21. Aeschylus - History For Kids! Greek Literature. aeschylus. aeschylus (ESSkill-us) is the earliest playwright whose plays survive today, though plays a little earlier. aeschylus lived in Athens in the late 500's http://www.historyforkids.org/learn/greeks/literature/aeschylus.htm

China India West Asia Greece ... Religion The Web Just H4K H4K Lesson Plans for Teachers Parents' Corner H4K Crafts and Projects Greek Literature Aeschylus Aeschylus (ESS-kill-us) is the earliest playwright whose plays survive today, though there were Greek men writing plays a little earlier. Aeschylus lived in Athens in the late 500's and early 400's BC , so he saw the birth of Athenian democracy under Cleisthenes. He fought in the battle of Marathon. Aeschylus lived at the same time as Sophocles , though Sophocles was a bit younger. Aeschylus wrote tragedies about the difficult choices men have to make, and what happens as a result. His most famous plays are the three plays Agamemnon , the Libation Bearers , and the Eumenides When Aeschylus died, his tombstone did not even mention his plays. It just said "I fought at Marathon Main Greek literature page Main Greeks page Main literature page ... Send H4K mail TIMELINE: Before 10,000 BC

22. Perseus Encyclopedia www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgibin/text?lookup=encyclopedia+aeschylus More results from www.perseus.tufts.edu aeschylusaeschylus. 525 BC - 456 BC. A monument was later erected there in his memory.It was a major step for drama when aeschylus introduced the second actor. http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/encyclopedia?entry=Aeschylus

23. The Suppliants: An Introduction To The Play By Aeschylus An introduction to the play by aeschylus. http://www.theatredatabase.com/ancient/suppliants_001.html

Home Ancient Theatre Medieval Theatre 16th Century ... Email Us THE SUPPLIANTS An introduction to the play by Aeschylus T HE trilogy to which this drama belonged, like that of which " The Seven Against Thebes " formed the concluding member, was founded upon an ancient epic, by an unknown author. Of this poem little is known, except that it contained five thousand five hundred verses, and bore the title of "The Danaides." The introductory character of "The Suppliants" has been inferred from the extreme simplicity of the plot, and from other considerations; accordingly, it is now generally regarded as forming the first member of a trilogy of which the succeeding dramas were "The Egyptians," and "The Danaides," both of which have been lost. Though deficient in dramatic interest, this piece is characterized by the remarkable beauty of the choral odes, which, from their sublime simplicity, and from the high conception which they embody of Zeus, as the supreme and omnipotent ruler, remind us occasionally of the Hebrew psalms. It must be remembered, moreover, that, at the time of Aeschylus, the national legends had not yet lost their hold upon the popular belief, and accordingly mythical events, such as the arrival of the Danaides in Argos, were considered not only as having influenced the subsequent destinies of Greece, but also as having been brought about by the inscrutable counsels of Zeus; the unfolding of whose designs, through the medium of tragedy, was regarded as the highest function of the poet.

24. Aeschylus Quotes - The Quotations Page Quotations by Author. aeschylus (525 BC 456 BC) Greek tragic dramatistmore author details. In war, truth is the first casualty. aeschylus. http://www.quotationspage.com/quotes/Aeschylus/

Home / News Quotes of the Day Motivational Author Index ... Contact Us Also visit: The Literature Page Quotations by Author Aeschylus (525 BC - 456 BC) Greek tragic dramatist [more author details] Showing quotations 1 to 10 of 11 total In war, truth is the first casualty. Aeschylus It is a profitable thing, if one is wise, to seem foolish. Aeschylus Death is better, a milder fate than tyranny. Aeschylus, Agamemnon - More quotations on: Death I know how men in exile feed on dreams of hope. Aeschylus, Agamemnon - More quotations on: Dreams It is in the character of very few men to honor without envy a friend who has prospered. Aeschylus, Agamemnon - More quotations on: Jealousy Only when man's life comes to its end in prosperity can one call that man happy. Aeschylus, Agamemnon For somehow this is tyranny's disease, to trust no friends. Aeschylus, Prometheus Bound Time as he grows old teaches all things. Aeschylus, Prometheus Bound Words are the physicians of the mind diseased. Aeschylus, Prometheus Bound - More quotations on: Language Destiny waits alike for the free man as well as for him enslaved by another's might.

