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Water Polo Olympic History:     more detail

An Olympian's oral history: Reginald Harrison, 1928 Olympic Games, water polo by Reginald Harrison, 1988 History of water polo: Water polo, Water polo at the Summer Olympics, FINA World Aquatics Championships, FINA Water Polo World League, FINA Water Polo World Cup, Water polo ball An Olympian's oral history: F. Calvert Strong, 1932 Olympic Games, water polo by F. Calvert Strong, 1988 An Olympian's oral history: Frank C. Graham, 1932 & 1936 Olympic Games, water polo by Frank C Graham, 1988 An Olympian's oral history: Charles H. McCallister, 1932 & 1936 Olympic Games, water polo by Charles H McCallister, 1988 An Olympian's oral history: Herbert H. Wildman, 1932 & 1936 Olympic Games, water polo by Herbert H Wildman, 1988 Swimming Against Stereotype: The Story of a Twentieth Century Jewish Athlete by Helen Epstein, 2006-06-23

lists with details

1. International Institute For Sport And Olympic History
   HOW TO DONATE to the water polo ENDOWMENT water polo COLLECTION. ~. InternationalInstitute for Sport and olympic history Library and Museum. CASH DONATIONS  
   http://www.harveyabramsbooks.com/501c3donatewaterpolo.html
   
   Extractions: Library and Museum The IISOH is seeking $1 million (one million Dollars) from a benefactor in order to establish an endowment for the sport of WATER POLO. This is a naming opportunity for the benefactor to have a perpetual identification with the sport of WATER POLO . The endowment would be named by the benefactor with the approval of the IISOH Board of Directors. The endowment becomes a permanent trust fund invested by the Institute with only the quarterly earned interest being used for development of the WATER POLO collections in both the Library and Museum.

2. Water Polo Guide - History Index
   history of water polo. The history of Womens water polo The Evolution of Womens water polo. Although women's water polo has not yet gained olympic status, women compete at the  
   http://www.h2opolo.com/pologuide/history(w).html
   
   Extractions: An Impressive, Recent History Women's water polo owes much of its early development to the Dutch. In 1906, the first women's game was played in Harlem, Holland. American women's early interest in the sport proved to be short-lived. Following the Los Angeles Athletic Club's victory at the 1926 Nationals, the sport was considered too brutal and barbaric for women. The women's nationals were discontinued for the next 35 years. Rose Mary Dawson, coach of the Ann Arbor (Mich.) Swim Club, revived the sport in the early 1960s. Led by goalie Micki King, Dawson's teams captured the rejuvenated Nationals in 1961-63. King would later seek international fame as an Olympic gold medalist in diving. Coach Vaune Kadlubek reviews strategy with Team USA women. Athletes in other aquatic sports, such as King, were beginning to see the benefits of playing the game to supplement their training. The Santa Clara Swim Club captured the indoor national titles behind the efforts of Pokey Watson Richardson and Claudia Kolb Thomas, both Olympic gold medalists in swimming. Led by Olympic swimmers Deena Deardurff and Jenny Kemp, the Cincinnati Marlins won the indoor title in 1974. In 1978, the U.S, Australia, Canada, Germany and the Netherlands were invited to compete in exhibition matches at the World Championships in West Berlin. The U.S. won the bronze medal.

3. Water Polo Guide - History Index
   The history of Mens water By 1900, water polo was so popular it became the firstteam sport added to the olympic program. At the 1904 olympics in St.  
   http://www.h2opolo.com/pologuide/history(m).html
   
   Extractions: Origins and Early Rules There is little documentation as to the origins of water polo. It is known, however, that the sport originated in the rivers and lakes of mid-19th century England as an aquatic version of rugby football. Early games used an inflated, vulcanized rubber ball imported from India known as a "pulu" (the single Indian word for all "balls"). Pronounced "polo" by the English, both the ball and the game became known as "water polo." To attract more spectators to swimming exhibitions, the London Swimming Association developed a set of water polo rules for indoor swimming pools in 1870. First published illustration of an American water polo game At first, players scored by planting the ball on the end of the pool with both hands. A favorite trick of the players was to place the five-to-nine inch rubber ball inside their swimming suit and dive under the murky water, then appear again as near the goal as possible. If the player came up too near the goal, he was promptly jumped on by the goalie, who was permitted to stand on the pool deck. Games were often nothing more than gang fights in the water as players ignored the ball, preferring underwater wrestling matches that usually ended with one man floating to the surface unconscious.

