1. Science And Human Values - Aristotle Article by Prof. Fred L. Wilson of the Rochester Institute of Technology on aristotle's impact on the History and Philosophy of Science http://www.rit.edu/~flwstv/aristotle1.html

Prof. Fred L. Wilson Rochester Institute of Technology Science and Human Values Aristotle Overview of Aristotle Of the two great philosophers of Greece, Plato and Aristotle, the latter was the one who relied on observation. Raphael's The School of Athens shows the two great philosophers in the center of the painting, surrounded by the other great Greeks, with Plato holding his hand upright as if to indicate, "Look to the perfecti on of the heavens for truth," while Aristotle holds his arm straight out, implying "look around you at what is if you would know the truth." We shall look deeper in Aristotle's ideas below. Aristotle was born in Stagira (in northern Greece), 384 B.C. He died in Chalcis (on the Aegean island of Euboea, now Ewoia), 322 B.C. Inland from Stagira was the semi-Greek kingdom of Macedon, with which Aristotle's family was closely connected. Aristotle's father, for instance, had been court physician to the Macedonian king Amyntas II. Aristotle lost both parents while a child and was brought up by a friend of the family. He is supposed to have spoken with a lisp and to have been something of a dandy. At the age of seventeen Aristotle traveled to Athens for a college education and after Plato returned from Syracuse, the young man joined Plato's Academy, where he studied assiduously. Eventually he was to become by far the most renowned of all the pupils of Plato. Plato called him "the intelligence of the school."

2. Aristotle University Of Thessaloniki Help! Webmaster. aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR 541 24 Thessaloniki. Copyright © 19952004 Network Operation Center Website partly funded by EU, http://www.auth.gr/

Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR 541 24 Thessaloniki Network Operation Center Website partly funded by E.U.

3. Aristotle -- Overview [Internet Encyclopedia Of Philosophy] Biography and analysis. http://www.utm.edu/research/iep/a/aristotl.htm

Aristotle (384-322 BCE.) Overview Table of Contents (Clicking on the links below will take you to that part of this article) Life Writings Logic Metaphysics ... Art Life Upon the death of Philip, Alexander succeeded to the kingship and prepared for his subsequent conquests. Aristotle's work being finished, he returned to Athens, which he had not visited since the death of Plato. He found the Platonic school flourishing under Xenocrates, and Platonism the dominant philosophy of Athens. He thus set up his own school at a place called the Lyceum. When teaching at the Lyceum, Aristotle had a habit of walking about as he discoursed. It was in connection with this that his followers became known in later years as the peripatetics , meaning "to walk about." For the next thirteen years he devoted his energies to his teaching and composing his philosophical treatises. He is said to have given two kinds of lectures: the more detailed discussions in the morning for an inner circle of advanced students, and the popular discourses in the evening for the general body of lovers of knowledge. At the sudden death of Alexander in 323 BCE., the pro-Macedonian government in Athens was overthrown, and a general reaction occurred against anything Macedonian. A charge of impiety was trumped up against him. To escape prosecution he fled to Chalcis in Euboea so that (Aristotle says) "The Athenians might not have another opportunity of sinning against philosophy as they had already done in the person of Socrates." In the first year of his residence at Chalcis he complained of a stomach illness and died in 322 BCE.

4. Aristotle aristotle (384322 BCE). aristotle was born in Stagira in north Greece, the son of Nichomachus, the court physician to the Macedonian royal family. http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/history/aristotle.html

