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Xhosa Indigenous Peoples Africa: more detail

Is the Kafir population in Natal alien or aboriginal: A brief inquiry by John Bird, 1890
The House of Phalo: History of the Xhosa People in the Days of Their Independence by J.B. Peires, 2003-10-31
Warrior Chiefs of Southern Africa: Shaka of the Zulu. Moshoeshoe of the Basotho, Mzilikazi of the Matabele, Maqoma of the Xhosa (Heroes & Warriors) by Ian J. Knight, 1995-03
Beachcombers of the African jungle by Jack Sholomir, 1958
Interactive (Umhlangano) management (Global research monograph series) by Jay Nathan, 1998

lists with details

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Home to approximately 42 million people of various besides English and Afrikaans include xhosa, Sotho, Venda These indigenous languages are as different to each
http://www.tourism-africa.co.za/destinations/south-africa/facts.html
People
when the most famous member of the xhosa, Nelson Mandela the Far East, Europe and indigenous people create an a popular medium for craftmakers in South africa.
http://www.encounter.co.za/people.html
Demographics Of South Africa
offers the same standards of education to all people. 2%, Hindu 1.5% (60% of Indians), indigenous beliefs and Sotho, Swazi, Tsonga, Tswana, Venda, xhosa, Zulu.
http://www.fact-index.com/d/de/demographics_of_south_africa.html

Extractions: Main Page See live article Alphabetical index Until 1991, South African law divided the population into four major racial categories: blacks (African), whites, coloreds, and Asians. Although this law has been abolished, many South Africans still view themselves and each other according to these categories. These categories are also retained for the purposes of affirmative action . Africans comprise about 78% of the population and are divided into a number of different ethnic groups. Whites comprise about 10% of the population. They are primarily descendants of Dutch, French, English, and German settlers who began arriving at the Cape in the late 17th century. Coloreds are mixed-race people primarily descending from the earliest settlers and the indigenous peoples. They comprise about 9% of the total population. Most Asians descend from Indian workers brought to South Africa in the mid-19th century to work on the sugar estates in Natal. The rest are descendents of Indian traders who moved to South Africa. They constitute about 3% of the population and are concentrated in the KwaZulu-Natal Province. Education is in a state of flux. Under the apartheid system schools were segregated, and the quantity and quality of education varied significantly across racial groups. Although the laws governing this segregation have been abolished, the long and arduous process of restructuring the country's educational system is just beginning. The challenge is to create a single nondiscriminatory, nonracial system that offers the same standards of education to all people.
LANGUAGES-ON-THE-WEB: BEST XHOSA LINKS
Parks and Tourism Board, South africa Pilanesberg, Borokalalo English to xhosa Translator For best results Tribes Two groups of indigenous people were said to
http://www.languages-on-the-web.com/links/link-xhosa.htm

Extractions: www.saol.co.za/xhosa/welcome.htm The Heritage Virtual Resource Network is the holding Organisation[Network] which steers and oversee all the networks within this domain.It is in this regard that The Heritage Virtual Resource Network announces the soon to be launching networks in its domain. These include the current Xhosa Network, the Sotho Network, the Afrikan Network and the Zulu Network will follow later after that.
Photo-Guide.com - Africa Imagery
Photographs of the indigenous people of africa. The xhosa, Zulu, Masai and Ndebele and others can be seen here. Pat and Roger de
http://www.photo-guide.com/people03.html

Extractions: All images © Roger de la Harpe No form of reproduction, including copying or saving of digital image files, or the alteration or manipulation of these files, is authorized unless accompanied by a written sales advice issued by Africa Imagery. Africa Imagery - Photographs of Africa, its people and its wildlife Photographs of the indigenous people of Africa. The Xhosa, Zulu, Masai and Ndebele and others can be seen here. Pat and Roger de la Harpe capture the moods and beauty of these races in a series of photographs which are just a part of their large and informative site. Apart from the excellent portraits of the people they have information and some great photos of wildlife and travel in Africa. A useful site for anyone who is interested in Africa.
History Of The Afrikaans Language In South Africa
became clear that the horn of africa presented another inhabitants as well as the xhosa and the rejecting any claims of the indigenous people, the Afrikaaners
http://nc.essortment.com/historyafrikaan_rqrs.htm