25. ClassicNotes: Aeschylus aeschylus. Biography of aeschylus (525456). Although no contemporarywriters or biographers provide much reliable information about http://www.gradesaver.com/ClassicNotes/Authors/about_aeschylus.html

Member login: Username Password Cancel Membership Tell a Friend! Enter e-mail address: Search GradeSaver dictionary thesaurus Hosted by pair Networks Biography of Aeschylus (525-456) Aeschylus is known to have fought with his brother for Greece against Persian invaders at Marathon in 490. It was the first successful major repulsion of the Persians by Greeks; Aeschylus was around thirty-five years old at the time. He went to war again at Salamis and Artemisium in 480 and possibly the next year at Plataea. By this time, however, his career as a dramatist was already well underway. Aeschylus is thought to have written his first plays around the year 500, for the legendary dramatic competition, the Great Dionysa, at the Festival of Dionysus in Athens, where they were performed. The competition, held in the annually in the spring, drew the most talented playwrights from around Greece for several decades. Plays were composed in trilogies, three lofty tragedies in unsequential arrangement or on a common theme, and one satyr play, or burlesque comedy. They were then judged according to high aesthetic criteria as well as the approval of the general audience. Aeschylus won his first victory in 484 and went on to win twelve more after that. In total, Aeschylus wrote approximately ninety plays, the titles of about eighty of which are known. However, only seven tragedies of the prodigious playwright's works survive. Aeschylus's innovations in the ancient dramatic form were fundamental. Chiefly, he was responsible for the introduction of a second actor. Whereas, previous to Aeschylus, plays had been more like recitations between a single actor and a chorus, the use of a second actor increased immensely the possiblities for flexible dramatic action and dialogue. He also expanded the presentation of drama by means of more elaborate costuming, stage machinery, and scenery. Majesty, profundity, and loft of language and theme are characteristic of the grand style of the so-called "Father of Tragedy."

26. The Oresteia: Introduction Summary and analysis of the dramatic trilogy by aeschylus consisting of Agamemnon, The Cho«phor¦, and The Eumenides. http://www.theatrehistory.com/ancient/bates021.html

THE ORESTEIA A summary and analysis of the dramatic trilogy by Aeschylus This document was originally published in The Drama: Its History, Literature and Influence on Civilization, vol. 1 . ed. Alfred Bates. London: Historical Publishing Company, 1906. pp. 78-104. Introduction Agamemnon Libation Bearers Eumenides Overview Introduction CLYTEMNESTRA SLAYING HER HUSBAND An original painting by A. Russell Of all the works of Aeschylus the strongest in dramatic force is the Oresteia , a series consisting of the Agamemnon , the (or Libation Bearers ) and the Eumenides , the only one of his trilogies that has come down to us. It was probably the last that he exhibited at Athens, and upon it he seems to have lavished all the splendors of his genius, that he might leave to his fellow citizens something worthy of his country and himself. Says William von Humboldt of the Agamemnon , and his remarks might be applied to the entire trilogy: "Among all the products of the Greek stage none can compare with it in tragic power; no other play shows the same intensity and pureness of belief in the divine and good; none can surpass the lessons it teaches, and the wisdom of which it is the mouthpiece."

27. The Classics Pages - Aeschylus' Agamemnon: Themes And Plot the classics pages. aeschylus agamemnon. Themes Plot. http://www.users.globalnet.co.uk/~loxias/agamemnon.htm

the classics pages aeschylus' agamemnon The Classics Pages Home What's New The Oracleof Loxias About Loxias ... Top 21 sites Entertainment Fun with Latin Words Rude Latin Classic Cars ... Why Classics? Philosophy Plato's Republic Art Greek Pottery Sculpture Greek Mythology Guide to myths Harry Potter Greek Harry Potter Greek Literature Iliad Odyssey Sappho Aeschylus ... Lucians 'True Story' Latin Literature Catullus Sulpicia Virgil Horace ... The Golden Ass Social History Women Symposium Technology Seapower - Trireme ... Oracles Archaeology Greece Sicily Education Teachers' Pages Last updated April 15 2004 On this page: discussion of the themes and plot Next Page : discussion of Agamemnon's guilt. Was he responsible for what he did and what was done to him? Does he have free will? Study the first Chorus in detail - essential to understand the religious innovations in the play. Aeschylus' Oresteia trilogy ( Agamemnon, Libation Bearers, Eumenides ) is Total Theatre using every resource open to the producer - language, metaphor, symbolism, verse, music, dance, gesture, costume, grouping, movement, scenery, visual effects, lighting. Theme Human action in its most violent and problematic aspects - lust for power and the violence that accompanies it; clash between male and female dominance; crime and punishment; emotion v. reason; tribalism v. democracy; pollution and purification. All are intensified because they occur within the family (