Aristotle (384-322 B.C.E.) Mine is the first step and therefore a small one, though worked out with much thought and hard labor. You, my readers or hearers of my lectures, if you think I have done as much as can fairly be expected of an initial start. . . will acknowledge what I have achieved and will pardon what I have left for others to accomplish. Aristotle was born in Stagira in north Greece, the son of Nichomachus, the court physician to the Macedonian royal family. He was trained first in medicine, and then in 367 he was sent to Athens to study philosophy with Plato. He stayed at Plato's Academy until about 347 the picture at the top of this page, taken from Raphael's fresco The School of Athens , shows Aristotle and Plato (Aristotle is on the. right). Though a brilliant pupil, Aristotle opposed some of Plato's teachings, and when Plato died, Aristotle was not appointed head of the Academy. After leaving Athens, Aristotle spent some time traveling, and possibly studying biology, in Asia Minor (now Turkey) and its islands. He returned to Macedonia in 338 to tutor Alexander the Great; after Alexander conquered Athens, Aristotle returned to Athens and set up a school of his own, known as the Lyceum. After Alexander's death, Athens rebelled against Macedonian rule, and Aristotle's political situation became precarious. To avoid being put to death, he fled to the island of Euboea, where he died soon after. Aristotle is said to have written 150 philosophical treatises. The 30 that survive touch on an enormous range of philosophical problems, from biology and physics to morals to aesthetics to politics. Many, however, are thought to be "lecture notes" instead of complete, polished treatises, and a few may not be the work of Aristotle but of members of his school.

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6. Aristotle A brief discussion of the life and works of aristotle, with links to electronic texts and additional information. aristotle (384322 BCE). http://www.philosophypages.com/ph/aris.htm

Philosophy Pages F A Q Dictionary ... Locke Aristotle 384-322 BCE Life and Works Logic Demonstration ... Internet Sources Born at Stagira in northern Greece, Aristotle was the most notable product of the educational program devised by Plato ; he spent twenty years of his life studying at the Academy. When Plato died, Aristotle returned to his native Macedonia, where he is supposed to have participated in the education of Philip's son, Alexander (the Great). He came back to Athens with Alexander's approval in 335 and established his own school at the Lyceum, spending most of the rest of his life engaged there in research, teaching, and writing. His students acquired the name "peripatetics" from the master's habit of strolling about as he taught. Although the surviving works of Aristotle probably represent only a fragment of the whole, they include his investigations of an amazing range of subjects, from logic philosophy , and ethics to physics, biology, psychology, politics , and rhetoric. Aristotle appears to have thought through his views as he wrote, returning to significant issues at different stages of his own development. The result is less a consistent system of thought than a complex record of Aristotle's thinking about many significant issues. The aim of Aristotle's logical treatises (known collectively as the Organon ) was to develop a universal method of reasoning by means of which it would be possible to learn everything there is to know about reality. Thus, the

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8. The Internet Classics Archive | Works By Aristotle List of works by aristotle, part of the Internet Classics Archive CDROMs. Help. Works by aristotle. The Athenian Constitution http://classics.mit.edu/Browse/browse-Aristotle.html

Home Search Buy Books and CD-ROMs ... Help Works by Aristotle The Athenian Constitution Written 350 B.C.E Translated by Sir Frederic G. Kenyon Read discussion : 10 comments Categories Written 350 B.C.E Translated by E. M. Edghill Read discussion : 22 comments On Dreams Written 350 B.C.E Translated by J. I. Beare Read discussion : 20 comments On the Gait of Animals Written 350 B.C.E Translated by A. S. L. Farquharson Read discussion : 1 comment On Generation and Corruption Written 350 B.C.E Translated by H. H. Joachim Read discussion : 3 comments On the Heavens Written 350 B.C.E Translated by J. L. Stocks Read discussion : 10 comments The History of Animals Written 350 B.C.E Translated by D'Arcy Wentworth Thompson Read discussion : 3 comments On Interpretation Written 350 B.C.E Translated by E. M. Edghill Read discussion : 2 comments On Longevity and Shortness of Life Written 350 B.C.E Translated by G. R. T. Ross Read discussion : 1 comment On Memory and Reminiscence Written 350 B.C.E Translated by J. I. Beare Read discussion : 1 comment Metaphysics Written 350 B.C.E

