41. Physics And Astronomy History At SUSB Department of Physics and Astronomy . The Department of Astronomy was foundedtogether with Geology as the Department of Earth and Space Sciences. http://felix.physics.sunysb.edu/PAhist/

SUNY - Stony Brook Department of Physics and Astronomy - The Department of Physics was founded in the early days of Stony Brook when the campus was temporarily located at Oyster Bay. The Department of Astronomy was founded together with Geology as the Department of Earth and Space Sciences. In 1998 the Astronomy Department separated from Geology and joined with Physics to become the Department of Physics and Astronomy. Alumni Information in the Electronic Yearbook . Click here to access the yearly records of graduates. Find links to your classmates' web pages. Alumni Reunion Meeting Physics and Astronomy at the Millennium ). Click here for a brief summary, plus photos of the meeting. The meeting web page is still available , but will be phased out during the next months. University Alumni Association Former Faculty and Staff

42. Physics And Astronomy History At SUSB Department of Physics and Astronomy Alumni Reunion Meeting. The meeting Physicsand Astronomy at the Millennium was held on campus June 1618, 2000. http://felix.physics.sunysb.edu/PAhist/pammeeting.html

Department of Physics and Astronomy Alumni Reunion Meeting The meeting Physics and Astronomy at the Millennium was held on campus June 16-18, 2000. Approximately 100 alumni attended. There were 14 invited talks, mostly by alumni, supplemented by talks from some of the younger members of the faculty. The talks were outstanding and gave an inspiring view of the current state of research. Click here for the program of the meeting. Various people took photos. If you have photos we can either link to or post, please let us know! Gene Sprouse has posted photos on two pages: page 1 and page 2 . Other photos were sent by Paul Cowell and by Vasili Perebeinos Below are a few photos from the many taken by Pam Burris and Bob Segnini. Opening session in the SAC auditorium. Front row: Jainendra Jain , Daniil Kaplan. Saturday morning plenary session. Kostya Likharev speaking, C. N. Yang , chair. Former faculty member Joe Serene , and former Department Chair Gene Sprouse. Lynn (Copel) Elzweig (BS, 1964), Ed McCullough (B.S. 1964), and Pam Burris

43. The Software Studio : /Science/Astronomy/History Announcements of discussions (in Oakland, California), open to the public, onvarious astronomy history topics, and an archive of past discussions Reaching http://portal.thesoftwarestudio.com/index.php/Science/Astronomy/History

This software available soon at The Software Studio Jun 06, 2004 Top Science Astronomy Eclipses, Occultations and Transits ... A Brief SETI Chronology - A timeline of the search for extraterrestrial intelligence, from Morrison and Coconni to SETI@home. A Science Odyssey - Physics and Astronomy - PBS articles about 20th century astronomy and physics. Astronomical References in the Ruba'iy t of Omar Khayyam - Excerpts and commentary with reproductions of some of Elihu Vedder's illustrations. Astronomy - Features history of discoveries and references. Astronomy in Japan - Historical and modern Japanese astronomy, and its place in Japanese culture Astronomy in Sweden 1860-1940 - From the Uppsala University Newsletter for History of Science. Atlas Celeste - A rare celestial atlas discovered in the library of the Manchester Astronomical Society. Biennial History of Astronomy Conferences - Workshops at Notre Dame, papers presented, abstracts, group pictures of attendees. Big Ear Radio Observatory - Radio astronomy and the search for extraterrestrial intelligence. Digital Archive of Historical Astronomy Pictures - Images from the history of astronomy, old telescopes, pictures of astronomers, observatories.