Extractions: History of the Afrikaans language in South Africa The Afrikaans language as spoken in South Africa is more than the language of apartheid. It's a hybrid of influences, from Dutch to Cape Malay. Afrikaans, the modern version is more than merely a Dutch derivative as some would suggest. Inextricably linked for the last century with the development and application of apartheid within South Africa, the immense reach and value of this language has often been overlooked within the wider political climate. bodyOffer(17604) While the Dutch, who arrived in South Africa in 1652 and established a colony in Cape Town, are largely credited with the birth of the language, the version spoken today is an accumulation of many other influences. The Dutch dialect established after 1652 incorporated terms and phrases handed down from sailors who had been shipwrecked off the Cape coast after it became clear that the horn of Africa presented another viable trade route. These phrases, of both english and portuguese origin, soon found their way into the dutch dialect. In addition, the language took on a more oriental flavour with the arrival of a slaves in the Cape, primarily of Malay extraction, but also from other eastern regions and nearby African islands including Madagascar.
History - Study Abroad In South Africa
for resources between settlers and indigenous people, and between amount of land controlled by African people. African chiefdoms like the xhosa, Ndebele, Pedi
http://www.studysa.co.za/about/history.html

Extractions: Photo:Mayibuye Centre ince the earliest prehistoric times, South Africa has been a land of new beginnings. Fossil remains found in the Sterkfontein Caves near Johannesburg suggest that South Africa was the cradle of mankind. Palaeontologists at South African universities have presented conclusive evidence that Australopithecus Africanus, a bipedal hominid who roamed the plains of southern Africa millions of years ago, is a direct human ancestor. Scattered throughout South Africa are caves adorned with some of the world's oldest artworks, some dating back more than years. Depicting the physical and spiritual dimensions of stone age life, they were produced by the San people, part of a diverse group of aboriginal South Africans, known as the Khoisan, who inhabited the subcontinent long before the arrival of Bantu-speaking or European settlers. European mariners first rounded the tip of Africa in the 15th century. The Cape was initially used by the Dutch East India Company as a refreshment station for its ships in the mid-17th century, but later became a permanent Dutch settlement. Besides opening up Southern Africa to the rest of the world, European settlement marked the beginning of a long history of conflict between the settlers and the indigenous people.
South Africa/People - Encyclopedia Article About South Africa/People. Free Acces
2%, Hindu 1.5% (60% of Indians), indigenous beliefs and xhosa Spoken in South africa Region Eastern Cape Province is a language of the Zulu people with about
http://encyclopedia.thefreedictionary.com/South Africa/People

Extractions: Dictionaries: General Computing Medical Legal Encyclopedia Word: Word Starts with Ends with Definition Until Centuries: 19th century - 20th century - 21st century Decades: 1940s 1950s 1960s 1970s 1980s - Years: 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 - This year, like 2002, is a palindrome. It also has the same calendar as 2002, including Easter on March 31. It is a common year starting on Tuesday. Click the link for more information. South African South Africa is a republic at the southern tip of Africa. It is bordered to the north by Namibia, Botswana and Zimbabwe, to the north-east by Mozambique and Swaziland. Lesotho is contained entirely inside the borders of South Africa. South Africa is one of the most ethnically diverse countries in Africa, and has the largest white population. Racial and ethnic strife has played a large role in much of the country's history and politics. Click the link for more information. law divided the population into four major racial categories: blacks (African), whites, coloreds, and Asians. Although this law has been abolished, many South Africans still view themselves and each other according to these categories. These categories are also retained for the purposes of Employment Equity Employment Equity (formerly called Affirmative Action ) is the description used by the South African Government to describe their policy of disadvantaging people and companies based on race. This has been steadily introduced after the 1994 democratic elections which gave the black majority complete control of the country and its government.
Indigenous People - Encyclopedia Article About Indigenous People. Free Access, N
Related ethnic groups Bantu Zulu Swazi xhosa Matabele .. Click the link for more information. people indigenous to South africa South africa is a republic
http://encyclopedia.thefreedictionary.com/indigenous people

