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Water Polo Olympic History: more detail

An Olympian's oral history: Reginald Harrison, 1928 Olympic Games, water polo by Reginald Harrison, 1988
History of water polo: Water polo, Water polo at the Summer Olympics, FINA World Aquatics Championships, FINA Water Polo World League, FINA Water Polo World Cup, Water polo ball
An Olympian's oral history: F. Calvert Strong, 1932 Olympic Games, water polo by F. Calvert Strong, 1988
An Olympian's oral history: Frank C. Graham, 1932 & 1936 Olympic Games, water polo by Frank C Graham, 1988
An Olympian's oral history: Charles H. McCallister, 1932 & 1936 Olympic Games, water polo by Charles H McCallister, 1988
An Olympian's oral history: Herbert H. Wildman, 1932 & 1936 Olympic Games, water polo by Herbert H Wildman, 1988
Swimming Against Stereotype: The Story of a Twentieth Century Jewish Athlete by Helen Epstein, 2006-06-23

lists with details

WashingtonPost.com: The History Water Polo
Go to water polo Section. The history water polo. By 1900, water polo was so popularit became the first team sport added to the olympic program.
http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/sports/olympics/longterm/waterlo/history.ht

Extractions: Go to Water Polo Section There is little documentation as to the origins of water polo. It is known, however, that the sport originated in the rivers and lakes of mid-19th century England as an aquatic version of rugby football. Early games used an inflated, vulcanized rubber ball imported from India known as a "pulu" (the single Indian word for all "balls"). Pronounced "polo" by the English, both the ball and thegame became known as "water polo." To attract more spectators to swimming exhibitions, the London Swimming Association developed a set of water polo rules for indoor swimming pools in 1870. At first, players scored by planting the ball on the end of the pool with both hands. A favorite trick of the players was to place the five-to-nine inch rubber ball inside their swimming suit and dive under the murky water, then appear again as near the goal as possible. If the player came up too near the goal, he was promptly jumped on by the goalie, who was permitted to stand on the pool deck. Games were often nothing more than gang fights in the water as players ignored the ball, preferring underwater wrestling matches that usually ended with one man floating to the surface unconscious. The introduction of the "Trudgeon stroke" by Scottish players changed the nature of water polo. It became a game that emphasized swimming, speed and passing. Scottish rules moved from a rugby variant to a soccer style of play. Goals became a cage of l0 x 3 feet and a goal could be scored by being thrown. Players could only be tackled when they "held" the ball and the ball could no longer be taken under water. The small rubber ball was replaced by a leather soccer ball.
Malta Olympic Committee - History
history. a great supporter and admirer of the Maltese water polo teams, first thoughtof the idea of sending a water polo team to the Paris 1924 olympic games
http://www.nocmalta.org/kom_history.htm

Extractions: News Calendar Newsletter Merchandise ... Athens 2004 Programme History Preparations are now well in hand for the tenth edition of the Games to be held in Malta again in 2003. Malta hosted twice the annual Seminar for Secretaries General for the European Olympic Committees, in 1988 the 9th edition and in April 2000 for the 21st edition, which has grown to include the Chefs de Mission of the European teams.
History
A Brief history of water polo. The origins of the sport of water polo are unknown. waterpolo was introduced in the olympic Games for the first time in 1900
http://clubs.asua.arizona.edu/~polo/History.html

Extractions: The origins of the sport of water polo are unknown. The form of the game which we know and love today had its birth in a form of rugby football played in rivers and lakes. The object of this game was to carry the ball to the opponent's side without losing possession of the ball. In 1870, the London Swimming Club developed rules for football to be played in the pool. The first official game played under these rules was played in the Crystal Palace Plunge in London. The modern cage appeared in Scotland in 1880, along with additional rules and a soccer style leather ball. The game became popular next in Great Britain and then moved to the US in 1888 when John Robinson, an English swimming instructor, organized a team at the Boston Athletic Association. Early games were played in the English style, but staying true to the American spirit of innovation, American water polo soon developed its own distinct characteristics. "It was a game of close formations and fierce scrimmages and was one of the roughest games ever played. The ball would be taken underwater and held with two hands. Players grabbed each other where they chose, becoming locked in wrestling grips and losing interest in the whereabouts of the ball. It was a survival of the fittest. In many underwater battles, men let go of one another only when one man was no longer able to endure without air. Players
CyberSleuthkids: Sports - Swimming
swimming synchro water polo swimmers water polo aquatic world to Z Swimming historyA brief history of swimming http //olympicusa.org/sports/az_3_34_1.html;
http://cybersleuth-kids.com/sleuth/Sports/Swimming/
Water Polo - Eurosport, All Sports, Live, Results, Standing, Football, Formula 1
WATTS YOU. A brief history. The sport emerged in English seaside resorts as analternative to rugby. water polo became an olympic mainstay in 1900.
http://www.eurosport.com/sport.asp?LangueID=0&SportID=63&StoryID=584626
Sydney 2000 Post Games Report
reality in Sydney, when womens water polo made its olympic debut on The battlesin the pool attracted the most spectators in Australian water polo history.
http://www.gamesinfo.com.au/postgames/en/pg000559.htm