4. International Institute For Sport And Olympic History
   Volleyball; water polo; water Skiing (see water sports); water skin diving, scubadiving, surfing, water skiing Weight Training Bodybuilding; Winter olympic Games;  
   http://www.harveyabramsbooks.com/501c3subjects.html
   
   Extractions: Additional subjects may be added at any time by the Board of Directors or suggested by Benefactors. Subjects in BOLD are on the program of the Modern Olympic Games and are the primary areas of interest in seeking endowments. Some subjects have links to a more detailed page on that subject to give you more information. Adapted physical education Air Sports Alpine skiing (see skiing) Ancient / Antiquities (Greece, Rome, etc) Aquatics (see Water sports) Archery Architecture (sports stadiums and facilities) Arts (see Sport in Art: coins, medals, posters) Association football (see soccer) Athletic injuries (see sports medicine) Backgammon Baseball Badminton Basketball Biathlon Bibliography Bicycling (see cycling Billiards Biomechanics Blacks in Sport Canoeing, Rowing, Yachting Bobsleigh (see Winter Sports) Bowling Boxing Business (see Sport and Business) Canoeing Cars and car racing (See Automobiles) Cards Checkers Cheerleading Chess Children and Physical Education Coaching (19th century) College Athletics Cricket Croquet Curling Cycling Dance Diving (See Dressage (See Equestrian Sports Drugs and sport (See Sports medicine) Equestrian Sports Exercise Facilities (see sports stadiums and facilities) Falconry Fencing Field Hockey Figure skating (see Skating) Fitness (See Physical Fitness) Football (American) Football (British, see Soccer)

5. Usawaterpolo.com - History
   water polo. history of women's water polo in the United States. olympic GAMES. history of Team USA in the olympic Games. United States Olympians 19041996. USA water polo  
   http://www.usawaterpolo.com/history

6. HickokSports.com - History - Water Polo
   This document is a history of water polo, with a list of olympic andUS national championship teams. It is a page in the history  
   http://www.hickoksports.com/history/watrpolo.shtml
   
   Extractions: Alpha Index Index by Sport History Bits Forum ... Search Table of Contents As swimming became a popular recreation in England during the 1860s and 1870s, several water sports developed, roughly patterned after land sports. Among them were water football (or soccer), water rugby, water handball, and water polo, in which players rode on floating barrels, painted to look like horses, and struck the ball with a stick. Water rugby became the most popular of these sports, but somehow the water polo name became attached to it, and it's been attached ever since. As played in England, the object of the game was for a player to touch the ball, with both hands, at the goal end of the pool. The goaltender stood on the pool deck, ready to dive on any opponent who was about to score. Water polo quickly became a very rough sport, filled with underwater fights away from the ball, and it wasn't unusual for players to pass out for lack of air. In 1877, the sport was tamed in Scotland by the addition of goalposts. The Scots also replaced the original small, hard rubber ball with a soccer ball and adopted rules that prohibited taking the ball under the surface or "tackling" a player unless he had the ball.

7. World Wide Aquatics Catalog: Water Polo Links
   Visit WorldWideAquatics.com water polo for links to tips, articles, sites, organizations, clubs, teams and groups Collegiate water polo. Southwest Zone water polo. US water polo Message Board. history of water polo and Listing of Coaching water polo. Site for 4 time US olympic Coach, M  
   http://www.worldwideaquatics.com/pololinks.htm

8. Lane 9 News Archive: U.S. Olympic Water Polo News & Notes
   Taking a Ryde Into history The first venue to host womens olympic water polo will be the Ryde who have helped elevate womens water polo to where it is today  
   http://www.swiminfo.com/lane9/news/1773.asp
   
   Extractions: Sydney, Australia—The sands in the quadrennial hourglass have almost finished sifting. In just one week, thousands of athletes from all over the world will take to the fields, courts, pools, ranges, mats, and tracks of Sydney to pursue excellence in sport’s most coveted competition…the Olympic Games. The XXVIIth Olympiad is nearly upon us, and the U.S. is ready to play. Both the men’s and women’s team will be competing for the Stars and Stripes in the Land Down Under in 2000. Men’s water polo, the oldest team sport in the Olympic Games, last captured gold in 1904, but has since racked up two silver and three bronze. This year, coach John Vargas looks to lead his squad, which he refers to as “the most physically talented team” in recent U.S. history, to the medals ceremonies with the first water polo gold of the new millennium. For the women, this will be their first dive into the Olympic mix. Prior to July, the U.S. was referred to as a “last ditch qualifier” with little chance of competing with top teams like Australia and Holland. After winning the Holiday Cup with a victory over Canada back on July 9, Team USA eradicated its prior billing and propelled them into the gold medal mentionables file.

