61. CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Augustus The name by which Caius julius caesar Octavianus, the first Roman emperor, in whose reign Jesus Christ was born, is usually known; born at Rome, 62 B.C.; died A.D. 14. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02107a.htm

Home Encyclopedia Summa Fathers ... A > Augustus A B C D ... Z Augustus The name by which Caius Julius Caesar Octavianus, the first Roman emperor, in whose reign Jesus Christ was born, is usually known; born at Rome, 62 B.C.; died A.D. 14. It is the title which he received from the Senate 27 B.C., in gratitude for the restoration of some privileges of which that body had been deprived. The name was afterwards assumed by all his successors. Augustus belonged to the gens Octavia and was the son of Caius Octavius, a praetor. He was the grand-nephew of (Caius) Julius Caesar, and was named in the latter's will as his principal heir. After the murder of Julius Caesar, the young Octavianus proceeded to Rome to gain possession of his inheritance. Though originally in league with the republican party, he eventually allied himself with Mark Antony. Through his own popularity, and in opposition to the will of the senate he succeeded (43 B.C.) in obtaining the consulate. In the same year he entered into a pat with Antony and Lepidus by which it was agreed that for five years they would control the affairs of Rome. This (second) Triumvirate ( tresviri reipublicae constituendae ) so apportioned the Roman dominions that Lepidus received Spain; Antony, Gaul; and Augustus, Africa, Sicily, and Sardinia. The first concerted move of the Triumvirate was to proceed against the murderers of Caesar and the party of the Senate under the leadership of Brutus and Cassius. A crushing defeat was inflicted on the latter at the battle of Philippi (42 B.C.), after which the fate of Rome rested practically in the hands of two men. Lepidus, always treated with neglect, sought to obtain Sicily for himself, but Augustus soon won over his troops, and, on his submission, sent him to Rome where he spent the rest of his life as

62. The Throne Of The Caesars: Julius Caesar julius caesar. Imperator and Dictator 61 44 BC. I came, I saw, I conquered! . julius caesar was courageous and quick-witted. He was also very good with people. http://myron.sjsu.edu/romeweb/empcont/e022.htm

Contents Previous Article Next Article Julius Caesar Imperator and Dictator 61 - 44 B. C. "I came, I saw, I conquered!" Julius Caesar's most famous accomplishments include the conquest of Gaul and the invasion of Britain. The continuous pattern of civil war that had plagued the Roman Republic continued during the time of Julius Caesar, and he was a major player in the struggles for power. He defeated his major rival Cnaeus Pompey in 48 B.C. at the Battle of Pharsalus. Because he continued to concentrate so much power in his own hands that traditionally belonged to the Senate, Caesar faced steadily growing opposition from the senators of Rome. Many of them believed that he would put an end to the Republic and that he was a threat to all that Roman traditions held dear. A band of conspirators succeeded in assassinating him in 44 B.C., but his memory remained extremely popular amongst the common people of Rome. This paved the way for his adopted relative Octavian to gain power and become the first Roman emperor. After Caesar's death, there was a curious mixed reaction amongst the Roman people. Traditionally, Romand abhorred and detested the idea of kingship, and anyone who gave the impression of supporting a monarchy or aspiring to rule as king became extremely unpopular. This is an attitude that went way back to the founding of the Republic. Since Julius Caesar was a dictator, he alienated those citizens with strong traditional republican views. On the other hand, Caesar was an extremely popular man, especially amongst the army, the people, and his veterans. It is a curious twist of Roman psychology (not altogether absent in our own society) that the people probably were glad that Caesar was safely dead but wanted to honor and grieve for their fallen hero!

63. Roman Writers, Writing And Historians: Julius Caesar As Historian Contents Previous Article - Next Article julius caesar as Historian. 100 - 44 BC. julius caesar is known not only for his hard-hitting http://myron.sjsu.edu/romeweb/WRITERS/art13.htm

Contents Previous Article Next Article Julius Caesar as Historian 100 - 44 B. C. Both the Commentaries and the Civil War are available at most bookstores in inexpensive English translations from Penguin Classics. The direct, high impact writing style used by Caesar has made his books popular reading material with schoolchildren for the last several hundred years in both original Latin and modern translations in several languages. Go to next article: Go back to previous article: Return to Roman Writers, Writing, and Historians Table of Contents Return to History and Technology Back Pages - The home page for this entire site. Navigation and Help Roman Emperors Roman Women Interesting Events ... Glossary