Extractions: 16 September-1 October 2000 It wasnt that long ago that a group of fit young women in swimsuits brandished placards at Sydney airport to lobby for the inclusion of womens water polo in the 2000 Olympic Games. Although water polo was one of the first team events of the modern Olympic Games, introduced in Paris in 1900, at the 1996 Games women were still not eligible to compete. Finally, dedication to their dream saw it become a reality in Sydney, when womens water polo made its Olympic debut on September 16 with a six-nation field. With seven players per side, the aim of water polo is to throw the ball into the opponents goal at the opposite end. But simple it is not, as both male and female players can swim the equivalent of 1500 m in each game, unable to touch the bottom of the pool for a rest. And, in action not always obvious to the referees, underwater cameras in the pool at Sydney gave a perspective of the roughness under the water as players wrestled each other for position and possession. The battles in the pool attracted the most spectators in Australian water polo history. The men played in a 30 m pool and the women in a 25 m pool.
Sydney 2000 Post Games Report
water polo competition was also held to great acclaim, including synchronized divingon its program for the first time in olympic history CLIVE BRUNSKILL
http://www.gamesinfo.com.au/postgames/en/pg000182.htm

Extractions: Contents Next Chapter First Page Previous Page ... Last Page For water polo it was an Olympic Games of contrasts with the men celebrating 100 years of Olympic Games competition and the women making their debut. The standard was excellent in terms of athlete performance, technology, field of play equipment and presentation, officials and sport volunteers. The custom-built equipment for the field of play was extremely successful and very popular with athletes and officials alike. The colours and general presentation of the equipment was also extremely well received by the host broadcaster and the spectators. The highlight from an Australian perspective was the outstanding performances by the Australian womens team, culminating in a gold medal after a thrilling last second goal in front of 17 000 spectators. Every session was sold out except for 150 and 200 seats in the first two sessions at the Ryde Aquatic Leisure Centre. The SIAC, venue for all aquatics disciplines, was purpose built for the Sydney 2000 Olympic Games and was located at Sydney Olympic Park (SOP) adjacent to the Olympic Village. SOP is serviced by the Olympic rail and bus system. It is 19 km west of Sydneys city centre and a 45-minute drive from Sydney Airport. SIAC was ready for use by 1994 and has since hosted numerous competitions including the Australian Championships in swimming, diving and water polo, and International Swimming Federation (FINA) World Cup events.
History Of Women's Water Polo
history of Women s water polo in the USA BACK TO 2004 B. Handley, coach of the WSAand 1904 double olympic gold medallist in swimming and water polo.
http://www.holidaycup.us/history_of_womens_water_polo.htm

Extractions: BACK TO 2004 HOLIDAY CUP HOME PAGE In the United States, the National Women's Lifesaving League formed a swimming and water polo league in 1911 in the New York Metropolitan area. Among the leading advocates of the League were Hall of Famers Charlotte Epstein, founder of the Women's Swimming Association (WSA) and L. de. B. Handley, coach of the WSA and 1904 double Olympic gold medallist in swimming and water polo. "People think it remarkable that the league turns out so many good long-distance swimmers, but I am inclined to give water polo a large share of the credit for it. Our girls always conclude practice with a game, which frequently lasts an hour or longer, and quite unconsciously they develop water strength and stamina. There is no idling in water polo, it's a case of continuous action, and every swimming muscle is in use from start to finish." The WSA produced the greatest women swimmers of the era and all the greats played water polo in NWLL water polo league, including Hall of Famers Ethelda Bleibtry, Charlotte Boyle, Helen Wainwright and Gertrude Ederle, conquerer of the English Channel. The first women's A.A.U. National Championship was played in 1926 and was won by the Los Angeles Athletic Club. The sport looked to have a promising future, but after the 1931 Championship, the men of the AAU decided that the sport was too rough for women, and no Nationals were held for 30 years.
Water Polo
The team that scores the most goals wins the match. The Hungarian national team hasleft its mark in the history of olympic water polo with seven gold medals.
http://www.ana.gr/olympics/English/pages/OlympicSports/WaterPolo.html

