21. Equiano Main Page "May the time come . . . when the sable people shall gratefully commemorate the auspicious era of extensive freedom." The Interesting Life. of olaudah equiano. . . . African, slave, sailor, writer http://www.princeton.edu/~howarth/304.Projects/Erera/Pages/Main.htm

"May the time come . . . when the sable people shall gratefully commemorate the auspicious era of extensive freedom." The Interesting Life of Olaudah Equiano . . . African, slave, sailor, writer, Englishman, Christian, abolitionist Olaudah Equiano[o-lah- oo -day ek-wee- ah -no], called Gustavus Vassa by his white masters, became a legend through his words. In 1788 England published his autobiographical work, The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano, or Gustavus Vassa, the African , which set the precedent for anti-slavery literature written by former slaves themselves, which would have a profound impact on the abolition movements in the eighteenth century. Born in 1745 in a small village in modern-day Nigeria, Equiano would travel far before his death in 1797. African slave traders tore him from his family when he was eleven. Thus began a series of worldly experiences not matched by many of the most cosmopolitan people let alone of an oppressed young black man. Equiano offers unique perspective not found in the later works of African-American freedmen, like Frederick Douglass, for he remembers his native Arican community before enslavement. Equiano writes of his struggle to assimilate to the many cultures he became a part of, often by force: as Ibo, slave, sailor, Englishman, and Christian. His vivid descriptions and faithful telling of tales allow readers to relate closely to the troubled spirit of one man attempting to forge identity and gain self-empowerment in an adverse world.

22. Olaudah Equiano: A Critical Biography This page contains an illustrated biography of olaudah equiano, or, Gustavus Vassa, the African. olaudah equiano A Critical Biography. http://www.brycchancarey.com/equiano/biog.htm

Home Slavery Abolition Equiano ... Search Olaudah Equiano: A Critical Biography Almost everything we know about the first ten years of Equiano's life we find from Equiano's own account in The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano, or Gustavus Vassa, the African , published in 1789. In this, Equiano tells us that he was born around the year 1745 in an area called 'Eboe' in Guinea. Ibo (or Igbo) is one of the main languages of present day Nigeria. Equiano tells us that he was the son of a chief, and that at about the age of eleven he and his sister were kidnapped while out playing, and were marched to the coast and put on board a slave ship . Equiano then endured the middle passage on a slave ship bound for the New World. Equiano's accounts of Africa and the middle passage have became famous. In recent years, however, it has been suggested by Vincent Carretta that Equiano may not have been born in Africa at all. According to Carretta, Equiano may have been born a slave in South Carolina - at that time one of the thirteen British colonies in North America. Indeed, if Carretta's evidence - Equiano's baptismal records, and a naval muster roll - is accurate, there is a possibility that Equiano never visited Africa. The early parts of his autobiography may reflect the oral history of other slaves, combined with information Equiano gleaned from books he had read about Africa. click here for a summary of the main arguments on both sides of the debate.

23. PHONE-SOFT INTERNET-VERZEICHNIS DEUTSCHLAND:EQUIANO, OLAUDAH DISCUSSION. SEARCH. INDEX. HELP. equiano, olaudah. GLEICHE KATEGORIE ÖSTERREICH INTERNATIONAL. - http://www.phs2.net/cwde/L3/ob386d.htm

TOP-LINK UP-LINK DISCUSSION SEARCH ... HELP EQUIANO, OLAUDAH GLEICHE KATEGORIE: INTERNATIONAL

24. James Cook And Olaudah Equiano I was born in north England. My parents were poor farm workers. I decided to run away to sea. I was lucky to get a job on the boats http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/walk/timestrip/cook_equi.shtml