28. ClassicNotes: The Libation Bearers Summary and analysis of the aeschylus work written by students. Includes a biography, message board, and background information. http://www.classicnote.com/ClassicNotes/Titles/libation/

Member login: Username Password Cancel Membership Tell a Friend! Enter e-mail address: Search GradeSaver dictionary thesaurus Hosted by pair Networks Buy the book ClassicNote on The Libation Bearers About Aeschylus About the Libation Bearers Character List Major Themes ... Advertise With Us

29. MSN Encarta - Aeschylus aeschylus. How to cite this article aeschylus, Microsoft® Encarta® Online Encyclopedia2004 http//encarta.msn.com © 19972004 Microsoft Corporation. http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761555605/Aeschylus.html

MSN Home My MSN Hotmail Shopping ... Money Web Search: logoImg('http://sc.msn.com'); Encarta Subscriber Sign In Help Home ... Upgrade to Encarta Premium Search Encarta Tasks Find in this article Print Preview Send us feedback Related Items see also Poetry art based on his works more... Magazines Search the Encarta Magazine Center for magazine and news articles about this topic Further Reading Aeschylus News Search MSNBC for news about Aeschylus Internet Search Search Encarta about Aeschylus Search MSN for Web sites about Aeschylus Also on Encarta Road trip reading Special: Never stop learning Democrats vs. Republicans: What's the difference? Also on MSN Outdoor BBQ: Everything you need Quest for Columbus on Discovery Channel Switch to MSN in 3 easy steps Our Partners Capella University: Online degrees LearnitToday: Computer courses CollegeBound Network: ReadySetGo Kaplan Test Prep and Admissions Encyclopedia Article from Encarta Advertisement Aeschylus Multimedia 1 item Aeschylus bc ), Greek dramatist, the earliest of the great tragic poets of Athens. As the predecessor of Sophocles and Euripides , he is called the father of Greek tragedy. Aeschylus was born in Eleusis, near Athens.

30. Agamemnon A synopsis of the play by aeschylus. http://www.imagi-nation.com/moonstruck/clsc3w2.html

Home Theatre Links Advertise Here Email Us Agamemnon A synopsis of the play by Aeschylus This article was originally published in Minute History of the Drama The opening play in the Oresteian Trilogy, which one first place in the City Dionysia in 458 B.C. The Trilogy was completed on that occasion by a satyr-drama, PROTEUS, on the same theme, making it a tetralogy. PROTEUS, however, has been lost. MORE than ten years before the action of the play begins, Paris, Prince of Troy, had betrayed the hospitality of Menelaus, King of Sparta, by eloping with Menelaus' wife, the beautiful Helen. Menelaus' brother, Agamemnon, King of Argos, had been elected head of the armies promptly assembled from all the Greek cities for the purpose of avenging the injury to Menelaus. For ten long years the Grecian hosts had besieged the walls of Troy, but as the play opens their signal fires announcing Troy fallen and Menelaus avenged have just been sighted by the watchman on the roof of the palace in Argos. During these ten years Clytemnestra, Agamemnon's faithless queen, had taken for her lover, Aegisthus, blood enemy of Agamemnon's house. Now when the watchman rushes down from the roof of the palace to wake the sleeping household and to announce the imminent return of the rightful king, Clytemnestra immediately makes plans for his reception. Almost on the heels of the announcement Agamemnon himself arrives with many captives and loads of booty in his train. Clytemnestra greets him with great show of wifely affection, has purple tapestries laid for him to walk upon as befits a conqueror, and bids him come within to refresh himself from his travels.