64. Latein Online Übersetzungen (Cicero, Caesar, Plinius, Sallust) Private Seite mit œbersetzungen zu De Bello Gallico von julius caesar und anderen Werken von Ovid, Sallust, Plinius und Cicero. http://www.stephan-ellmann.de/Latin.htm

Latein Online Übersetzungen von Cicero für das Latinum . De Bello Gallico von Julius Caesar . Erläuterungen zur Grammatik des Lateinischen . Bellum Gallicum und Der Gallische Krieg , Ovid , Pompeius , Vergil , Seneca . Besonders beliebt bei jedem Lehrer sind die Lateinischen Übersetzungen von Julius Caesar Bellum Gallicum oder De Bello Gallico . Kostenlos zum Download und nützlich für das Latinum . Caesar: De Bello Gallico Ovid: Phyramus und Thisbe Plinius I,6: Ein Jagderfolg des Plinius ... Cicero: Staatsreden "Hiermit wird Latein zum Kinderspiel:" Versandkostenfrei bestellen: "Durchstarten in Latein" Buch24.de Latein Online Übersetzungen von Cicero für das Latinum . De Bello Gallico von Julius Caesar . Erläuterungen zur Grammatik des Lateinischen . Bellum Gallicum und Der Gallische Krieg , Ovid , Pompeius , Vergil , Seneca . Besonders beliebt bei jedem Lehrer sind die Lateinischen Übersetzungen von Julius Caesar Bellum Gallicum oder De Bello Gallico . Kostenlos zum Download und nützlich für das Latinum . Latein Online Übersetzungen von Cicero für das Latinum . De Bello Gallico von Julius Caesar . Erläuterungen zur Grammatik des Lateinischen . Bellum Gallicum und Der Gallische Krieg , Ovid , Pompeius , Vergil , Seneca . Besonders beliebt bei jedem Lehrer sind die Lateinischen Übersetzungen von Julius Caesar Bellum Gallicum oder De Bello Gallico . Kostenlos zum Download und nützlich für das Latinum .

65. Julius Caesar By William Shakespeare: A Searchable Online Version At The Literat julius caesar by William Shakespeare a searchable online version. Includes author information. julius caesar. Search all of julius caesar http://www.online-literature.com/shakespeare/julius_caesar/

Home Author Index Shakespeare The Bible ... Act 5. Scene V Julius Caesar Search all of Julius Caesar The Tragedy of Julius Caesar, approx. 47 BC (an Early Tragedy) Related Links: Find quotes from Julius Caesar Find essays on Julius Caesar User Comments and Reviews: Tiffany Tragic Hero April 17th, 2003 Rating: 5.7143 I am only in 9th grade but I have just completed reading The Tragedy of Julius Caesar. I personally believe that Brutus was the true tragic hero in this play. Act I would be the exposition and Brutus would come off as loyal and having much pride. In Act II you learn that Brutus is joining the conspiracy and it is the rising action in the play. The climax comes in Act III, it is the point where things start to go wrong for our tragic hero. After Antony makes his speech to the commoners, the mob breaks loose showing how Brutus is loosing control of things. In Act IV it is the falling action. Cassius and Brutus have left Rome and are getting ready to battle Antony and Octavius. It starts to bring the play towards the end. In Act V it is the denouement or resolution. Brutus kills himself, which is the fall from power a tragic hero takes. Rate This Comment: 1 Low 10 High Anonymous Agree November 22nd, 2002

66. C. Julius Caesar - A Biography In Twelve Parts C. julius caesar. The connections between the Marius and the julius families were very close Marius was married to a sister of caesar s father. http://www.livius.org/caa-can/caesar/caesar01.html

home ancient Rome index Caesar C. Julius Caesar C aius Julius Caesar This is the first part of an article which contains a biography and tries to assess Caesar's historical significance. On overview of all articles can be found here Youth (100-82) Early career Caesar's consulship The conquest of Gaul The reconquest of Gaul The Civil Wars Domestic policy Constitutional problems Caesar's inheritance Assessment Caesar's writings Sources Marius Glyptothek Youth (100-82) When Caius Julius Caesar was born, the leading man in Rome was Caius Marius , who had saved the Roman republic several years before by defeating two Germanic tribes, the Teutones (102) and the Cimbri (101). The connections between the Marius and the Julius families were very close: Marius was married to a sister of Caesar's father. So, Caesar belonged to an influential family. His contemporaries called Marius a popularis . It is unclear what this label means (for some speculations, see below ), but modern historians tend to believe that it means that Marius tried to reach his political aims through the People's Assembly. The opposite group, the optimates , played the political game in the Senate.