44. Astronomy: History astronomy history. Biennial History of Astronomy Conferences. Workshops atNotre Dame, papers presented, abstracts, group pictures of attendees. http://www.puredirectory.com/Science/Astronomy/History/

Astronomy: History Home Science Astronomy : History Eclipses, Occultations and Transits Instruments Observatories People ... Worldviews google_ad_client = "pub-3272565765518472";google_alternate_color = "FFFFFF";google_ad_width = 336;google_ad_height = 280;google_ad_format = "336x280_as";google_ad_channel ="7485447737";google_color_border = "FFFFFF";google_color_bg = "FFFFFF";google_color_link = "0000FF";google_color_url = "008000";google_color_text = "000000"; Standard Listings A Brief SETI Chronology A timeline of the search for extraterrestrial intelligence, from Morrison and Coconni to SETI@home. A Science Odyssey - Physics and Astronomy PBS articles about 20th century astronomy and physics. Astronomical References in the Ruba'iyt of Omar Khayyam Excerpts and commentary with reproductions of some of Elihu Vedder's illustrations. Astronomy Features history of discoveries and references. Astronomy in Japan Historical and modern Japanese astronomy, and its place in Japanese culture Astronomy in Sweden 1860-1940 From the Uppsala University Newsletter for History of Science. Atlas Celeste A rare celestial atlas discovered in the library of the Manchester Astronomical Society.

45. Archeoastronomy Links astronomy history Resources Resources (from Space Telescope Science Instiitute).European astronomy history. Native American/ MesoAmerican astronomy history. http://www.astronomy.pomona.edu/archeo/otherlinks/

Useful Links for Astronomy and History of Ancient World Astronomy Below is a partial list of useful ancient astronomy links which have been examined and found to be very useful for their relevance and content in teaching archeoastronomy. This list will be updated regularly, and the goal is to present a concise list of truly useful and innovative web pages which can supplement the study and teaching of world astronomy. If you have suggestions for additional links please send them to Dr. Bryan Penprase, at the email address penprase@shanti.pomona.claremont.edu General History of Astronomy/Science Links Exploring Ancient World Cultures (a general work on ancient cultures) Ousia: Links for Ancient Astronomy/Astrology (temporarily out of order) (part of a comprehensive guide to ancient culture) Clive Ruggle's Archive of Archeoastronomy Images (covers all continents, and offers spectacular images using interactive database). History of Astronomy and Space Science (from the University of Washington ) History of Astronomy (from Bonn, Germany)

46. Astronomy History Resources Resources AstroWeb astronomy history Resources. 400 Years of Astronomy on MerseysideTo celebrate 400 years of Astronomy on Merseyside, the http://www.kepu.com.cn/gb/beyond/astronomy/organizations/astroweb/history.html

AstroWeb: Astronomy History Resources 400 Years of Astronomy on Merseyside To celebrate 400 years of Astronomy on Merseyside, the Lassell Dawes Conference is to be held on 1999 October 16 at Merseyside Maritime Museum. Speakers include Drs Patrick Moore and Allan Chapman, and Professor Mike Bode. Exhibitors include the University of Liverpool, John Moores University, National Museums and Galleries on Merseyside, and Liverpool AS. http://www.u-net.com/ph/400/ Ancient Astronomical Cosmology Resource Center (A Central Resource for Educators and Student) Contains an interactive atlas of world astronomy, with detailed descriptions of the astronomy of cultures around the world. Also includes an interactive Dresden and Borgian codex for studying Mayan and Aztec astronomy. Several student essays and links to other relevant sites are included. http://arcturus.pomona.edu/ Astronomy and Islam A galaxy of astronomical links many with an Islamic flavour. http://www.ummah.net/astronomy/ Digital Archive of Historical Astronomy Pictures (DAHAP) A collection of images from the history of astronomy, for use in research and teaching.

47. Zeal.com - United States - New - Library - Sciences - Astronomy & Space - Refere 2. astronomy history Resources http//www.stsci.edu/astroweb/cathistory.htmlPresents an extensive compilation of links to resources such as document http://zeal.com/category/preview.jhtml?cid=226515

48. History Of Astronomy History of Astronomy, a site devoted to information about historical figuresin astronomy that could not be found else where on the internet. http://www.u-net.com/ph/astro-history/