Extractions: Dictionaries: General Computing Medical Legal Encyclopedia Word: Word Starts with Ends with Definition Indigenous people are: Indigenous people are sometimes referred to as aborigines or as autochthonous , a Greek term that means "sprung from the earth," Greek authors of the classical period referred to the indigenous people of Greece, who had lived there since before any of the waves of Hellenic migration, as " Pelasgians please excuse our appearance: this article is being actively worked on. Your help is invited. Pelasgian was a name applied by ancient Greek writers to groups of people who preceded the Hellenes and dwelt in several Greek, Anatolian and Aegean locations as neighbors of the Hellenes. Pelasgians spoke a language different from the Greeks. "Pelasgian" has since come to be used indiscriminately by scholars to indicate all the autochthonous inhabitants of these lands before the arrival of the Greeks, and in recent times it is even being applied to the indigenous, pre-Indo-European peoples of the Caucasus and Asia Minor as well.
VERA BÜHRMANN PAPERS
Research into the methods of traditional healers (diviners) amongst the xhosaspeaking people . C4.20. Role of the indigenous healer in South africa . C4.21.
http://www.lib.uct.ac.za/mss/existing/VBPapers.htm

Extractions: BC 1164 VERA BUHRMANN PAPERS A PERSONAL PAPERS Curriculum vitae Pocket diaries: 1966 - 1980 B CORRESPONDENCE (Some include copies of letters from VB; Some correspondence in other sections) Nick Carter: 4/12/1988 28/10/1990 Dr Guy Daynes: 18/09/1978 07/09/1981 Dr Hans Dieckmann: 08/12/1993 Dr Stewart Gilder: 13/10/1978 08/07/1985 Joseph Gqomfa: 07/02/1980 20/10/1997 Dr Judith Hubback: 11/12/1979 03/12/1985 Kathleen Newton: 12/12/1963 24/06/1964 Renos Papadopoulos: 15/11/1982 13/04/1986 Professor Leland Roloff: 06/11/1986 14/02/1994 Judith Seddon: 19/03/1984 28/06/1987 France Tiso: 11/11/1980 02/05/1983 Single letters To VB From VB Copies of correspondence (not to/from VB) C WRITINGS (Includes notes, drafts, reprints and some sources of articles and talks by VB) Child Psychology Autism "The at risk autistic child and his family" "Autism or childhood schizophrenia" "The autistic and psychotic child/Die outistiese en psigotiese kind" "Early recognition of infantile autism" "The treatment of the autistic child in the family"
HREOC Website - Bringing Them Home - Text Only Version
such as the Zulus and xhosa, were removed had always characterised relations between Europeans, indigenous people and imported slaves in South africa.
http://www.humanrights.gov.au/bth/text_versions/map/international/south_africa.h

Extractions: BTH Home BTH Text-Only Home About the Inquiry Track the History ... South Africa Bringing them home - Chart Developments in Other Countries South Africa In , Jan van Riebeeck of the Dutch East India Company arrived at the Cape of Good Hope after receiving instructions to set up an outpost en route to Asia for trade. Although privately owned, the Dutch East India Company was given authority by the Dutch Government to colonise territories and enslave the Indigenous people as workers. Initially, the Dutch established good relations with the Khoikhoi and San, Indigenous people living in South Africa. Most of the settlers were simply traders, so they never built permanent settlements. Even so, many of the Khoikhoi and San were used as cheap labour, in addition to slaves brought over from India and West Africa. The most immediate result of this settlement was disease and dispossession. The Europeans brought new diseases, such as smallpox and measles, to the Cape causing the deaths of many Indigenous people. Those that remained were enslaved to work as cheap labour. The growing European population also demanded more land for agriculture and development. By the early 1700s , the Khoikhoi had lost most of their land to the Boer settlers.
South Africa - Religion
The xhosa chief, Ngqika, rewarded local missionaries when their applied to these displaced people who settled The relationships among indigenous African leaders
http://countrystudies.us/south-africa/52.htm