Extractions: History Olympic Venues Olympic Sports Greece Today ... Information Water Polo Indoor Outdoor Discontinued Olympic Sports One of the toughest and most demanding team sports, Water Polo first appeared in the mid-19 th century in England. One of the older Olympic team sports (first appearing in Paris in 1900 for men), together with Soccer, Water Polo owes its name to its similarities with polo, played on horseback, which is widely popular in England and its former overseas colonies. Women made their first Olympic appearance in 2000 at the Sydney Games. Seven players from each team are in the pool (30m X 20m for men, 25m X 17m for women) - six main players and one goalkeeper per side - whose aim is to beat the goalkeeper guarding the opposing team's goalpost and shoot the ball over the imaginary goal-line to score a goal. Players maneuver the ball, keeping it above the water, or remain immobile while passing the ball in the air. It is forbidden for players to hold on to the ball with both hands or strike it with a fist (except for the goalkeeper), in a matter of 35 seconds, which is the time allowed for an "offense". A match consists of four periods (or 'quarters') lasting seven minutes of actual playing time, with two-minute breaks between periods. The team that scores the most goals wins the match. The Hungarian national team has left its mark in the history of Olympic water polo with seven gold medals. Hugarian Dezso Gyarmati, Yugoslav goalkeeper Milorad Krivokapic and Spaniard Manuel Estiarte are only a few of the legendary figures of the sport in the past two decades.
History Of Water Polo
THE SPORTS. history of Swimming water polo Content by Andrew Oon. water polo madeits olympic debut in 1900 and has remained an olympic sport ever since.
http://www.penangswimming.com/main/sports/sub_sport_waterpolo.html

Extractions: Content by Andrew Oon Water Polo was adapted to swimming pools in 1870 by the London Swimming Club, and the first official game was played at the Crystal Palace Plunge in London. The game became a version of rugby on water, based more on brute strength than athletic skill. A common trick players used then was to place the small ball in their oversized swimming trunks and swim underwater towards the goal, where they would score by using both hands to place the ball on the pool's deck. By 1880, the modern version of the sport began to evolve in Scotland. Rule changes included scoring on a net 10 feet long by three feet high (roughly three-metres by one-metre), and using a leather ball similar to the size hand - rules that still apply today. The Scottish rules were adopted throughout Great Britain, and then the game spread beyond the island. Nations like Hungary, Belgium, Austria, Germany and France, began playing the sport by the late 1800s. By 1889, America was introduced to the sport by an English swimming instructor, John Robinson. Water polo made its Olympic debut in 1900 and has remained an Olympic sport ever since. Great Britain won gold at four of the first five Games. The only hiccup was in 1904, when the US won. The Americans also won silver and bronze because they were the only country to enter teams. Other nations refused to play with the soft, under-inflated ball that was common in American competition.
WATER POLO IN GREECE
6 2 0 4 4051 4 4. olympic NICE 6 The site of the ?European water polo Final Fourto be played For the first time in their history RN FLORENTIA (ITA) won
http://users.forthnet.gr/ath/babis/
SPORTS FACTS - Water Polo - Olympic Medallists
Tony Hinchliffe s Sports Facts history water polo olympic Medallists.
http://sportsfacts.net/history/water_polo/olympics/water_polo_olympic_medallists
SPORTS FACTS - Water Polo History Index
Tony Hinchliffe s Sports Facts water polo history Index. WORLDCHAMPIONSHIPS World Champions Men Women. olympic GAMES
http://sportsfacts.net/history/water_polo/water_polo_history_index.html
Kiat.net: Olympic Games Athens 1896
suggested that Athens should become the permanent home of the olympic Games, but TennisDoubles won by team of Germany Great Britain ** No Diving/water polo.
http://www.kiat.net/olympics/history/01athens.html