History of Astronomy A site devoted to information about historical figures in astronomy that could not be found else where on the internet. If you have found your self in the position of searching the web to find some information or a photo of an historical figure in astronomy and was unsuccessful, and you may have had to do your own research. I would be very interested in using what ever material that wish to send me for use on the site. This will then helps others in the future, and avoid duplicating another persons research. If you have information that I may use on this site, please contact Michael Oates Thank you. Current list of astronomical figures on this site. Eric Burgess - Manchester's First Rocket Man William Rutter Dawes John Henry Hindle George Higgs ... Fr. Walter Sidgreaves Also visit The Society For The History Of Astronomy Maintained by Michael Oates Page modified 30 May, 2003

49. Enerdyne | Books | Astronomy | Cambridge University Press Astronomy History The Cambridge University Press astronomy history The Cambridge IllustratedHistory of Astronomy. The Cambridge Illustrated History of http://www.enerdynet.com/cgi-bin/product/search.cgi?db=product&uid=default&ww=on

50. History And Philosophy Of Western Astronomy Chapter index in this window . Chapter index in separate window. This material (including images) is copyrighted!. See my copyright notice for fair use practices. like a more thorough discussion http://www.astronomynotes.com/history/s1.htm

History and Philosophy of Western Astronomy Chapter index in this window Chapter index in separate window This material (including images) is . See my for fair use practices. Now that you have some feeling for the scales of time and space that astronomy This chapter covers the development of western astronomy and modern science. I focus on the rise of modern science in Europe, from the ancient Greeks to Isaac Newton. Other cultures were also quite interested and skilled in astronomy (the Mayans (link will display in another window), Egyptians, peoples of India and China come immediately to mind), but the Greeks were the first ones to try to explain how the universe worked in a logical, systematic manner using models and observations. Modern astronomy (and all of science) has its roots in the Greek tradition. If you would like a more thorough discussion of the history of astronomy than what I will present here, please take a look at Science and the Human Prospect by Ronald Pine (links will display in another window). I will give dates of when certain persons lived and worked to give you some reference points in the long history of astronomy. Don't worry about memorizing the dates. What is more important is to see the development of ideas and methods of modern science. I include images of world atlases from different time periods in this chapter and the next as another way to illustrate the advances in our understanding of our world and the universe. Links to the sites from which the photographs came are embedded in the images. Select the picture to go to the site. The vocabulary terms are in

51. People In The History Of Astronomy A little background information on the history of people in astronomy. Steven Hawking, Einstein, Pythagoras and Halley just to name a few. In the field of the rising science of preastronomy, Pythagoras paved a path for a new astrology that included an http://www.geocities.com/CapeCanaveral/Launchpad/4515/HISTORY.html

People In The History Of Astronomy Background Pythagoras Ptolemy Copernicus ... Stephen Hawking Background          One of the most powerful creations of Greek science was the mathematical astronomy created by Hipparchus in the second century B.C. and given final form by Ptolemy in the second century A.D. Ptolemy's work was known in the Middle Ages through imperfect Latin versions. In fifteenth-century Italy, however, it was brought back to life. George Trebizond, a Cretan emigre in the curia, produced a new translation and commentary. These proved imperfect and aroused much heated criticism. But a German astronomer, Johannes Regiomontanus, a protege of the brilliant Greek churchman Cardinal Bessarion, came to Italy with his patron, learned Greek, and produced a full-scale "Epitome" of Ptolemy's work from which most astronomers learned their art for the next century and more. Copernicus was only one of the celebrities of the Scientific Revolution whose work rested in large part on the study of ancient science carried out in fifteenth-century Italy. (The Revival Of An Ancient Science) Pythagoras (582–c.507 B.C)

52. Astronomiae Historia / History Of Astronomy Information and several thousand links on all aspects of history of astronomy andrelated fields observatories, people, items, archives and libraries, museums http://www.astro.uni-bonn.de/~pbrosche/astoria.html

Astronomiae Historia History of Astronomy About this image Welcome / About What's new (February 12, 2004) History of astronomy ... Wolfgang R. Dick . Created: 16 Jan 1995. Latest change of this welcome page: 26 June 2002

53. Public Education And Outreach If this looks a little like an Introductory College astronomy Course, that is because these pages were developed for my A Brief history of astronomy. Forces and Light http://casswww.ucsd.edu/public/astroed.html