Home TV Radio Talk ... A-Z Index FRIDAY 28th May 2004 Text only BBC Homepage History Schools ... Help Like this page? Send it to a friend! I was born in north England. My parents were poor farm workers. I decided to run away to sea. I was lucky to get a job on the boats carrying coal from Newcastle to London. I learned to be a very good sailor and taught myself to be a brilliant navigator. When I was 28, a war started and I joined the Royal Navy. I was quickly made the Captain of my own ship. After the war, the Government chose me to lead an expedition to the South Seas. I made three long voyages to Australia and New Zealand, the islands of the Pacific Ocean and the Antarctic and North America. I sailed further than any person before me and discovered many things. I was born in Essaka, a small village in West Africa. When I was about 11 years old, I was kidnapped and sold as a slave. I never saw my family again. I was put on a ship and taken to America. It was a horrible experience. I was sold to an English sailor who took me to London. For ten years I worked as a slave on ships that sailed around Europe. I taught myself to read and write. When I was 21, I paid my freedom. I carried on working. I visited many places and fought in wars. I saw how cruelly my fellow Africans were treated.

25. Olaudah Equiano (Gustavus Vassa) olaudah equiano (Gustavus Vassa) links to texts, bibliographies, information olaudah equiano (Gustavus Vassa) (c. 17451797) olaudah equiano. Site with links, pictures, a newspaper advertisement, and new information about equiano's birthplace http://www.gonzaga.edu/faculty/campbell/enl310/equiano.htm

Literary Movements Timeline American Authors English 310/510 ... English 462/562 Olaudah Equiano (Gustavus Vassa) (c. 1745-1797) American Literature Sites Foley Library Catalog Selected Bibliography on African American Literature Slave Narratives ... Olaudah Equiano . Site with links, pictures, a newspaper advertisement, and new information about Equiano's birthplace. Extensive biographical sketch from the above site. Biographical sketch and engraving. Teaching Equiano from the Heath Anthology site. Bibliography and study questions from Paul Reuben's PAL site. Information and picture from the frontispiece of Equiano's Interesting Narrative The Equiano Foundation Image considered to be a portrait of Equiano courtesy of Black Jacks: African American Seamen in the Age of Sail by W. Jeffrey Bolster. Works Available Online From Chapters Two and Five of The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano or Gustavus Vassa, the African Excerpts and a bibliography from Resources for Teachers at the California Newsreel site.

26. From Slavery To Freedom · A Look Into The Life Of Olaudah Equiano Biography of former slave olaudah equiano provides information reguarding the middle passage, with graphic images of olaudah equiano, slave ships, and a map of the middle passage. http://www.freewebs.com/keema/

From Slavery to Freedom A Look Into The Life of Olaudah Equiano Home Brief Biography Middle Passage Search for books by Olaudah Equiano at Amazon.com A Brief Biography of Olaudah Equiano O r Gustavus Vassa The purpose of this site is to offer a brief biography of the life of Olaudah Equiao or Gustavus Vassa. Here one could examine his account of his kidnapping, bondage into slavery, and the freedoms that he encountered during his life. Also, one can obtain information and view detailed photographs of Olaudah Equiano, slave ships, and the middle passage. Brief Biography Middle Passage This site built and hosted for free by FreeWebs.com. Click here to get your own free website.

27. Olaudah Equiano, B. 1745 (pseud. Gustavus Vassa) The Interesting Narrative Of Th The Interesting Narrative of the Life of olaudah equiano, or Gustavus Vassa, the African. Written by Himself. Vol. I. By olaudah equiano, b. 1745 (pseud. http://docsouth.unc.edu/neh/equiano1/menu.html

Olaudah Equiano, b. 1745 (pseud. Gustavus Vassa) The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano, or Gustavus Vassa, the African. Written by Himself. Vol. I. London: Author, [1789]. Full Text (v, [9], 272, [5] p., ca. 280K) HTML file XML/TEI source file Other Volumes of this work Vol. II. Subjects Africa Description and travel Early works to 1800. African Americans Biography. Blacks Biography. Equiano, Olaudah, b. 1745. ... Slaves' writings. Funding from the National Endowment for the Humanities supported the electronic publication of this title. The Schomburg Center for Research in Black Culture, New York Public Library, provided the text for the electronic publication of this title. Return to North American Slave Narratives Home Page Return to Documenting the American South Home Page Feedback URL: http://docsouth.unc.edu/neh/equiano1/menu.html Last update May 27, 2004

28. Documenting The American South Search Results. 2 titles with subject equiano, olaudah, b. 1745. The Interesting Narrative of the Life of olaudah equiano, or Gustavus Vassa, the African. http://docsouth.unc.edu/result.phtml?lcsh=Equiano, Olaudah, b. 1745.