67. Julius Caesar - Kleintierpraxis In Winterthur Tier¤rztin Dr. med. vet. Jacqueline Haener behandelt Haustiere wie Hunde, Katzen und Nager. Bilder der Praxis und von Patienten sowie Links. http://www.julius-caesar.ch/

Willkommen Sprechstunden Kontakt Wegbeschreibung Werfen Sie einen Blick hinter die Kulissen und Sie erhalten einen ersten Eindruck, was Sie bei einem Besuch mit Ihrem Kleintier wie Hund, Katze oder Nager bei uns erwartet. Auf dieser Webseite finden Sie sowohl unsere als auch eine Wegbeschreibung , mit der Sie uns einfach und schnell finden. Dr. Jacqueline Haener

68. C. Julius Caesar - A Biography In Twelve Parts home ancient Rome index article by Jona Lendering ©. C. julius caesar. Caius julius caesar (July 13, 100 March 15, 44 BCE http://www.livius.org/caa-can/caesar/caesar00.html

home ancient Rome index C. Julius Caesar Caius Julius Caesar On this part of the Livius-website, you can find a biography in twelve parts and twenty-four translated texts. (this article received an award) It can not be decided whether it was better for the commonwealth for Caesar to be born, or never to be born. Livy, fr Caesar Rijksmuseum van Oudheden , Leiden) Overview of all articles Youth Plutarch on Caesar and the pirates Early career Plutarch on Caesar's governorship of Andalusia ... Caesar's legions Related subjects Ambiorix Marcus Junius Brutus Legions Part one ... index

69. CNN.com - Estrada Compared To Marcos And Julius Caesar As Trial Begins - Decembe CNN http://cnn.com/2000/ASIANOW/southeast/12/07/estrada.trial.03/index.html

asianow Editions myCNN Video ... Feedback CNN Sites CNN CNN Europe CNNfn CNNSI myCNN CNNfyi AllPolitics Languages Search AsiaNow TIME Only Asiaweek Only CNN.com CNNSI.com CNNfn.com The Web ASIANOW TOP STORIES Faith, madness, magic mix at sacred Hindu festival MORE TOP STORIES Tanker spills remaining fuel near Galapagos as captain detained Final two Texas fugitives make first court appearance Gore accepts visiting professor post at Columbia Lott calls Justice Department 'cesspool,' Ashcroft foes 'extremists' ... MORE MARKETS 4:30pm ET, 4/16 DJIA NAS SPORTS Jordan says farewell for the third time ... LOCAL EDITIONS: CNN.com Europe change default edition MULTIMEDIA: video video archive audio multimedia showcase ... more services E-MAIL: Subscribe to one of our news e-mail lists Enter your address: DISCUSSION: chat feedback CNN WEB SITES: CNNfyi.com CNN.com Europe AsiaNow Spanish ... Korean Headlines TIME INC. SITES: Go To ... Time.com People Money Fortune EW CNN NETWORKS: CNN anchors transcripts Turner distribution SITE INFO: help contents search ad info ... jobs WEB SERVICES: Estrada compared to Marcos and Julius Caesar as trial begins WEB EXCLUSIVE Maria Ressa says Filipinos divided over impeachment Philippines president faces impeachment on corruption charges In this story: Opponents push for resignation Charges come from former provincial governor RELATED STORIES, SITES

70. History Of The Hellenistic And Roman World : Biographies : Gaius Julius Caesar ( A comprehensive biography on all aspects of the life of julius caesar. http://www.fenrir.dk/history/bios/caesar/

Imperium History Forum About ... Bios Julius Caesar Youth Politics Gaul Insurrection ... Reading Gaius Julius Caesar Why, man, he doth bestride the narrow world Like a Colossus, and we petty men Walk under his huge legs and peep about To find ourselves dishonourable graves. The Tragedy of Julius Caesar William Shakespeare

71. Julius Caesar Scaliger Information drawn from various encyclopedias about this Renaissance polemicist. http://www.geocities.com/Paris/Palais/1067/scaliger.html

