm of the slave narrative, a (then) new literary genre. In his narrative, Equiano recalls his childhood in Essaka (an Igbo village formerly in northeast Nigeria), where he was adorned in the tradition of the "greatest warriors." He was unique in his remembrance of traditional African life before the advent of the European slave trade. Equally significant is Equiano’s life on the high seas, which included not only travels throughout the Americas, Turkey, and the Mediterranean, but also participation in major naval battles during the French and Indian War (Seven Years’ War), as well as in the search for a northwest passage led by the Phipps expedition of 1772-1773.

64. The Black Presence In Britain - Black British History Abolitionists olaudah equiano. More websites about equiano. Further Reading The life of olaudah equiano, ed Paul Edwards, (EssexLongman GroupUK, 1989. http://www.blackpresence.co.uk/pages/slavery/equiano.htm

Home Editor Sitemap Get Started ... Contact Abolitionists - Olaudah Equiano Olaudah Equiano, later to be known as (Gustavus Vassa) was born in what is Today Nigeria, kidnapped from his African village at the age of eleven, and sold to a Virginia planter. He was later bought by a British naval Officer, Captain Pascal, as a present for his cousins in London. Equiano bought his freedom after ten years of enslavement throughout the North American continent, where he assisted his merchant slave master and worked as a seaman. At the age of forty four he wrote and published his autobiography, The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano, Or Gustavus Vassa, The African. Written by Himself, which he registered at Stationer's Hall, London, in 1789. More than two centuries later, this work is recognised not only as one of the first works Published in England by an African. Equiano recalls his childhood in Essaka, where he was adorned in the tradition of the "greatest warriors." He is unique in his recollection of traditional African life before the advent of the European slave trade. Equiano was extremely well travelled for his time. He not only traveled throughout the Americas, Turkey and the Mediterranean; but also participated in major naval battles during the French and Indian War (Seven Years' War), as well as in the search for a Northwest passage led by the Philips expedition of 1772-1773.

65. Penguin Books On Equiano, Olaudah, Penguin Putnam Books on equiano, olaudah, The Interesting Narrative and Other Writings (Adobe eBook Reader); The Interesting Narrative http://doi.contentdirections.com/mr/penguin_subject.jsp/Equiano, Olaudah,/10.122

66. Slave Narratives: The Story Of Olaudah Equiano Slave Narratives The Story of olaudah equiano. Students will research the experiences of olaudah equiano after his narrative and create a children’s book. http://www.amistadamerica.org/new/main/html/curriculum/equiano.html

Lesson Plan 2-3 days High School Slave Narratives: The Story of Olaudah Equiano Possible Subject Area(s): English, Social Studies Overview Central Themes: Change, cultural differences, individual perceptions Objectives Students will read and respond to texts in individual and critical ways. Students will describe thoughts, opinions, and questions that arise as they read to demonstrate a basic understanding of the text. Students will produce written, oral, and visual texts to express, develop, and substantiate ideas and experiences. Materials Needed Texts Notebooks Unlined paper Suggested Procedure/Activities Prewriting: Describe your family and the place where you live. If you were suddenly taken away from your home, what would your concerns be? Discuss student responses in class. Encourage students to add ideas from the class discussion to their journal notes. These might be done in different color ink. Homework: Suggested Assessment/Evaluation Reader response journal, class discussion, illustration, research homework. Possible Extensions/Resources The Norton Anthology of African American Literature . Henry Louis Gates Jr. and Nellie Y. McKay, editors.

67. From Slavery To Freedom · A Look Into The Life Of Olaudah Equiano site offers brief description of the life of olaudah equiano and gives a look into the middle passge. equiano, olaudah or Gustavus Vassa. http://www.freewebs.com/keema/briefbiography.htm

From Slavery to Freedom A Look Into The Life of Olaudah Equiano Home Brief Biography Middle Passage Olaudah Equiano, who is also known as Gustavas Vassa, escaped from slavery and lived to write his life's story. He was the first African-born former slave to write his life's story, himself, with no help or direction from white ghostwriters or editors Olaudah Equiano (1745-1797) Olaudah Equiano or Gustavus Vassa was born, in 1745, to the Ibo tribe of a kingdom called Benin, which is located in Nigeria, Africa. His home life in Africa was prosperous with artists such as dancers, musicians, and poets. His African name, Olaudah, signifies mutability or fortunate. The chiefs and elders in the tribe conducted every transaction of the government. His father was one of those elders who held the highest title and distinction within the tribe. Olaudah was the youngest of all of his brothers and was, therefore, his mother's favorite. She was responsible for the cultivation of his mind, as he was always under her supervision. His mother had him trained in the arts of agriculture and in war. Life for Olaudah was content and his instruction and training continued, all the way up to the tender age of 11(1). In the year that Olaudah turned 11, his life took a tragic and dramatic change. It was then that he and his sister were kidnapped. Two men and one woman crossed over the walls to the compound where the two youngsters were tending to the house. They gagged Olaudah and his sister, bounded their hands, and carried them off into the nearest woods(1).