29. Olaudah Equiano (1745-1797) olaudah equiano (17451797) Contributing Editor Angelo Costanzo. Classroom Issues and Strategies essay, "Three West African Writers of the 1780's.") equiano, olaudah. The Interesting Narrative http://college.hmco.com/english/heath/syllabuild/iguide/vassa.html

Olaudah Equiano (1745-1797) Contributing Editor: Angelo Costanzo Classroom Issues and Strategies I use Equiano as an introduction to American slave narrative literature and demonstrate the important influence of autobiographical form and style on the whole range of African-American literature up to the present day, including its impact on such writers as Richard Wright Ralph Ellison Alice Walker , and Toni Morrison Students are particularly interested in the way the whites conducted the slave trade in Africa by using the Africans themselves to kidnap their enemies and sell them into slavery. Equiano was sold this way. Also their interest is aroused by Equiano's fascinating descriptions of Africa as a self-sufficient culture and society before the incursions of the whites. Students are moved by the graphic scenes of slavery, the Middle Passage experience described by Equiano, and his persistent desire for freedom. Most of all, they enjoy reading the first-person account of a well-educated and resourceful former slave whose life story is filled with remarkable adventures and great achievements. Since students have no prior knowledge of Equiano's life and work, I give background information on the history and commerce of the eighteenth-century slave trade, placing in this context Equiano's life storyhis kidnapping, Middle Passage journey, slavery in the Western world, education, religion, and seafaring adventures. I also describe his abolitionist efforts in Great Britain, and I say something about his use of neoclassical prose in the autobiography.

30. From Revolution To Reconstruction: Outlines: Outline Of American Literature: Ear An Outline of American Literature. by Kathryn VanSpanckeren. Early American and Colonial Period to 1776 olaudah equiano (Gustavus Vassa) (c. 1745c. 1797). http://odur.let.rug.nl/~usa/LIT/equiano.htm

FRtR Outlines American Literature Early American and Colonial Period to 1776 > Olaudah Equiano (Gustavus Vassa) (c. 1745-c. 1797) An Outline of American Literature by Kathryn VanSpanckeren Early American and Colonial Period to 1776: Olaudah Equiano (Gustavus Vassa) (c. 1745-c. 1797) Index Important black writers like Olaudah Equiano and Jupiter Hammon emerged during the colonial period. Equiano, an Ibo from Niger (West Africa), was the first black in America to write an autobiography, The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano, or Gustavus Vassa, the African (1789). In the book - - an early example of the slave narrative genre Equiano gives an account of his native land and the horrors and cruelties of his captivity and enslavement in the West Indies. Equiano, who converted to Christianity, movingly laments his cruel "un-Christian" treatment by Christians a sentiment many African-Americans would voice in centuries to come. Index

31. Olaudah Equiano: The Life Of Gustavus Vassa olaudah equiano composed the firstever slave autobiography as a freed slave living in England. His autobiography, The Life of Gustavus http://www.wsu.edu:8080/~dee/DIASPORA/EQUIANO.HTM

William Henry Holcombe's defense of slavery in "The Alternative" ? How does Equiano employ Enlightenment and Protestant ideas? Does the narrative sound more "African" or more "European"? Why? Chapter V The Abuse of Slaves in the West Indies With shudd'ring horror pale, and eyes aghast, They view their lamentable lot, and find No rest?' This they frequently do. A negro man, on board a vessel of my master, while I belonged to her, having been put in irons for some trifling misdemeanor, and kept in that state for some days, being weary of life, took an opportunity of jumping orerboard into the sea; however, he was picked up without being drowned. Another, whose life was also a burden to him, resolved to starve himself to death, and refused to eat any victuals. This procured him a severe flogging; and he also, on the first occasion which offered, jumped overboard at Charleston, but was saved. No peace is given To us enslav'd, but custody severe, And stripes and arbitrary punishment InflictedÑ-Wbat peace can we return? But to our power, hostility and hate;