Extractions: Religion South Africa Table of Contents Almost all South Africans profess some religious affiliation, according to the official census in 1991. Attitudes toward religion and religious beliefs vary widely, however. The government has actively encouraged specific Christian beliefs during much of the twentieth century, but South Africa has never had an official state religion nor any significant government prohibition regarding religious beliefs. About 80 percent of all South Africans are Christians, and most are Protestants. More than 8 million South Africans are members of African Independent churches, which have at least 4,000 congregations. The denomination generally holds a combination of traditional African and Protestant beliefs. The other large Protestant denomination, the Dutch Reformed Church, has about 4 million members in several branches. Most are whites or people of mixed race. Other Protestant denominations in the mid-1990s include at least 1.8 million Methodists, 1.2 million Anglicans, 800,000 Lutherans, 460,000 Presbyterians, and smaller numbers of Baptists, Congregationalists, Seventh Day Adventists, and members of the Assembly of God and the Apostolic Faith Mission of Southern Africa. More than 2.4 million South Africans are Roman Catholics; about 27,000 are Greek or Russian Orthodox. More than 7,000 are Mormons. Adherents of other world religions include at least 350,000 Hindus, perhaps 400,000 Muslims, more than 100,000 Jews, and smaller numbers of Buddhists, Confucians, and Baha'is.
TDS; Passports, Visas, Travel Documents
descending from the earliest settlers and the indigenous peoples. the same standards of education to all people. Swazi, Tsonga, Tswana, Venda, xhosa, Zulu (all
http://www.traveldocs.com/za/people.htm

Extractions: PEOPLE Education is in a state of flux. Under the apartheid system schools were segregated, and the quantity and quality of education varied significantly across racial groups. Although the laws governing this segregation have been abolished, the long and arduous process of restructuring the country's educational system is just beginning. The challenge is to create a single nondiscriminatory, nonracial system that offers the same standards of education to all people. Nationality: Noun and adjectiveSouth African(s).
Southern Africa
The indigenous people are more closely related to the Melanesians of the western Pacific than they are to the people of xhosa A Bantu people (with some
http://www.hostkingdom.net/soafrica.html

Extractions: S outhern A frica The extreme southern verge of Africa has been a crossroads for a very long time, and its history is quite complex as a result. AMBOHIMANGA A local Kingdom on the island of Madagascar, the core of what became the basis for the more-or-less united Madagascaran state of the 19th century. BOINA A local Kingdom in Madagascar. Andriamandisoarivo (Tsimanata)................. ? -1720 Andrianamboniarivo.........................c. 1720-1730 Andriamahatindriarivo......................c. 1730-1760 Andrianahilitsy............................c. 1760-1767 Andrianiveniarivo.............................1767-1770 Andrianihoatra................................1770-1771
Peoples Page
battle with the colonists and the other indigenous peoples, but the used to describe the Black (Negroid) people of South The most westerly tribe is the xhosa.
http://users.zsd.co.za/~woodworm/peoples.html