9. CNNSI.com - Olympic Sports - U.S. Olympic Women's Water Polo Team - Thursday Sep
   Position Playmaker olympic history Competing in her first olympics. AccomplishmentsSixtime World MVP and five-time US water polo Female Athlete of the Year  
   http://www.cnnsi.com/olympics/news/2000/07/25/usteam_waterpolo_women/

10. Olympic Sports History - Water Polo
    olympic water polo history read the unique history of water polo and allthe events as an olympics sport. olympic Sports history. water polo.  
    http://www.athenshousing.com/olympicshistory/OlympicSports/water_polo.html
    
    Extractions: Home Check Availability Browse Accommodations Buy Olympic Event Tickets ... Submit A Special Request Olympic Sports History As swimming became a popular recreation in England during the 1860s and 1870s, several water sports developed, roughly patterned after land sports. Among them were water football (or soccer), water rugby, water handball, and water polo, in which players rode on floating barrels, painted to look like horses, and struck the ball with a stick. Water rugby became the most popular of these sports, but somehow the water polo name became attached to it, and it's been attached ever since. As played in England, the object of the game was for a player to touch the ball, with both hands, at the goal end of the pool. The goaltender stood on the pool deck, ready to dive on any opponent who was about to score. Water polo quickly became a very rough sport, filled with underwater fights away from the ball, and it wasn't unusual for players to pass out for lack of air. In 1877, the sport was tamed in Scotland by the addition of goalposts. The Scots also replaced the original small, hard rubber ball with a soccer ball and adopted rules that prohibited taking the ball under the surface or "tackling" a player unless he had the ball. The Scottish game, which emphasized swimming speed, passing, and team work, spread to England during the early 1880s, to Hungary in 1889, to Austria and Germany in 1894, to France in 1895, and to Belgium in 1900.

11. Stoneridge Water Polo > History > Ervin Zador And The 1956 Olympics
    water polo Politics. A bloody war that spilled into the pool. In 1956, the 16th Olympiad was scheduled to begin in November in Melbourne, Australia. water polo duel between Hungary and the Soviet Union at the 1956 Melbourne olympics in Australia has since become one of the most legendary in olympic history  
    http://www.stoneridgewaterpolo.com/history
    
    Extractions: Stoneridge Water Polo > History > Ervin Zador and the 1956 Olympics In 1956, the 16th Olympiad was scheduled to begin in November in Melbourne, Australia. At this time, the world was deeply embroiled in the Cold War and, as had become customary, the political war was about to spill over into the Olympics. In Hungary, Soviet tanks and troops were in the midst of ruthlessly suppressing a popular, democratic uprising that had begun in late October 1956. Predating the Prague Spring by nearly a decade, this was the first time an Eastern Bloc country had tried to throw off the yoke of Soviet control. For two weeks Hungary was free, then the bloodshed began as the Soviet Red Army rolled back into Budapest. Students and everyday citizens were mercilessly gunned down in the streets. Thousands more were imprisoned and executed in the following months. The world watched traumatized and paralyzed. An international powerhouse, Hungary's water polo team was defending Gold Medal champions with a mix of seasoned veterans and rising stars like Ervin Zador considered by many to be one of the best players in the world at age 21. In the midst of the revolution and only days before the Olympics were to begin, the Hungarian water polo players had been spirited out of the country by their Soviet handlers. Many on the team, fearing this could be the last time they might see certain friends and family, risked furtive farewells with their loved ones the night before their sudden departure. The team arrived in Melbourne a week later to hear Western media reports of savage brutality and murder by the Red Army in the streets of Budapest. The Hungarians began the defense of their Olympic title with the hopes and pride of an anguished country riding on their shoulders.