32. Literary Encyclopedia: Equiano, Olaudah equiano, olaudah. (1745 (?) 1797). www.LitEncyc.com. Domain Literature, Politics. Autobiographer, Man of Letters, Chronicler, Political Activist. http://www.litencyc.com/php/speople.php?rec=true&UID=1437

33. Olaudah Equiano (1745-1797) olaudah equiano (17451797). Contributing Editor Angelo Costanzo. equiano, olaudah. The Interesting Narrative and Other Writings. Ed. Vincent Carretta. http://www.georgetown.edu/faculty/bassr/heath/syllabuild/iguide/vassa.html

Olaudah Equiano (1745-1797) Contributing Editor: Angelo Costanzo Classroom Issues and Strategies I use Equiano as an introduction to American slave narrative literature and demonstrate the important influence of autobiographical form and style on the whole range of African-American literature up to the present day, including its impact on such writers as Richard Wright Ralph Ellison Alice Walker , and Toni Morrison Students are particularly interested in the way the whites conducted the slave trade in Africa by using the Africans themselves to kidnap their enemies and sell them into slavery. Equiano was sold this way. Also their interest is aroused by Equiano's fascinating descriptions of Africa as a self-sufficient culture and society before the incursions of the whites. Students are moved by the graphic scenes of slavery, the Middle Passage experience described by Equiano, and his persistent desire for freedom. Most of all, they enjoy reading the first-person account of a well-educated and resourceful former slave whose life story is filled with remarkable adventures and great achievements. Since students have no prior knowledge of Equiano's life and work, I give background information on the history and commerce of the eighteenth-century slave trade, placing in this context Equiano's life storyhis kidnapping, Middle Passage journey, slavery in the Western world, education, religion, and seafaring adventures. I also describe his abolitionist efforts in Great Britain, and I say something about his use of neoclassical prose in the autobiography.

34. Academic Directories What s a course like? Keep Me Informed! Send me AllLearn s monthly newsletter. DETAILS/DISCOUNTS. equiano, olaudah, http://www.alllearn.org/er/tree.jsp?c=5655

35. Africans In America/Part 1/Equiano's Autobiography The Interesting Narrative of the Life of olaudah equiano, or Gustavus Vassa, The African Chapter 2 I hope the reader will not think I have trespassed on his http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/aia/part1/1h320t.html

Equiano's autobiography The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano, or Gustavus Vassa, The African Chapter 2 I hope the reader will not think I have trespassed on his patience in introducing myself to him with some account of the manners and customs of my country. They had been implanted in me with great care, and made an impression on my mind, which time could not erase, and which all the adversity and variety of furtune I have since experienced, served only to rivet and record: for, whether the love of one's country be real or imaginary, or a lesson of reason, or an instinct of nature, I still look back with pleasure on the first scenes of my life, though that pleasure has been for the most part mingled with sorrow. I was there I suppose about a month, and they at last used to trust me some little distance from the house. This liberty I used in embracing every opportunity to inquire the way to my own home; and I also sometimes, for the same purpose, went with the maidens, in the cool of the evenings, to bring pitchers of water from the springs for the use of the house. I had also remarked where the sun rose in the morning, and set in the evening, as I had travelled along; and I had observed that my father's house was towards the rising of the sun. I therefore determined to seize the first opportunity of making my escape, and to shape my course for that quarter; for I was quite oppressed and weighed down by grief after my mother and friends; and my love of liberty, ever great, was strengthened by the mortifying circumstance of not daring to eat with the free-bom children, although I was mostly their companion.