9. Aristotle's Political Philosophy Page Check out the NEW Hotbot. Tell me when this page is updated. Home. aristotle on EText. The Politics. The Ethics. Other. Had Influence On. General. Reviews. My aristotle Book!! My aristotle Work. Various Groups on aristotle's Politics aristotle is the younger man in this Picture, whereas the older gentleman is his Teacher and Friend, Plato. aristotle is said to have said that although http://members.tripod.com/~batesca/aristotle.html

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10. Aristotle's Political Theory By Fred D. Miller, Jr of Bowling Green State University. http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/aristotle-politics/

version history HOW TO CITE THIS ENTRY Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy A B C D ... Z This document uses XHTML-1/Unicode to format the display. Older browsers and/or operating systems may not display the formatting correctly. last substantive content change JUL Aristotle's Political Theory Aristotle (b. 384 - d. 322 BC), was a Greek philosopher, logician, and scientist. Along with his teacher Plato, Aristotle is generally regarded as one of the most influential ancient thinkers in a number of philosophical fields, including political theory. Aristotle was born in Stagira in northern Greece, and his father was a court physician to the king of Macedon. As a young man he studied in Plato's Academy in Athens. After Plato's death he left Athens to conduct philosophical and biological research in Asia Minor and Lesbos, and he was then invited by King Philip II of Macedon to tutor his young son, Alexander the Great. Soon after Alexander succeeded his father, consolidated the conquest of the Greek city-states, and launched the invasion of the Persian Empire. Aristotle returned as a resident alien to Athens, and was close friend of Antipater the Macedonian viceroy. At this time (335-323 BC) he wrote or at least completed some of his major treatises, including the Politics . When Alexander died suddenly, Aristotle had to flee from Athens because of his Macedonian connections, and he died soon after. Aristotle's life seems to have influenced his political thought in various ways: his interest in biology seems to be expressed in the naturalism of his politics; his interest in comparative politics and his sympathies for democracy as well as monarchy may have been encouraged by his travels and experience of diverse political systems; he criticizes harshly, while borrowing extensively, from Plato's

11. Project Aristotle(sm): Automated Categorization Of Web Resources Project aristotle(sm) Automated Categorization of Web Resources. Scout Report Selection July 26, 1999. http//www.public.iastate.edu/~CYBERSTACKS/aristotle.htm. http://www.public.iastate.edu/~CYBERSTACKS/Aristotle.htm

Project Aristotle (sm): Automated Categorization of Web Resources Users are seeking guidance and organization in a chaotic, dynamic information framework ." David Eichmann, Ethical Web Agents PROJECTS, RESEARCH, PRODUCTS and SERVICES Project Name People Helping One Another Know Stuff (PHOAKS) Principal Investigators Will Hill (willhill@research.att.com) Loren Terveen (terveen@research.att.com) Project Summary PHOAKS reads messages posted to thousands of USENET newsgroups and tallies and summarizes Web resource recommendations that appear in those messages. Its index method mimics exactly the hierarchical structure of Netnews. After each index name, the number of Web resources encountered by PHOAKS is indicated. PHOAKS "can automatically recognize recommendations with at least 90% accuracy". Demonstration or Prototype Access http://www.phoaks.com//index.html References HILL, W. and TERVEEN, L. Using frequency-of-mention in public conversations for social filtering . Paper prepared for Cooperating Communities, the 1996 Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work , November 16-20, 1996, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