54. History Of Astronomy - Gary's Astronomy Pages history of astronomy. To the history Pages. I removed the frames version, to keep things simple.) Back to astronomy Index. http://members.aol.com/gca7sky/history.htm

History of Astronomy To the History Pages (I removed the frames version, to keep things simple.) Back to Astronomy Index

55. Caltech Astronomy : History: 1908-1949 The following timeline covers the early history of Palomar Observatory, from its calmand stable atmosphere above the Los Angeles basin, astronomers can see http://www.astro.caltech.edu/observatories/palomar/history/

Printable Version The following timeline covers the early history of Palomar Observatory, from its conception in the early 1900's, through the 200-inch's twenty-one years of construction until it began full-time observing in 1949. All images except the last one ( Caltech Archives . Click on any image to enlarge. 1908: Mt. Wilson 60-inch telescope Under the supervision of George Ellery Hale, and through grants from the Carnegie Institution of Washington, the Mount Wilson 60-inch telescope is completed and sees "first light." It is the world's largest telescope, and with the exceptionally calm and stable atmosphere above the Los Angeles basin, astronomers can see fainter and more distant objects than ever before. Harlow Shapley uses this telescope to measure the size of our galaxy (the Milky Way) and the solar system's position in it. 1917: Mt. Wilson 100-inch telescope While the 60-inch is constructed, Hale and the Carnegie Institution plan a yet larger design. Despite technical challenges in casting and shaping the glass mirror, and difficulties with funding, the 100-inch telescope is completed in 1917. It is a temperamental machine - the large mirror is highly sensitive to temperature variations which cause it to go out of focus easily. Despite such problems, it provides an unparalleled view of the faraway universe. Edwin Hubble uses this instrument to determine the distances and velocities of neighboring galaxies, demonstrating that they are separate "island universes" and not small nebulae contained within the Milky Way, as many astronomers had previously thought. He also discovers the first indications that the universe is expanding. Measurements of more distant galaxies, and fine details of the near ones, are still beyond the reach of the 100-inch.

56. Some History Of Astronomy Links Some history of astronomy Links. The history of Mount Wilson Observatory Hubblewas Here. A Brief history of astronomy in Uppsala Celsius was Here. http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/htmltest/jbonnell/www/hist.html

Some History of Astronomy Links High Energy Astronomy Missions: This site has interesting information and images from past x-ray and gamma-ray astronomy satellites as well as present and future ones. A Brief History of the Discovery of Cosmic Gamma-Ray Bursts draft april 17, 1995 - J.Bonnell 75th Anniversary Astronomical Debate: In April 1920, Harlow Shapley and Heber D. Curtis debated "The Scale of the Universe". In April 1995, in commemoration of the "Great Debate" of 1920, Donald Q. Lamb and Bohdan Paczynski debated "The Distance Scale to Gamma-Ray Bursts". Find out what it was all about. The History of Mount Wilson Observatory: Hubble was Here. A Brief History of Astronomy in Uppsala: Celsius was Here. History of Astronomy and Space Science: A comprehensive list of history of astronomy sites on the web. Astronomiae Historia / History of Astronomy The primary source of history of astronomy information on the web.

57. THE 1920 SHAPLEY-CURTIS DISCUSSION BACKGROUND, ISSUES, AND Seiler suggested the use of photoelectric cells as photon detectors for astronomy. folkloreinclude Joel Stebbins (who, with a 64 year history of publications http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/diamond_jubilee/papers/trimble.html