Extractions: GAMES OF THE Ist OLYMPIAD April 6 - 15, 1896 Mascot - none 14 countries, 311 athletes - 230 Greek (no women) 9 sports, 43 events Opening - King George Ist of Greece Torch lit by - none Assigned during the 1st IOC Session 1894 Standing proud: Spyridon Louis, the first and symbolic marathon champion of the modern Olympic era. The modest shepherd was revered in Greece, and went on to feature as flag-bearer to the Greek delegation in 1936. THE RENAISSANCE OF THE OLYMPIC GAMES The first Session of the IOC was held in Paris on 23-24 June 1894. It was during the first Session that the city of Athens was selected for the Games of the I Olympiad. The inauguration of the first Games of the modern era, opened by King George I at the foot of the Acropolis on April 5, 1896, was a huge relief for baron Pierre de Coubertin. Greece's instability and economic stature, due to numerous conflicts, proved almost insurmountable obstacles. However, a wealthy Greek architect from Alexandria, George Averoff, donated a gift of one million drachma and in a matter of 18 months a superb white marble stadium, able to hold 60,000 people, was constructed. Baron de Coubertin's dream of reinventing the Games was one he had coveted since 1892 - two years later the official announcement was made and Athens chosen as the site. Baron Pierre de Coubertin invited countries from all over the world to attend the first of the new Olympics in Athens.
ATHENS 2004
the first time in olympic Games history, all Aquatics Centre of the Athens olympicSports Complex programme, followed by Diving, water polo and Synchronised
http://swimmerfadi.jeeran.com/page_athens2004.html
History
A Brief history! 1956 Sydney Redwood, daughter of olympic swimmer Edna Hughes,broke the 1958 Gordon Brownjohn played water polo for Great Britain in the
http://www.walsallswimmingclub.co.uk/html/history.html

Extractions: Midland Evening News stated that Teddy Gilbert was the most popular athlete in Walsall. He was Captain of the Water Polo team for ten years and also during that period he won all Staffordshire and Club Swimming championships. He was an international Water Polo player. The Club staged the 500 yards Championship of the World. Out of four entrants the winner was Taylor of Chadderton, second was Zachar of Hungary and third was Radmilovic of Weston-Super-Mare.
Summer - Atlanta 1996mint Olympic Ticket Weightlifting
of ran for history. The other c final 400 the most shorter, dave of the usa olympicinclude frank ticket stub. 14 Unused tickets 1996 Olympics water polo.
http://www.1boomersplace.com/page/crs28-2850-atlanta/1996mint/olympic/ticket/wei

Extractions: Winter Please check auctions. Thanks. In the ( is an In one track and 6, 1972 1972 olympics, wottle, and Good luck! meters between a september meter races steve prefontaine out my viren, gammoudi, the 1972 l olympic history. greatest 5000 pre were bedford, and field team exciting in in olympic ) this auction for olympics athletics the u.S. steve prefontaine. Members of ran for history. The other c final 400 the most shorter, dave of the usa olympic include: frank ticket stub. would reserve tickets from all together. water polo every 100 water polo one of variety. They to an the official Or. shipping. I us. Extra All the present it with an unused tickets: tickets are printed on a rare for admission. these tickets 14 athletes to different sessions 1996 olympics them. The the words were reserved event one meant the are from An athlete the 1996 on each for shipping complete with for the of these within the summer olympics. printed. These of 14 the game. events. 14 and then full and golden hologram that for "accreditation required" for international this is 1.50 different unused These tickets use at a collection tickets which I estimate tickets have tickets made ticket. These buyer pays accept checks, id card ... tickets were are accreditation tickets are
Water Polo -- Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Online Article
total of 11 medals in his three olympic appearances polo (USWP) National governingbody for water polo in the of upcoming events, rules, and the history of the
http://www.britannica.com/ebc/article?eu=407709
Summer Olympics 2000 Olympic History -- Track And Field
Schedule Fan Guide history US Roster. olympic history Track and field MEN,WOMEN. Field Hockey, Triathlon. Handball, water polo. Judo/Taekwondo, Weightlifting.
http://espn.go.com/oly/summer00/trackfield/s/almanac.html
Swimming
history The first olympic Games of the Modern era had by the 1952 olympic Games everyolympic record had coming under Swimming are diving, water polo which was
http://www.olympics.org.uk/sports/summer/swimming.asp

Extractions: There are strict rules governing the four strokes of Swimming (backstroke, breaststroke, butterfly and freestyle) pertaining to leg and arm movements, starts and turns as well as the length of time swimmers can remain under water. For all Swimming events, competitors take part in heats, with the fastest eight going through to the final. The fastest four swimmers in the final are placed in the middle four lanes, which has a slight advantage of having less water turbulence. Electronic touch pads are used at each end of the pool to time the competitors.

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