12. Aristotle's Logic last substantive content change OCT 5 2000. aristotle s Logic. aristotle s themselves. §2 aristotle s Logical Works The Organon. http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/aristotle-logic/

version history HOW TO CITE THIS ENTRY Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy A B C D ... Z This document uses XHTML-1/Unicode to format the display. Older browsers and/or operating systems may not display the formatting correctly. last substantive content change OCT Aristotle's Logic Aristotle's logic, especially his theory of the syllogism, has had an unparalleled influence on the history of Western thought. It did not always hold this position: in the Hellenistic period, Stoic logic, and in particular the work of Chrysippus, was much more celebrated. However, in later antiquity, following the work of Aristotelian Commentators, Aristotle's logic became dominant, and Aristotelian logic was what was transmitted to the Arabic and the Latin medieval traditions, while the works of Chrysippus have not survived. This unique historical position has not always contributed to the understanding of Aristotle's logical works. Kant thought that Aristotle had discovered everything there was to know about logic, and the historian of logic Prantl drew the corollary that any logician after Aristotle who said anything new was confused, stupid, or perverse. During the rise of modern formal logic following Frege and Peirce, adherents of Traditional Logic (seen as the descendant of Aristotelian Logic) and the new mathematical logic tended to see one another as rivals, with incompatible notions of logic. More recent scholarship has often applied the very techniques of mathematical logic to Aristotle's theories, revealing (in the opinion of many) a number of similarities of approach and interest between Aristotle and modern logicians.

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14. Aristotle Biography of aristotle (384BC322BC) aristotle. Born 384 BC in Stagirus, Macedonia, Greece aristotle was not primarily a mathematician but made important contributions by systematising deductive logic http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Aristotle.html

Aristotle Born: 384 BC in Stagirus, Macedonia, Greece Died: 322 BC in Chalcis, Euboea, Greece Click the picture above to see six larger pictures Show birthplace location Previous (Chronologically) Next Biographies Index Previous (Alphabetically) Next Main index Aristotle was not primarily a mathematician but made important contributions by systematising deductive logic. He wrote on physical subjects: some parts of his Analytica posteriora show an unusual grasp of the mathematical method. Primarily, however, he is important in the development of all knowledge for, as the authors of [2] write:- Aristotle, more than any other thinker, determined the orientation and the content of Western intellectual history. He was the author of a philosophical and scientific system that through the centuries became the support and vehicle for both medieval Christian and Islamic scholastic thought: until the end of the 17 th century, Western culture was Aristotelian. And, even after the intellectual revolutions of centuries to follow, Aristotelian concepts and ideas remained embedded in Western thinking. Aristotle was born in Stagirus, or Stagira, or Stageirus, on the Chalcidic peninsula of northern Greece. His father was Nicomachus, a medical doctor, while his mother was named Phaestis. Nicomachus was certainly living in Chalcidice when Aristotle was born and he had probably been born in that region. Aristotle's mother, Phaestis, came from Chalcis in Euboea and her family owned property there.

15. Aristotle aristotle. Born aristotle was not primarily a mathematician but made important contributions by systematising deductive logic. He http://www-gap.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Aristotle.html

Aristotle Born: 384 BC in Stagirus, Macedonia, Greece Died: 322 BC in Chalcis, Euboea, Greece Click the picture above to see six larger pictures Show birthplace location Previous (Chronologically) Next Biographies Index Previous (Alphabetically) Next Main index Aristotle was not primarily a mathematician but made important contributions by systematising deductive logic. He wrote on physical subjects: some parts of his Analytica posteriora show an unusual grasp of the mathematical method. Primarily, however, he is important in the development of all knowledge for, as the authors of [2] write:- Aristotle, more than any other thinker, determined the orientation and the content of Western intellectual history. He was the author of a philosophical and scientific system that through the centuries became the support and vehicle for both medieval Christian and Islamic scholastic thought: until the end of the 17 th century, Western culture was Aristotelian. And, even after the intellectual revolutions of centuries to follow, Aristotelian concepts and ideas remained embedded in Western thinking. Aristotle was born in Stagirus, or Stagira, or Stageirus, on the Chalcidic peninsula of northern Greece. His father was Nicomachus, a medical doctor, while his mother was named Phaestis. Nicomachus was certainly living in Chalcidice when Aristotle was born and he had probably been born in that region. Aristotle's mother, Phaestis, came from Chalcis in Euboea and her family owned property there.