31. Greek Tragedy II: Aeschylus Feature Search. Ancient / Classical History Greek Tragedy. aeschylus An articleby NS Gill, Ancient/Classical History Guide. Chorus O suitably http://ancienthistory.about.com/library/weekly/aa111197.htm

zJs=10 zJs=11 zJs=12 zJs=13 zc(5,'jsc',zJs,9999999,'') About History Ancient / Classical History Home ... Trojan War Hero Achilles - Troy zau(256,152,145,'gob','http://z.about.com/5/ad/go.htm?gs='+gs,''); Atlas and Places - Where? Ancient Greece - Greek Ancient Rome - Romans ANE Egypt Persia Israel... ... Help zau(256,138,125,'el','http://z.about.com/0/ip/417/0.htm','');w(xb+xb); Stay Current Subscribe to the About Ancient / Classical History newsletter. Search Ancient / Classical History Greek Tragedy Aeschylus An article by N.S. Gill , Ancient/Classical History Guide Chorus: O suitably-attired-in-leather-boots Head of a traveller, wherefore seeking whom Whence by what way how purposed art thou come To this well-nightingaled vicinity? My object in enquiring is to know, But if you happen to be deaf and dumb And do not understand a word I say, Then wave your hand to signify as much. A.E. Housman Contents CAREER THEATRE PERFORMANCE FACTS AND FIGURES ... Part IV: Euripides The URL for this feature is http://ancienthistory.about.com/library/weekly/aa111197.htm Recent Discussions TROY is here Sparta: noble or fascist state?

32. Prometheus Bound Summary and analysis of the play by aeschylus. http://www.theatrehistory.com/ancient/bates019.html

PROMETHEUS BOUND A summary and analysis of the play by Aeschylus This document was originally published in The Drama: Its History, Literature and Influence on Civilization, vol. 1 . ed. Alfred Bates. London: Historical Publishing Company, 1906. pp. 70-78. Purchase Prometheus Bound PROMETHEUS BOUND An original painting by A. Russell The Prometheus Bound stands midway between Prometheus the Fire-giver and Prometheus Unbound . In grandeur of conception and imagery it has never been surpassed, not even in the works of Shakespeare , for here is the very essence of tragedy, her inmost spirit revealed in its sternest mood, in all its prostrating and annihilating force. The subject of the first play is the transgression of Prometheus, who brings fire to mankind, whereby they become no better, and confers on them other benefits, as he himself relates to the chorus when bound to the rocks. From love of mortals he roused their reason; he taught them to make dwellings, showed them the stars, the use of number and writingmother of the Muses. He tamed horses and built ships, taught the virtues of healing potions, the various modes of divination, and how to turn to account things dug out of the earth. He it was who taught mortals all they know.

33. Greek Tragedy II: Aeschylus Feature Drama aeschylusBack to list aeschylus (c. 525456 BC) LINKS Agamemnon Study Guidehttp//novaonline.nv.cc.va.us/eli/Troy/agamemguide.html Create http://ancienthistory.about.com/homework/ancienthistory/library/weekly/aa111197.

zJs=10 zJs=11 zJs=12 zJs=13 zc(5,'jsc',zJs,9999999,'') About History Ancient / Classical History Home ... Trojan War Hero Achilles - Troy zau(256,152,145,'gob','http://z.about.com/5/ad/go.htm?gs='+gs,''); Atlas and Places - Where? Ancient Greece - Greek Ancient Rome - Romans ANE Egypt Persia Israel... ... Help zau(256,138,125,'el','http://z.about.com/0/ip/417/0.htm','');w(xb+xb); Stay Current Subscribe to the About Ancient / Classical History newsletter. Search Ancient / Classical History Greek Tragedy Aeschylus An article by N.S. Gill , Ancient/Classical History Guide Chorus: O suitably-attired-in-leather-boots Head of a traveller, wherefore seeking whom Whence by what way how purposed art thou come To this well-nightingaled vicinity? My object in enquiring is to know, But if you happen to be deaf and dumb And do not understand a word I say, Then wave your hand to signify as much. A.E. Housman Contents CAREER THEATRE PERFORMANCE FACTS AND FIGURES ... Part IV: Euripides The URL for this feature is http://ancienthistory.about.com/library/weekly/aa111197.htm Recent Discussions TROY is here Sparta: noble or fascist state?