68. Volume A: American Literature To 1820 olaudah equiano, The Interesting Narrative of the Life of olaudah equiano. Biography. Born in the Ibo village of Essaka in what is http://www.wwnorton.com/naal/vol_A/explorations/equiano.htm

Olaudah Equiano, The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano Biography Born in the Ibo village of Essaka in what is now Nigeria, Equiano was sold at the age of eleven to British slavers, transported first to Barbados and then to a plantation in Virginia. While living in Philadelphia in 1766, Equiano purchased his freedom from his third owner and left America for good, spending much of the rest of his life in London. He supported himself as a free servant, barber, and musician; lectured on abolitionism; and traveled to such countries as Turkey, Italy, and Nicaragua. Though he referred to himself as "the African" and longed to set foot on his homeland once more, he was never able to return. The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano, or Gustavus Vassa, the African , was published in London in 1789 and printed in New York in 1791.

69. The Interesting Narrative Of The Life Of Olaudah Equiano, Or Gustavus Vassa, The olaudah equiano. The Interesting Narrative of the Life of olaudah equiano, or Gustavus Vassa, The African, Written by Himself A NORTON CRITICAL EDITION. Contents http://www.wwnorton.com/college/english/nce/EQUIANO/toc.htm

Olaudah Equiano The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano, or Gustavus Vassa, The African, Written by Himself A NORTON CRITICAL EDITION Contents Introduction Acknowledgments The Text of The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano, or Gustavus Vassa, the African, Written by Himself Map: Equiano's World Frontispiece Title Page List of Subscribers Contents of Volumes I and II The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano, or Gustavus Vassa, the African, Written by Himself Notes on the Text Selected Varients Additions Selected Textual Differences between First and Ninth Editions Contexts Illustration : Nautical Terms Related Public Writings James Tobin * From Cursory Remarks [upon James Ramsay's Antislavery Writing] (1785) Gustavas Vassa * Letter to James Tobin (January 28, 1788) Samuel Jackson Pratt * From Humanity; or, the Rights of Nature Gustavus Vassa * Letter to the Author of the Poem on Humanit (June 27, 1788) Illustration : Cross section of the slave ship Brookes Gustavus Vassa * Letter to the Committee for the Abolition of the Slave Trade (February 14, 1789)

70. General Search Results For EQUIANO, OLAUDAH Search Results For equiano, olaudah, Found 1 Total Search Results. Title, RRP, Our Price. INTERESTING NARRATIVE Type paperback (B format), £8.99, £7.91. http://holdfast.seekbooks.co.uk/frontpagelinesonly.asp?storeurl=holdfast&searchb

71. Equiano Bibliography (Carey) Selected Bibliography olaudah equiano (17451797). By Brycchan Carey, Kingston University. Vincent Carretta, olaudah equiano or Gustavus Vassa? http://www.c18.rutgers.edu/biblio/equiano.html

c18 Europe c18 America Search Interroger ... Contacter Selected Bibliography: Olaudah Equiano By Brycchan Carey Kingston University Last revised 3 July 2002 Bibliographies There is no comprehensive printed bibliography of secondary literature on Ignatius Sancho. Brycchan Carey has produced an attempt at a comprehensive on-line bibliography at http://www.brycchancarey.com/equiano/ Editions The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano, or Gustavus Vassa, the African, Written by Himself , 2 vols (London, 1789). The first edition is notable for a number of reasons, including that it is the first work we know of to have been both written and published by an African in England. The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano, or Gustavus Vassa, the African, Written by Himself , 2 vols (New York, 1791). The first (unauthorised) American edition. The Life of Olaudah Equiano, or, Gustavus Vassa the African , reprinted with a new introduction by Paul Edwards, Colonial History Series (London: Dawson, 1969). A facsimile of the 1789 first edition with an important introduction by Paul Edwards. This one of the first texts of the Equiano renaissance. The Interesting Narrative and Other Writings , ed. Vincent Carretta (London and New York: Penguin, 1995). Reprints the ninth edition (London, 1794) along with a number of Equiano's letters and newspaper articles. Scholarly, with a wealth of detailed notes, this is now the standard edition. A new edition with further critical and historical material, is promised for 2002.