16. Guardian Unlimited Politics | Aristotle Searchable database of MPs, ministers, election candidates, constituency map and parliamentary activity. Includes biographies, jobs and committees, voting records and contact information. http://politics.guardian.co.uk/aristotle/

@import url(/external/styles/global/0,14250,,00.css); Sign in Register Go to: Guardian Unlimited home UK news World news Archive search Arts Books Business EducationGuardian.co.uk Film Football Jobs Life MediaGuardian.co.uk Money The Observer Online Politics Shopping SocietyGuardian.co.uk Sport Talk Travel Audio Email services Special reports The Guardian The weblog The informer The northerner The wrap Advertising guide Crossword Dating Headline service Syndication services Events / offers Help / contacts Information Living our values Newsroom Reader Offers Style guide Travel offers TV listings Weather Web guides Working at GNL Guardian Weekly Money Observer Home Ask Aristotle Whitehall Parliament ... This week Ask Aristotle Find out about your MP Enter postcode or place: Enter person: How to use Aristotle Archive search Advanced search Ask Aristotle Constituency map MPs by party Help Ask Aristotle about British politics Ask Aristotle is Guardian Unlimited's unique political database. Open to all and free to use it is packed with information about MPs, ministers, election candidates and parliamentary activity. How do I find out about an MP?

17. Aristotle -- Overview [Internet Encyclopedia Of Philosophy] The Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy. aristotle (384322 BCE.) Overview. Table of Life. aristotle was born in 384 BCE. at Stagirus http://www.iep.utm.edu/a/aristotl.htm

Aristotle (384-322 BCE.) Overview Table of Contents (Clicking on the links below will take you to that part of this article) Life Writings Logic Metaphysics ... Art Life Upon the death of Philip, Alexander succeeded to the kingship and prepared for his subsequent conquests. Aristotle's work being finished, he returned to Athens, which he had not visited since the death of Plato. He found the Platonic school flourishing under Xenocrates, and Platonism the dominant philosophy of Athens. He thus set up his own school at a place called the Lyceum. When teaching at the Lyceum, Aristotle had a habit of walking about as he discoursed. It was in connection with this that his followers became known in later years as the peripatetics , meaning "to walk about." For the next thirteen years he devoted his energies to his teaching and composing his philosophical treatises. He is said to have given two kinds of lectures: the more detailed discussions in the morning for an inner circle of advanced students, and the popular discourses in the evening for the general body of lovers of knowledge. At the sudden death of Alexander in 323 BCE., the pro-Macedonian government in Athens was overthrown, and a general reaction occurred against anything Macedonian. A charge of impiety was trumped up against him. To escape prosecution he fled to Chalcis in Euboea so that (Aristotle says) "The Athenians might not have another opportunity of sinning against philosophy as they had already done in the person of Socrates." In the first year of his residence at Chalcis he complained of a stomach illness and died in 322 BCE.

18. Guardian Unlimited Politics | Aristotle | Labour MPs A-K Profiles of individual Labour MPs, listed alphabetically, includes biographies, voting record and electoral history. http://politics.guardian.co.uk/person/browse/party/mps/0,9369,-145,00.html

@import url(http://www.guardian.co.uk/external/globalcss/0,,,00.css); Sign in Register Go to: Guardian Unlimited home UK news World news Archive search Arts Books Business EducationGuardian.co.uk Film Football Jobs Life MediaGuardian.co.uk Money The Observer Online Politics Shopping SocietyGuardian.co.uk Sport Talk Travel Audio Email services Special reports The Guardian The weblog The informer The northerner The wrap Advertising guide Crossword Dating Headline service Syndication services Events / offers Help / contacts Information Living our values Newsroom Reader Offers Style guide Travel offers TV listings Weather Web guides Working at GNL Guardian Weekly Money Observer Home Ask Aristotle Whitehall Parliament ... This week Ask Aristotle Find out about your MP Enter postcode or place: Enter person: How to use Aristotle Archive search Advanced search People MPs A-K L-R S-Z Labour Party A Abbott, Diane Adams, Irene Ainger, Nicholas Ainsworth, Robert ... Austin, John B Bailey, Adrian Baird, Vera Banks, Tony Barnes, Harry ... Byers, Stephen C Caborn, Richard Cairns, David Campbell, Alan Campbell, Anne ... Curtis-Thomas, Claire D Dalyell, Tam