34. Prometheus Bound -- Thoreau Translation Henry David Thoreau's translation of the play by aeschylus. http://www.diacenter.org/kos/thoreau.html

Prometheus Bound by Aeschylus translated by Henry D. Thoreau PERSONS OF THE DRAMA KRATOS and BIA, (Strength and Force) HEPHAISTUS, (Vulcan) PROMETHEUS CHORUS OF OCEAN NYMPHS OCEANUS IO, Daughter of Inachus HERMES KRATOS and BIA, HEPHAISTUS, PROMETHEUS KR. We are come to the far-bounding plain of earth, To the Scythian way, to the unapproached solitude. Hephaistus, orders must have thy attention, Which the father has enjoined on thee, this bold one To the high-hanging rocks to bind, In indissoluble fetters of adamantine bonds. For thy flower, the splendor of fire useful in all arts, Stealing, he bestowed on mortals; and for such A crime 't is fit he should give satisfaction to the gods; That he may learn the tyranny of Zeus To love, and cease from his man-loving ways. HEPH. Kratos and Bia, your charge from Zeus Already has its end, and nothing further in the way; But I cannot endure to bind A kindred god by force to a bleak precipice,-

35. The Agamemnon Of Aeschylus The Agamemnon of aeschylus A Radical Translation. by. DW Myatt. The languageof aeschylus particularly in the Choral Odes - is flowing and expressive. http://www.geocities.com/Athens/Aegean/4979/agamem.html

The 'Agamemnon' of Aeschylus: A Radical Translation by D. W. Myatt Introduction This new translation of the 'Agamemnon' has, I believe, restored to Aeschylus that pagan vigour and understanding which is essential if one is to appreciate not only the work of Aeschylus, but also the civilization of Greece. Aeschylus, along with many other ancient classical authors, has suffered at the hands of those who have tried to translate Greek into English. Perhaps the greatest disservice done to him - and the others - is the rendering of certain concepts, mostly described by a particular Greek word, in what is fundamentally an un-Hellenic, abstract and moral way - albeit that this seems to be mostly unconsciously done. What results from this thoughtlessness is more often than not a sort of 'Christianizing' of Greek culture in retrospect - and thus a lack of insight into and understanding of the Hellenic way of living. One thinks here of verses like 1654-1656 from the 'Agamemnon'. This is always mis-translated to give something like: "No more violence. Here is a monstrous harvest and a bitter reaping time. There is pain enough already. Let us not be bloody now." The effect of such a 'translation' - not withstanding the abstract and modem concepts like "time" - is a moral one: the speaker (here, Clytaemnestra) apparently says, after killing Agamemnon and Cassandra, that she does not want any more "violence" and describes her killings as "monstrous". However, what Aeschylus actually has Clytaemnestra say is: "Let us not do any more harm for to reap these many would make it an

36. IH 51: Classical Foundations: Aeschylus http://oll.temple.edu/ih/IH51/Greeks/Aeschylus/aeschylusSet.htm

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37. Aeschylus Bio Biography of aeschylus. adapted for In other words, we do not knowwhat aeschylus wrote like as a young man. aeschylus, essentially http://oll.temple.edu/ih/IH51/Greeks/Aeschylus/AeschylusBio.htm

INTELLECTUAL HERITAGE 51 CLASSICAL GREEK RELIGIOUS HUMANIST ... Plato Biography of Aeschylus adapted for IH students by Professor Mitchell-Boyask from the Perseus on-line Encyclopedia entry Born at Eleusis in Attica, ca. 525 B.C.E Died Gela in Sicily, ca. 455 B.C.E. Ancient biographies are notoriously unreliable because many traditions about artists' lives arose well after they actually lived, and often were based on events in the poets own works. Thus, you have to be very careful about any stories about the Greek poets. No reliable contemporary source provides us with any detailed information about the life of Aeschylus, but later sources allow us to piece together an outline. Aeschylus' place of birth was Eleusis, the famous center for the cult of Demeter in Greece; the "mysteries" of Eleusis were rituals designed either to prepare the soul for the afterlife or for eventual reincarnation. Aeschylus was thirty-five years old at the battle of Marathon, one of the two pivotal events in the Greek struggle against the invading Persians. Aeschylus produced his first plays sometime around 500 B.C.E. for the dramatic competition at the City Dionysian Festival in Athens, which was held annually in early spring. For these competitions Athens would select three poets who would write and stage three tragedies and a comedy known as a satyr play; the tragic poet thus had to aim for the loftiest artistic ideals while still pleasing the crowd and judges, a balancing act Aeschylus performed extremely well. He won his first victory 484 and finished first the other twelve times he competed. Currently, scholars believe that Aeschylus composed 52 plays, of which only seven (perhaps six if