36. Alexa Web Search - Subjects > Arts > ... > American > Early > Equiano, Olaudah equiano, olaudah Subjects Arts American Early equiano, olaudah. Site Info. Bestselling Products in equiano, olaudah. http://www.alexa.com/browse/general?catid=55397&mode=general

37. Equiano Timeline olaudah equiano Timeline. 1745 olaudah equiano born in Isseke, Nigeria. 1756 Kidnapped by Aro peoples and is sold to various masters within Africa. http://www.princeton.edu/~howarth/304.Projects/Erera/Pages/Timeline.htm

Olaudah Equiano Timeline Olaudah Equiano born in Isseke, Nigeria. Kidnapped by Aro peoples and is sold to various masters within Africa. Then endures the Middle Passage to Barbados and is sent to Virginia. Bought by British Naval Officer Michael Henry Pascal and is named Gustavus Vassa. Takes first trip to England. Serves the British navy during the Seven Years War (French and Indian War). Baptized at St. Margarets Church, London. In Savannah, hears famous evangelist George Whitefield. Equiano sold to Robert King in Montserrat. Works on trading ships between the West Indies and the mainland American colonies. Through practicing his own trade on the side, Equiano acquires enough money to buy his own freedom. Completing one last mission for his old master, Equiano is shipwrecked in the Bahamas. Sails for London. Sails to Italy and Turkey. Slave uprising on Montserrat. Granville Sharp gets the Somerset decision, declaring that slavery cannot exist in England and slaves setting foot there are free. Equiano on expedition to find an Arctic passage to India. Massachusetts slaves petition successfully for emancipation.

38. Equiano, Olaudah Logout. ISBN Title Most Popular Similar Authors. equiano, olaudah b. 1745. (olaudah equiano). Books by this Author. American captivity http://isbndb.com/d/person/equiano_olaudah.html

Home Categories Authors Series Libraries Publishers Help Data My Account Login Logout ISBN: Title: Most Popular Similar Authors Equiano, Olaudah b. 1745. (Olaudah Equiano) Books by this Author American captivity narratives American captivity narratives : selected narratives with introduction Olaudah Equiano Mary Rowlandson , and others ; edited by Gordon M. Sayre Publisher: Boston : Houghton Mifflin ISBN: 0-39598-073-9 The interesting narrative and other writings Olaudah Equiano ; edited with an introduction and notes by Vincent Carretta Publisher: New York : Penguin Books ISBN: 0-14043-485-2 The interesting narrative of the life of Olaudah Equiano, or Gustavus Vassa, the African, written by himself The interesting narrative of the life of Olaudah Equiano, or Gustavus Vassa, the African, written by himself: authoritative text, contexts, criticism Olaudah Equiano ; edited by Werner Sollors Publisher: New York : Norton ISBN: 0-39397-494-4 The kidnapped prince The kidnapped prince: the life of Olaudah Equiano by Olaudah Equiano ; adapted by Ann Cameron ; with an introduction by Henry Louis Gates, Jr

39. British Library Images Online - Item olaudah equiano Click on the image to enlarge further or add to your basket by clicking the basket icon above the record. Author equiano, olaudah. http://ibs001.colo.firstnet.net.uk/britishlibrary/controller/subjectidsearch?id=

40. A SON OF AFRICA - Resources For Teachers Madison University of Wisconsin Press 1967. equiano, olaudah; Vincent Carretta, ed., The Interesting Narrative and Other Writings, New York Penguin 1995. http://www.newsreel.org/guides/equiano.htm

ORDER TRACKING CONTACT US close home ... A Son of Africa A SON OF AFRICA Resources for Teachers Excerpts from "The Interesting Narrative of Olauda Equiano, or Gustavus Vassa the African" (London, 1789) "THEY...CARRY OFF AS MANY AS THEY CAN SEIZE" "A MULTITUDE OF BLACK PEOPLE...CHAINED TOGETHER" "DREAD AND TREMBLING" "THE STRONG ANALOGY...IN THE MANNERS...OF MY COUNTRYMEN, AND THOSE OF THE JEWS" Text and commentary prepared by Prof. Steven Mintz, University of Houston LINKS TO OTHER SITES ON SLAVE NARRATIVES Documenting the American South: The Southern Experience in the 19th Century The Spartacus Internet Encyclopedia Slave Trade search site Selected Bibliography Bontemps, Arna, ed., Great Slave Narratives . Boston: Beacon Press 1969. Curtin, Philip D., ed. Africa Remembered: Narratives by West Africans from the Era of the Slave Trade . Madison: University of Wisconsin Press 1967. Equiano, Olaudah; Vincent Carretta, ed., The Interesting Narrative and Other Writings , New York: Penguin 1995.

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