19. Aristotle -- Ethics [Internet Encyclopedia Of Philosophy] The Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy. aristotle (384322 BCE.) Ethics. Descartes Meditations? Mind-body problem. aristotle s Ethics? Habit. http://www.iep.utm.edu/a/aris-eth.htm

Aristotle (384-322 BCE.) Ethics Three words that loom large over any understanding of the Nicomachean Ethics are habit the mean , and noble . The first is too often given a misplaced and exaggerated emphasis, the second is hard to get a good sense of, and the third is not really there at all. This essay will be an attempt to get a few things straight about these words, which when misunderstood can lead us far away from Aristotle's intentions, but might, if brought into some clarity, give us a chance to uncover those intentions. Table of Contents (Clicking on the links below will take you to that part of this article) Habit The Mean Noble Habit In many discussions, the word habit is attached to the Ethics as though it were the answer to a multiple-choice question on a philosophy achievement test. Hobbes' Leviathan ? Self-preservation. Descartes' Meditations ? Mind-body problem. Aristotle's Ethics ? Habit. A faculty seminar I attended a few years ago was mired in the opinion that Aristotle thinks the good life is one of mindless routine. More recently, I heard a lecture in which some very good things were said about Aristotle's discussion of choice, yet the speaker still criticized him for praising habit when so much that is important in life depends on openness and spontaneity. Can it really be that Aristotle thought life is lived best when thinking and choosing are eliminated? On its face this belief makes no sense. It is partly a confusion between an effect and one of its causes. Aristotle says that, for the way our lives turn out, "it makes no small difference to be habituated this way or that way straight from childhood, but an enormous difference, or rather

20. Island Of Freedom - Aristotle aristotle. 384322 BC. aristotle developed his great observational talents. For twenty years he was a member of Plato s Acadamy as a student and teacher. http://www.island-of-freedom.com/ARISTOT.HTM

Aristotle 384-322 B.C. Literature on Aristotle and Virtue Ethics On-line Works by Aristotle Aristotle was born in Stagira in northern Greece in 384 B.C. His father, Nicomachus, was a physician, under whose influence Aristotle developed his great observational talents. For twenty years he was a member of Plato's Acadamy as a student and teacher. When Plato died in 347 BC, Aristotle moved to Assos, a city in Asia Minor, where a friend of his, Hermias, was ruler. There he counseled Hermias and married his niece and adopted daughter, Pythias. After Hermias was captured and executed by the Persians in 345 BC, Aristotle went to Pella, the Macedonian capital, where he became the tutor of the king's young son Alexander, later known as Alexander the Great. In 335, when Alexander became king, Aristotle returned to Athens and established his own school, the Lyceum. Because much of the discussion in his school took place while teachers and students were walking about the Lyceum grounds, Aristotle's school came to be known as the Peripatetic ("walking" or "strolling") school. Upon the death of Alexander in 323 B.C., strong anti-Macedonian feeling developed in Athens, and Aristotle retired to a family estate in Euboea. He died there the following year. The early writings of Aristotle were intended for the general public, some written in dialogue form, with a largely Platonic outlook. Very few of these writings survived; the works that we read are his systematic treatises which were intended for serious students. They are basically lecture notes which have been edited several times over several generations, which makes the chronology of his writings very complicated. His approach to philosophy is systematic yet not dogmatic; he constantly questioned his conclusions and found difficulties, and it is in this constant analysis and acute argument that he gained his reputation as one of the most influential philosophers in Western thought.

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