Extractions: IN SOUTH AFRICA The peoples of South Africa. Home Page When the first Europeans appeared in southern Africa there were already three groups of indigenous peoples, the Bushmen, the Hottentots and the Bantu. There is ample archeological evidence to prove that other, presently unknown, people preceded these groups. The Bushmen were small of stature and lived by hunting. They did not recognise any grouping bigger than a family. Their language was mainly made up of click sounds. Although there are clear traces of Bushman occupation down to the most southerly areas, by the fifteenth century they were displaced to the north by the Hottentots. The Bushmen, or San as they are now known, have largely died out and the largest number remaining live in the Namibian desert. The Hottentots were, like the Bushmen, a light brown people but more pastoral by nature. They grouped into tribes and kept cattle and sheep. As they occupied the coastal areas at the time all the early contacts with the Europeans were with the Koi, as they are now known. Except for two tribes, the Griquas and the Korannas, the Hottentots are now largely extinct. Their numbers were reduced by battle with the colonists and the other indigenous peoples, but the most important factor was Smallpox, a disease to which they had very little resistance. The word Bantu is a generic term used to describe the Black (Negroid) people of South Africa. Although there are a number of tribes it is again clear that they all came from the north and by the 17th century they had reached the eastern part of the southern coast, perhaps as far as the Fish River. The Bantu also kept large herds of cattle. The most westerly tribe is the Xhosa. Their language contains more clicks than any other Bantu language, evidencing longer contact with the Koi and the San.
Africa Travel Association (ATA) Chapters In South Africa
There are many indigenous people who have lived in South of South africa s 49 million people are Blacks the Nguni, which consist of Zulu, xhosa, Ndebele and
http://www.africa-ata.org/sa_ata_chapters.htm
African Dawn
the Eastern Cape, guiding a group of Rhodes Scholars visiting South africa. telling my guests about the traditions of the indigenous xhosa people, the British
http://www.capetown.at/africandawn/XhosaNews.htm

Extractions: AFRICAN DAWN Insight and Tailored Arrangements for Visitors to Southern Africa African Dawn Newsletter *11 - Mandela's People click here to return to summaries SA Update (March 2003) Stories from Southern Africa: the quarterly newsletter of African Dawn, in conjunction with www.capetown.at Scarborough Daze I was recently travelling near Grahamstown in the Eastern Cape, guiding a group of Rhodes Scholars visiting South Africa. For many miles we had driven under the great dome of the African sky, foreigners in a land of tough khaki-coloured bush that smothers the turned hills and repeats endlessly to the horizon. I was telling my guests about the traditions of the indigenous Xhosa people, the British settlers, colonial frontier wars and the mysterious mass cattle slaughter of 1857 inspired by the child-prophet Nongqawuse. And there, bang on cue, we passed a group of young teenage boys alone in this wilderness, leaning on bowed sticks, wearing nothing but leather hats, brief loin cloths and a thick crust of white clay on their bodies. The strength of the Xhosa and their military power were tested by war, but it was a strange, suicidal frenzy that eventually broke the nation. A young girl called Nongqawuse was gathering water at a stream when she had a vision. She saw two strangers appear among the reeds. They instructed her to carry a message to the people how to save the nation: to win the favour of the ancestors, a sacrifice must be made of all cattle, all stocks of grain must be destroyed and all pots broken. The messengers concluded that by this sacrifice the Xhosa would be reconciled with the spirit world and that on the morning of 17th February 1857 the ancestors would appear with new cattle and overwhelm the British, driving the whites into the sea.
Africa
or Schotia afra. The xhosa are an indigenous people of the Eastern Cape of South africa. Photo courtesy of Teboho Motinyane, 2000.
http://www.forestsandcommunities.org/africa.html
Trans World Radio-Africa
and political effects on the indigenous population, leading to societies and the eventual subjugation of their people. Dutch authority and the xhosa fought the
http://www.twrafrica.org/Wallpaper/south-africa.asp

Extractions: Home Programme Schedules Listeners Letters Technical News ... Order Your Newsletter Is God speaking to you about supporting a Trans World Radio project? Do you know that you can make a difference to someone's life today? Why not involve yourself in a project to purchase wind-up radios for South Africa, pray for the ministry to this country or finance a programme or transmitter for broadcast in this country? The indigenous peoples of modern South Africa established a variety of social and economic structures prior to the arrival of the first Europeans in 1652. Those of the Khoisan language group lived in either small hunting bands or in relatively small chiefdoms of less than 2,000 members. The Bantu-speaking people established a patrilineal political system with administration based on a royal family. In areas where water resources were scarce, their communities remained rather small, but where permanent water sources were bountiful, larger settlements emerged around them. Their economy was mixed with people domesticating cattle and engaging in agriculture.
Alice Mertens
Text Kurt Bauch), 1964 Stellenbosch, 1966 South West africa and its indigenous people (Text Stuart WA de Klerk), 1975 Die Xosas The xhosa (Text Fergus
http://www.stellenboschwriters.com/mertens.html

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