12. Olympic Sports History - Diving
    olympic Sports history. Aquatic Championships in 1973, along with swimming, diving,and water polo. Sports Act of 1978, which mandated that olympic sports must  
    http://www.athenshousing.com/olympicshistory/OlympicSports/synchronized_swimming
    
    Extractions: Home Check Availability Browse Accommodations Buy Olympic Event Tickets ... Submit A Special Request Olympic Sports History SYNCHRONIZED SWIMMING The great Australian swimmer, Annette Kellerman, planted the first seed of what was to become synchronized swimming when she performed "water ballet" in a glass tank at the New York Hippodrome in 1907. Katherine "Kay" Curtis didn't see the performance, but she may well have been inspired by newspaper accounts. As a student at the University of Wisconsin in 1915, Curtis began experimenting with underwater swimming stunts. The following year, she was instrumental in having synchronized swimming added to the school's physical education program for women. Curtis moved on to the University of Chicago, where she founded a water ballet club in 1923. Sixty of her swimmers, known as the "Modern Mermaids," performed at the 1934 Century of Progress World's Fair in Chicago, attracting national and international publicity. The sport quickly became popular among young women in the Chicago area and Curtis developed rules for competition, based essentially on the scoring methods used in gymnastics, diving, and figure skating. The first recorded competition was held May 27, 1939, between Chicago Teacher's College, coached by Curtis, and Wright Junior College, also in Chicago.

13. Southwest Water Polo - - Water Polo In The Southwest United States
    What is water polo? water polo history. Your Account USA Men To Be Featured On NBCs U.S. olympic Gold. March 18. USA water polo Referee Clinic A Success  
    http://www.southwestwaterpolo.com/

14. History Of USA Water Polo In The Olympic Games
    of becoming the first olympic team sport. The 1900 olympic water polotournament attracted little interest in the United States.  
    http://www.usawaterpolo.com/~uswpstaff/mediaguide/history/paris.html
    
    Extractions: Olympiad II took place in Paris, France, in 1900, and water polo had become so popular that it earned the distinction of becoming the first Olympic team sport. The 1900 Olympic water polo tournament attracted little interest in the United States. A trip to Paris would be expensive and because the English rules were used, our team would be forced to play a very different game. Nations did not compete against one another in those early games. Countries were, instead, respresented by private clubs. The nationality of club members was of little importance. An interesting example is Andre Roosevelt, Theodore Roosevelt's cousin. Andre, a water polo player for the New York Athletic Club, was living in Paris at the time of the 1900 Games and he won a gold medal playing soccer for a French club team. Ironically, though the United States was not represented by a water polo team in the 1900 Olympics, we were represented by a water polo player.

15. History Of USA Water Polo In The Olympic Games
    United States The 1964 olympic Trials which most closely contested qualificationtournament in history. The AAU water polo Committee (perhaps remembering 1956  
    http://www.usawaterpolo.com/~uswpstaff/mediaguide/history/tokyo.html
    
    Extractions: The 1964 Olympic Trials which were held again in Astoria, Queens, New York, proved to be the most closely contested qualification tournament in history. On the last day of the trials, Inland Nu-Pike, the City of Commerce and El Segundo, had identical won-loss records. The AAU Water Polo Committee (perhaps remembering 1956) ordered a playoff. This complicated matters because the swimming trials were scheduled to begin the following day. The water polo games were consequently moved from the main pool to the diving well. World record holder Roy Saari of El Segundo was also competing in the swim trials and literally jumped from one pool to the other. Although the round-robin again ended in a tie and though they lost twice in the tournament to Inland Nu-Pike, El Segundo ended up the winner on goal difference.

16. Olympic Preview: Water Polo
    water polo. First olympic Appearance 1900. by John Gettings. Although it looksa lot like a waterlogged version of soccer for your hands, the sport s history  
    http://www.infoplease.com/spot/ol-waterpolo.html
    
    Extractions: Water Polo First Olympic Appearance: 1900 by John Gettings Although it looks a lot like a waterlogged version of soccer for your hands, the sport's history owes more to the game of rugby. Created by resort owners in England in the mid-1800s, the sport's brutal beginnings in the rivers and lakes of the U.K. were tamed by rule changes by the end of the century, causing its popularity to soar. Although men's water polo has the distinction of being the first team sport added to the Olympics and has been a part of every Summer Games since , women's water polo made its first appearance in 2000. The game's rules and strategy for men and women are very similar to those of soccer. Here are some interesting exceptions:

17. Water Polo – News Reports, Sydney Results, Ancient Origins, Olympic History, At
    olympic history. waterpolo and football were the first two team sports to be playedat the olympic Games, neither Early winners the British waterpolo team.  
    http://www.times-olympics.co.uk/communities/waterpolo/waterpolohistory.html
    