Julius Caesar Scaliger (1484-1558) [From Columbia Encyclopedia ] Italian philologist and physician in France. Renouncing a military career because of bad health, Scaliger studied medicine and in 1525 went as physician to Agen, where he was naturalized as a French citizen. He quarreled with Erasmus and Cardan, denouncing the former as a parasite and proofreader. In his De causis linguae Latinae (1540) he analyzed Cicero's style and pointed out over 600 errors of his humanist predecessors. He wrote commentaries on the medical and botanical writings of Hippocrates, Theophrastus and Aristotle, and urged an improved classification of plants according to their unique characteristics. His famous ars poetica used Plato and Aristotle and added the rule of unity of place in the drama. Scaliger admired Seneca, whom he did not consider surpassed by any Greek tragic writers. Addenda He was the father of Joseph Justus Scaliger (1540-1609). For further study: The history of the Della Scala family of Verona Scaliger also spelled SCALIGERI (b. April 23, 1484, Riva, Republic of Venice [Italy]d. Oct. 21, 1558, Agen, Fr.), French classical scholar of Italian descent who worked in botany, zoology, grammar, and literary criticism. He claimed to be a descendant of the Della Scala family, whose Latinized name was Scaligerus and who had ruled the Italian city of Verona during the two preceding centuries. Scaliger became known as a scholar through two virulent orations in 1531 and 1536 against the Ciceronianus of Erasmus, written in vigorous and trenchant Latin. The views on Ciceronianism with which Scaliger countered Erasmus, however, are considered narrow and shortsighted; Scaliger largely misunderstood the purpose of Erasmus' ridicule of the stylistic excesses of contemporary Ciceronians.

72. Gaius Julius Caesar - Biografie Rasscass Translate this page Gaius julius caesar. Der antike Feldherr und Diktator trug wesentlich zur Konsolidierung der altrömischen Herrschaft über Europa bei. Nachname julius caesar, http://www.rasscass.com/templ/te_bio.php?PID=1082&RID=1

73. ClassicNotes: Julius Caesar Summary and analysis of the play .Includes a biography and links. http://www.gradesaver.com/ClassicNotes/Titles/julius_caesar.html

Member login: Username Password Cancel Membership Tell a Friend! Enter e-mail address: Search GradeSaver dictionary thesaurus Hosted by pair Networks ClassicNote on The Tragedy of Julius Caesar About the Author About Shakespearean Theater Background on the Play Short Summary ... Advertise With Us

74. Octavian To Augustus: Images Coin images and other objets d'art reflecting Roman history from julius caesar through the Triumvirates to Augustus caesar. Images, scant text. http://www.sas.upenn.edu/~ekondrat/Octavian3.html

From Octavian to Augustus: Images Illustrating His Rise to Power During the decades leading up to Julius Caesar's dictatorship, Roman coinage took on an increasingly personal character, displaying designs with a clear propagandistic message promoting the family or the political favorites of the moneyer who struck the coins for that year. Types commemorated victories, beneficent legislation, famous ancestors, and the like. The trend reached an extreme in early 44 BC when Caesar, stockpiling money to pay for his imminent Parthian campaign, had coins struck with his own portrait, a first for the official coinage of Rome (the images of living Romans had appeared on coins at the periphery of the empire as early as ca. 196 BC, but never on Rome's official state issues). This move was counted as one among many which showed Caesar's tendency towards monarchical behavior and which resulted in his assassination. Far from removing this problem of self-aggrandizement on coinage, however, Caesar's death left the field open for a wide array of would-be rulers who copied the trend to promote themselves, first among the soldiers who supported their causes (for pay and rewards of booty), secondly among the rest of the populace. Thus, we have today a most interesting numismatic documentation of portraits and propagandistic messages of the men who struggled for power in the political vacuum left by Caesar's sudden departure; more to the point, we also can trace the rise to power of Octavian, who ultimately became Rome's first Emperor, known otherwise as Augustus. These are presented below.

75. Julius Caesar (play) - Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia More results from en.wikipedia.org BBC History - julius caesar (100 - 44 BC)Gaius julius caesar was a politician and general of the late Roman republic, who greatly extended the Roman empire before seizing power and making himself http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julius_Caesar_(play)

Main Page Recent changes Edit this page Page history ... Printable version Not logged in Log in Help Other languages: Deutsch Julius Caesar (play) From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Julius Caesar is a tragedy by William Shakespeare . It portrays the conspiracy against the Roman dictator, Julius Caesar , his assassination and its aftermath. Caesar is not the central character in the action of the play, the main protagonists being Brutus Mark Antony and Cassius , but his spirit pervades the entire play despite being killed at the start of the third Act. The Plot Brutus is Caesar's close friend and a man of honour , who allows himself to be cajoled into joining a group of conspirators because of a growing suspicion implanted by Cassius that Caesar intends to turn Rome into a monarchy under his own rule. Cassius, though not a villain, is motivated largely by envy The early scenes deal mainly with Brutus's arguments with Cassius and his struggle with his own conscience . After Caesar's death, however, another character appears on the scene, in the form of Caesar's devotee, Mark Antony , who, by a rousing speech over the corpse the much-quoted Friends, Romans, countrymen, lend me your ears...