38. Enjoying "Prometheus Bound", By Aeschylus Enjoying Prometheus Bound , by aeschylus Ed Friedlander MD erf@uhs.edu.The encyclopedia. aeschylus. He pronounced his own name iceKHUUH-lawss. http://www.pathguy.com/promethe.htm

Enjoying "Prometheus Bound", by Aeschylus Ed Friedlander MD scalpel_blade@yahoo.com The beautiful fables of the Greeks, being proper creations of the imagination and not of the fancy, are universal verities. What a range of meanings and what perpetual pertinence has the story of Prometheus! Ralph Waldo Emerson, "Essays" Prometheus stole fire and gave it to the human race. For this, he was bound to a mountain and punished for centuries. This basic Greek myth was retold through the classic era and provided the plot for Aeschylus's "Prometheus Bound". This site will help you as you search the background and meaning of this play, and ideas about the story of Prometheus generally. The Myths of Prometheus Prometheus was one of the Titans, the original race of gods sprung from earth and sky. He sided with Zeus and the other major gods of classical Greece when they overthrew the other Titans. The titans are listed by Hesiod in his Theogony as a group of twelve major gods, including allegorically-named Kronos ("time"), Mnemosyne ("memory / remembrance"), Themis ("justice"), Phoebe ("brightness"), Oceanus ("the ocean"), Hyperion ("the high one"), Tethys and Theia (both mean "the goddess / the revered lady"). Prometheus is usually listed as the son of the titan Iapetus. This could be the same name as "Japeth", ancestor of the Europeans in the Old Testament, and/or as "Giapetto", creator of Pinocchio. Herodotus (

39. Persians, U. Of Saskatchewan To Home Page To Translations Menu. aeschylus The Persians Niall McCloskeyand John Porter, translators. Notice Susa.. aeschylus Persians. http://duke.usask.ca/~porterj/DeptTransls/Persians.html

To Home Page To Translations Menu Aeschylus: The Persians Niall McCloskey and John Porter , translators Notice: Greek Terms Sigla Hypothesis Dramatis Personae ... Supplementary Material See, in general, the Introduction to Aeschylus' Persians on this WWW site. Greek Terms Alastor erinys (q.v.) Daimon (pl. daimones) theos, and often more ominous. Daimones Erinys (pl. erinyes) Hybris Koros hybris and to incur the phthonos of the gods Olbos ploutos Phthonos Ploutos olbos Polis (pl. poleis) Theos (pl. theoi) For a list of technical terms used in the study of ancient drama, see the Glossary of Terms Associated with the Greek Stage. Sigla line 13 line 778 A horizontal line on the left-hand side of the page separating two passages indicates a shift in meter. [E.g., between lines 64 and 65 .] See the structural analysis in the Introduction to Aeschylus' Persians on this WWW site. Asterisks between parentheses represent a gap in the text of our manuscripts; alone they represent a text too corrupt for conjecture. Hypothesis Hypothesis FN 1 of The Persians by Aeschylus: Glaucus, [

40. Persians Introduction, Univ. Of Saskatchewan To Home Page To Course Notes Menu. Introduction to aeschylus Persians by John Porter,University of Saskatchewan. aeschylus Persians and Contemporary Politics. http://duke.usask.ca/~porterj/CourseNotes/PersIntro.html

To Home Page To Course Notes Menu Introduction to Aeschylus' Persians by John Porter, University of Saskatchewan Notice: The following material is intended to accompany the translation of Aeschylus' Persians in the collection of translations of Classical authors. Introduction Questions to Consider Aeschylus' Persians and Contemporary Politics Aids to Reading the Persians ... The Structure and Meters of the Play Introduction In 480 B.C. the combined naval forces of the Greeks, led by Athens, defeated a much more imposing Persian force under their king Xerxes in the narrows off of the island of Salamis (west of Athens). This Greek victory (along with a victory by land a few months later at Plataea in Boeotia) put an end to Xerxes' plans to expand his realm westward into Europe and was a just source of pride for the forces of Athens in particular. In 472 B.C. Aeschylus celebrated this victory in his play, The Persians. For an account of Xerxes' expedition and its aftermath, see Herodotus, The Histories, books 7-9 (especially 8.40ff.) and J.B. Bury and R. Meiggs, A History of Greece (fourth edition: London and Basingstoke, 1975) 167ff.

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