THE 1920 SHAPLEY-CURTIS DISCUSSION: BACKGROUND, ISSUES, AND OUTCOME Virginia Trimble Physics Department and Astronomy Department University of California University of Maryland Irvine CA 92717 College Park MD 20742 Prepared for the 1995 75th Anniversary Astronomical Debate and for publication in Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific ABSTRACT 1. INTRODUCTION The suggestion came originally from George Ellery Hale, whose father had endowed a lecture series for the National Academy of Sciences. After some initial hesitation, the NAS Home Secretary, C.G. Abbot, agreed that the 1920 William Ellery Hale lectures would be a discussion on "The Distance Scale of the Universe," with Harlow Shapley of Mt. Wilson Solar Observatory and Heber Doust Curtis of Lick Observatory as the discussants. Both the published versions of their presentations (Curtis 1921, Shapley 1921) and the notes from which they spoke (Hoskin 1976) are now available, as is a good deal of information on the lead-up to what much later came to be called "the great debate" and on its scientific aftermath. We first examine the cultural and scientific environments in which the 1920 event occurred, then the event and its participants, ending with an examination of the scientific issues as then perceived and as now understood. It is not clear whether any very useful lessons for the case of gamma ray bursters can be drawn. As is frequently (but not always!) the case in scientific disputes, Shapley and Curtis each had hold of portions of the correct elephant.

58. Astronomy In Japan Sites of Interest in history of astronomy and Cultural astronomy. Sites ofInterest in history of astronomy and Cultural astronomy. Return to Top. http://www2.gol.com/users/stever/jastro.html

Welcome to Steve Renshaw and Saori Ihara's Astronomy in Japan Home Page Japanese Starlore and Astronomical History Astronomy Activities and Articles of Human Interest Astronomy Sites in Japan with Pages in English Sites of Interest in History of Astronomy and Cultural Astronomy ... ‰½ŒÌ‚±‚̃z[ƒ€ƒy[ƒW‚͉pŒê‚Ì‚Ý‚à ‘‚©‚ê‚Ä‚¢‚é‚Ì‚à ‚·‚©H (In Japanese) Last Updated January 1, 2004 Japanese Starlore and Astronomical History Return to Top Akemashite Omedetou Gozaimasu! The Sun, the Moon, and Happy New Year in Japan (Revised January 2004) Get Out Ogre! Come In Happiness! Setsubun in Japan; A Lunar "New Years' Eve" (Revised January 2004) Tani Jinzan and A Leonid Conflagration Earthly and Celestial Events "Meet" in Tokugawa Japan Orihime, Kengyuu, and Tanabata Japanese Traditions and Values Reflected in a Summer Festival Based on an Ancient Chinese Star Legend Images of Tanabata 2000 Yowatashi Boshi Passing the Winter Nights with Japanese Star Lore of Orion Takamatsu Zuka Kofun An Ancient View of the Sky from a Tomb in Asuka, Japan Controversy Continues (Supplement added April 3, 1997)

59. Chandra :: Field Guide To X-ray Astronomy :: History Of X-Ray Astronomy An explanation of cosmic Xray sources, from black holes to galaxy clusters, aswell as a review of the history of X-ray astronomy, what X-rays are and how http://chandra.harvard.edu/xray_astro/history.html

History of X-Ray Astronomy How do X-ray telescopes differ from optical telescopes? X-rays do not reflect off mirrors the same way that visible light does. Because of their high-energy, X-ray photons penetrate into the mirror in much the same way that bullets slam into a wall. Likewise, just as bullets ricochet when they hit a wall at a grazing angle, so too will X-rays ricochet off mirrors (see diagram below). These properties mean that X-ray telescopes must be very different from optical telescopes. View the schematic image Watch the animation (java) The mirrors have to be precisely shaped and aligned nearly parallel to incoming X-rays. Thus they look more like barrels than the familiar dish shape of optical telescopes. The first imaging X-ray telescope was made by a team of scientists under the direction of Riccardo Giacconi at American Science and Engineering in Cambridge, MA. It was flown on a small sounding rocket in 1965 and made crude images of hot spots in the upper atmosphere of the Sun. This telescope was about the same diameter and length as the optical telescope Galileo used in 1610. Over a period of 380 years, optical telescopes improved in sensitivity by 100 million times from Galileo's telescope to the Hubble Space Telescope. Remarkably, Chandra represents a leap of 100 million in sensitivity, yet it took only 34 years to achieve!

60. Orbits Mr Adams does not have the right to appear in the history of the discovery will remainone of the most magnificent triumphs of theoretical astronomy, one of http://www-gap.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/HistTopics/Orbits.html

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