76. Caesar's Commentaries On The Gallic And Civil Wars julius caesar's accounts of the Gallic and civil wars extensive text file 58-47BC. http://etext.lib.virginia.edu/etcbin/browse-mixed-new?id=CaeComm&tag=public&

77. Rome: Julius Caesar The tenth chapter of the learning module, Rome; this chapter is a short history of the life and history of julius caesar as well as his relationship to Roman http://www.wsu.edu:8000/~dee/ROME/JULIUS.HTM

dictator for ten years; he was given imperium over the Roman Empire and was, for all practical purposes, above the law and the constitution. Two years later he was appointed dictator for life, and he quickly assumed all the important offices in the government. He reformed the government in many ways, but these reforms were functionally meaningless considering his absolute power. Caesar's absolute power, imperium for life (which made him imperator , or Emperor, of Rome), looked suspiciously like a monarchy, which, for all practical purposes, it was. The Romans, proud of their Republican tradition, deeply resented his power, and in 44 BC, on the Ides of March (March 15), a group of conspirators, led by Gaius Cassius Longinus and Marcus Junius Brutus, assassinated Caesar as he entered the Senate in his usual manner: with no bodyguards or protection. Richard Hooker Roman History The Land and People The Etruscans The Roman Kingdom The Roman Republic The Conquest of Italy The Punic Wars The Conquest of the Hellenistic Empires The Republican Crisis Julius Caesar Augustus Imperial Rome, 14-180 AD

78. The Roman Empire Hippodrome, Theatre, Entertainment, Politics, Emperors, julius caesar http://ireland.iol.ie/~coolmine/typ/romans/intro.html

Welcome to the Romans page. On this page you can explore all the different aspects of the Romans. You can discover their way of life by selecting any of the following Hippodrome The Roman Empire Roman Army Roman Baths ... Back to TYP Page

79. Gaius Julius Caesar Javabased interview with julius caesar. http://www.uoregon.edu/~mharrsch/caesar/

I appreciate history from all historical periods but I have always been especially interested in ancient Mediterranean cultures. Although I am fascinated by ancient Egypt, I became totally entranced by ancient Rome after reading the "Masters of Rome" series of novels by Colleen McCullough and in particular the life of Julius Caesar. McCullough's novels, " The First Man In Rome ", " The Grass Crown ", " Fortune's Favorites ", " Caesar's Women ", and " Caesar ", made this complex personality come to life. He was not the cold and calculating tyrannical conqueror often depicted by various historians apparently with their own political axes to grind. He was a tender lover, a skilled orator and advocate, a talented poet and historian, a consumate politician, and a man with integrity as well as cunning.and military genius. Because of my admiration for him, I decided to use my skills as a computer systems designer to resurrect Caesar by way of an artificial intelligence program developed by Artificial-Life, Inc

80. Julius Caesar Scaliger - Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia Entry incorporating material from the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica. http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julius_Caesar_Scaliger

Main Page Recent changes Edit this page Page history ... Printable version Not logged in Log in Help Julius Caesar Scaliger From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Julius Caesar Scaliger humanist scholar. So distinguished by his learning and talents that, according to A de Thou , no one of the ancients could be placed above him and the age in which he lived could not show his equal, was, according to his own account, a scion of the house of La Scala, for a hundred and fifty years princes of Verona, and was born in 1484 at the castle of La Rocca on the Lago de Garda When he was twelve, his kinsman the emperor Maximilian placed him among his pages. He remained for seventeen years in the service of the emperor, distinguishing himself as a soldier and as a captain. But he was unmindful neither of letters, in which he had the most eminent scholars of the day as his instructors, nor of art, which he studied with considerable success under In at the battle of Ravenna , where his father and elder brother were killed, he displayed prodigies of valour, and received the highest honours of chivalry from his imperial cousin, who conferred upon him with his own hands the spurs, the collar and the eagle of gold. But this was the only reward he obtained. He left the service of Maximilian, and after a brief employment by another kinsman, the duke of Ferrara, he decided to quit the military life, and in

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