72. Oloudah Equiano Oloudah equiano. The narrative by olaudah equiano gives an interesting perspective of slavery both within and outside of Africa in the eighteenth century. http://www.ccc.commnet.edu/faculty/~archives/history/brown.htm

Wallace Brown Professor Goldberger History 101 10 December 1996 Oloudah Equiano The narrative by Olaudah Equiano gives an interesting perspective of slavery both within and outside of Africa in the eighteenth century. From these writings we can gain insight into the religion and customs of an African culture. We can also see how developed the system of trade was within Africa, and worldwide by this time. Finally, we hear an insider's view on being enslaved, how slaves were treated in Africa, and what the treatment of African slaves was like at the hands of the Europeans. Olaudah spends a good part of the narrative acquainting the reader with the customs of his people. He describes the importance of hygiene to his people. Their overall health and vigor was helped by their penchant for cleanliness, and it makes them seem more "advanced." This is an interesting development considering the problems that a lack of hygiene can lead to. His description of a wedding also seems very modern, but the importance of dance in the festivities shows another facet of Olaudah's people. The dance defined the different groups within their village. First, and most important, were the married men, followed by married women, single men, and lastly unmarried women. The groups also used the dance to relate stories or tell events that were important to them. This practice probably also strengthened the bonds within the groups. Olaudah also wrote about the division of chores within his village. The women were responsible for the spinning and weaving, and the men took care of the building. It is interesting to note the similarity of their dress, and the fact that both men and women joined in battle when the village was at war. They did not, however, sleep in the same dwelling.

73. Yekrik! Yekrak! Olaudah Equiano (1745 - Av. 1811) 1661 à 1715 Translate this page olaudah equiano, écrivit son autobiographie, The interesting of the life of olaudah equiano, or Gustavos Vassa the African, written by himself, (Relation http://perso.wanadoo.fr/yekrik.yekrak/equiano.htm

KIDNAPPED (...)". The interesting of the life of Olaudah Equiano, or Gustavos Vassa the African, written by himsel Gentleman's magazine " ." Liens Olaudah Equiano's life, Equiano Foundation (Univ. of Cedar City, Utah) Courte biographie The life of Gustavus Vassa - chap. 2 : The Atlantic Voyage ; Chap. V : The Abuse of Slaves in the West Indies (Wash. St. Univ., Vancouver) : Extraits et petit questionnaire Longman Institute - The American Nation - Hist. of the US online - Primary sources - Olaudah Equiano : the middle passage Autre extrait et petit questionnaire Bibliographie, Jeunesse HOSKING (Teresa), Black people in Britain 1650-1850 , " Martin Dickins & Jap Jones - History in depth ", Mac Millan, London, 1984 Adultes EDWARDS (Paul), The life of Olaudah Equiano , Longmans, London, 1998 WALVIN (James), Black Ivory : a history of British slavery THOMAS (Hugues), The slave trade : The history of the Atlantic slave trade 1440-1870

74. Olaudah Equiano peoplePeople olaudah equiano. Gustavus Vassa abolitionist, writer Born c. 1745 Birthplace present day Nigeria An Igbo, equiano http://www.factmonster.com/cgi-bin/id/A0878502.html

People Olaudah Equiano Gustavus Vassa abolitionist, writer Born: c. 1745 Birthplace: present day Nigeria An Igbo, Equiano was captured and sold into slavery as a child. He was taken to the West Indies where his slave name became Gustavus, after a 16th century Swedish king. Taught to read and write, he was able to purchase his own freedom. Equiano made his way to London, where he worked briefly in a government office helping resettle blacks in Africa, probably making him the first black British civil servant. In 1789, he published his autobiography, The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano, or Gustavus Vassa the African, which had a strong abolitionist message. Though some critics called it propaganda, the book was a financial success. In 1792, Equiano married an Englishwoman, Susanna Cullen. They had two daughters. Died: c. 1800 Print this page Cite this page AD AD AD ADS Link to Fact Monster Add Fact Monster search to your site ... Privacy Brought to you by:

75. Equiano In Context equiano in Context Library and Internet Resources on olaudah equiano and His Times. Schaffer Library. Nnebe, Nwabu. olaudah equiano Biography. Online . http://www.union.edu/PUBLIC/LIBRARY/guide/equiano.html

Freshman Preceptorial: A Genealogy of Freedom Equiano in Context: Library and Internet Resources on Olaudah Equiano and His Times Schaffer Library This Guide: Equiano in Context Reference Books The Catalog Internet Resources Databases Action Menu: Search Minerva Catalog Place Book Orders Search E-Journals Search Other Libraries ... Search the Web Home Pages: Union College Other Preceptorial Web Sites Schaffer Library BACKGROUND INFORMATION Overviews of Equiano's Writings African American writers . Valerie Smith, consulting editor; Lea Baechler, A. Walton Litz, general editors. New York : C. Scribner's Sons; Toronto: Collier Macmillan Canada ; New York: Maxwell Macmillan International, c1991. The article entitled "The Slave Narrative in American Literature" discusses the narratives of Equiano, Frederick Douglass, and Harriet Jacobs and includes a bibliography of primary sources, biographies, and critical studies. CALL NUMBER: Ref PS 153 .N5 A344 1991 Black literature criticism: excerpts from criticism of the most significant works of black authors over the past 200 years . Edited by James P. Draper. Detroit: Gale Research, 1992.