    Extractions: OLYMPIC HISTORY Waterpolo and football were the first two team sports to be played at the Olympic Games, neither sport dating back to ancient times. They were introduced at the second modern Olympiad and have had a place at the Games ever since. Early winners: the British water-polo team Britain won four out of the first five titles but long ago slipped back into the second or third leagues in world terms. From 1932 until 1956, Hungary took four out of five titles and remains a medal-winning force alongside its arch-enemy Russia, Italy, Croatia (Yugoslavia as was) and Spain. Ervin Zardor, one of the Hungarian team, said after the match with Russia: "We felt we were playing not just for ourselves but for every Hungarian. This game was the only way we could fight back." Hungary, with six titles, have been the most successful water polo nation at the Games, its dominance helping to ensure that Britain's early successes make it the second most-titled nation in a game in which it no longer makes the grade. Italy has three titles to its credit, while Spain is defending champion.

18. Australian Water Polo News
    was later to be known as water polo, although this atop barrels and truly resembledthe sport of polo. longeststanding team sport in the olympic Games, being  
    http://www.waterpoloaus.asn.au/info/Info1999/Info05/History.htm
    
    Extractions: INFORMATION History of Water Polo in Australia As far back as 1876, a Scotsman named William Wilson devised the first rules for a game played between teams in the water. The first games were held in England as a reaction to the public's boredom with the swimming carnivals of the time. The game was later to be known as WATER POLO, although this name is a misnomer, being stolen from a game which preceded it. That game was played atop barrels and truly resembled the sport of polo. Although very rough in the early days until the late 1960s, the game now is an energetic sport which emphasises swimming ability and ball skill over toughness. It is played by both men and women and is the longest-standing team sport in the Olympic Games, being introduced in Paris in 1900. The sport is governed by FINA, the world swimming body, and is played in more than 100 countries. The Sport The sport is the most physically demanding of all team games, requiring top performers to cover up to three kilometres in the pool during the one hour it takes to complete a game. This exertion is quite apart from the physical contact, both above and below the surface of the water that players must endure. Despite this, the sport is almost totally devoid of injury from personal contact and generally speaking is played in the spirit demanded by the stringent rules.

19. Australian Water Polo News
    INFORMATION. history of international water polo. water polo becomes the first teamsport to be entered into the Modern olympic Games using the American rules  
    http://www.waterpoloaus.asn.au/info/Info1999/Info05/IntHistory.htm
    
    Extractions: INFORMATION History of international Water Polo Why the sport's founding fathers adopted the term polo for the name of this aquatic sport has been lost in the mists of time. Anyone who has played Water Polo for any length of time is used to the question "Do the horses ever drown?" Water Polo was invented in England specifically for the purpose of attracting spectators to swimming competitions: Committee members of the London Swimming Club laid down the first written rules with the aim of making the game cleaner and more free flowing. Originally, teams consisted of 3 players. The first official match took place at Crystal Palace. Water Polo caught the attention of media with a game organised by the Bournemouth Premier Rowing Club, when although the ball burst during the match, the players continued to play. Goals were marked by four flags tied 50 yards apart with goals being scored by placing the ball onto floating platforms. English Amateur Swimming Association sanctioned the sport and created a stricter set of rules.

20. Missouri Water Polo -- History
    A Short history of St. Louis water polo By Wally Lundt. The game of water polo receivedworldwide sanction as an olympic event at the 1904 World’s Fair here  
    http://www.mowaterpolo.com/mohistory.html
    
    Extractions: The game of Water Polo received world-wide sanction as an Olympic event at the 1904 World’s Fair here in St. Louis. This combination of a World’s Fair and the Olympics drew athletes from around the world who came to participate in the usual Olympic individual events. Water Polo was the first team sport ever played in the Olympics. It was played in a muddy lagoon in Forest Park with an under-inflated, soft ball which could be submerged by a player and then moved underwater. There were few rules and the game was so rough that all European teams boycotted the event. European Water Polo was brought to St. Louis by Carl O. Bauer from Germany when he became Athletic Director of the Missouri Athletic Club in the 1920’s. In 1927 when the Meramec River Patrol was formed by Carl Bauer and Commodore Flint of the American Red Cross, Water polo was used as a conditioning activity for this organization dedicated to rescuing swimmers who were in trouble on our nearby rivers. Most Missouri Athletic Club players were members of the Meramec River Patrol. Carl Bauer and the MAC hosted the 1946 Olympic Water Polo Trials in St. Louis at Marquette pool in south St. Louis. The St. Louis team came in second. First place went to the Olympic Club from San Francisco, California.

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