76. Soham On-Line - Olaudah Equiano, Or Gustavus Vassa, The Anti-Slave Activist olaudah equiano THE ANTI-SLAVE ACTIVIST. olaudah equiano or Gustavus Vassa - b.1745 d.1797. Perhaps the most famous marriage at http://www.soham.org.uk/history/olaudahequiano.htm

window.defaultStatus = "Soham On-Line Community Website" OLAUDAH EQUIANO - THE ANTI-SLAVE ACTIVIST Olaudah Equiano or Gustavus Vassa - b.1745 d.1797 Perhaps the most famous marriage at St Andrew's Church, Soham in Cambridgeshire was between Olaudah Equiano and Susannah Cullen (from the nearby village of Fordham) on the 7th April 1792. Slavery was still in force at the time of their marriage. Olaudah Equiano otherwise known as Gustavus Vassa was the African slave who gained his freedom and became an activist for the abolition of slavery in the 18th Century. He wrote his celebrated Autobiography - 'The Interesting Narrative of the life of Olaudah Equiano or Gustavus Vassa, the African 1789' which is still available to buy to this day. A Brief Biography After a shipwreck in the Bahamas he purchased his passage to England where he became a hairdresser in London c.1767. As a free man Equiano returned to the sea and to trade and during this time he took part in voyages to the West Indies, the Mediterranean and more notably, the Arctic in 1773 (an extraordinary venture in the 18th century). He converted to Methodism in about 1774. The next year, he helped set up a plantation in Central America, where he acted as the buyer and overseer of the black slaves. By 1777 he had resigned from this job and returned to London where he became involved in a plan to resettle poor blacks in Sierra Leone. His attempt to work for the Sierra Leone resettlement scheme (for London's destitute blacks) was short-lived since he was sacked for standing up for black rights in 1777. He started his anti-slavery activities around this time - first trying to free the black sea-cook, John Annis. From 1787, he devoted himself to the anti-slavery cause, going on lengthy speaking tours in order to win over public opinion. His personal account, 'The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano, or Gustavus Vassa, the African', published in 1789, was a "uniquely detailed account of an African's movement out of slavery". It was the most important single literary contribution to the campaign for the abolition of slavery.

77. African Writers Series - Writer Details - Olaudah Equiano (Nigeria) olaudah equiano (Nigeria), Writers Profile. AWS Books equiano s Travels. Additional information Register for updates about equiano. See also http://www.africanwriters.com/Writers/WriterTop.asp?cPK=EquianoOlaudah

78. African Writers Series - Book Details - Equiano's Travels - Olaudah Equiano & Pa equiano s Travels olaudah equiano Paul Edwards, Writers- Book Detail. Nigeria Non-fiction Published in 1996 164pp AWS B Format http://www.africanwriters.com/Writers/BookTop.asp?cPK=0435906003

79. Harvard University Press/Black Jacks/Olaudah Equiano Back to Black Jacks Index. olaudah equiano. All rights reserved. Excerpts from olaudah equiano s autobiography are available on the Web.. http://www.hup.harvard.edu/features/bolbla/olaudah_equiano.html

OLAUDAH EQUIANO "Among the most cosmopolitan of all slaves, seafarers like Olaudah Equiano and John Jea [not pictured] became leaders of various black communities and ardent abolitionists. Sailors, including Equiano and Jea, were among the earliest black autobiographers to write in English." (photo caption) Excerpts from Olaudah Equiano's autobiography are available on the Web.]

80. America Past And Present Online - Olaudah Equiano, The Middle Passage (1788) olaudah equiano, The Middle Passage (1788). . . . The first object which saluted my eyes when I arrived on the coast was the sea, and http://occawlonline.pearsoned.com/bookbind/pubbooks/divine5e/medialib/timeline/d

Olaudah Equiano, The Middle Passage (1788) . . . I and some few more slaves, that were not saleable amongst the rest, from very much fretting, were shipped off in a sloop for North America. . . . While I was in this plantation [in Virginia] the gentleman, to whom I suppose the estate belonged, being unwell, I was one day sent for to his dwelling house to fan him; when I came into the room where he was I was very much affrighted at some things I saw, and the more so as I had seen a black woman slave as I came through the house, who was cooking the dinner, and the poor creature was cruelly loaded with various kinds of iron machines; she had one particularly on her head, which locked her mouth so fast that she could scarcely speak; and could not eat nor drink. I was much astonished and shocked at this contrivance, which I afterwards learned was called the iron muzzle . . .

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