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Sea Otters:     more books (100)

California Sea Otter Trade, 1784-1848 (reprint of 1941 edition) by Adele Ogden, 1975-12 Sea Otters (Zoobooks Series) by Beth Wagner Brust, 2000-06 Otter in the Cove. by Miska Miles, 1974-05 Sea Otters (Naturebooks) by Peter Murray, 2001-01 Sea Otter by Julian May, 1980-03 Sea Otters (Jane Goodall's Animal World) by Ruth Ashby, 1990-03 On the Swirl of the Tide (Wild Lives : Otters) by Bridget MacCaskill, Don MacCaskill, 2001-08-29 Seldovia Sam and the Sea Otter Rescue by Susan Woodward Springer, 2003-08-01 Sea Otter, River Otter (The Wonder Series) by Sandra Chisholm Robinson, 1993-05-01 Sea Otter Inlet by Celia Godkin, 2001-04-18 Sea Otters and the China Trade, by Robert Kingery. Buell, 1968-06 "Sea Otter" and the geese.: An article from: Endangered Species Update by Bruce Woods, 2004-04-01 Handbook of Marine Mammals - Vol 1: The Walrus, Sea Lions, Fur Seals and Sea Otter The California Sea Otter: Saved or Doomed? by John Woolfenden, 1985-05

lists with details

41. Sea Otter
    Sea Otter, Sea Otter Enhydra lutris. sea otters are propelled throughthe water using their long, welldefined flipper-like hind feet.  
    http://www.yptenc.org.uk/docs/factsheets/animal_facts/sea_otter.html
    
    Extractions: Sea Otter Sea Otter: Enhydra lutris Distribution: Coastal waters of California, Western Alaska, the Commander and Kurile Islands, north of Japan. Habitat: Kelp Beds Size: Up to 5 feet long, including a 1 foot long tail. Weighs up to 100lb. Gestation: 8-9 months. Sexually mature at 3 years, mating can take place all year round. Diet: Sea urchins, crabs, abalones and other shellfish, also fish and octopus. The sea otter is an almost exclusively marine animal, spending little time ashore. Its fur is thick and glossy and ranges in colour from black to dark brown, with some white tipped hairs. The large, blunt head, throat and chest are all creamy white. Its ears are almost hidden in its fur and its eyes are small. Sea otters are propelled through the water using their long, well-defined flipper-like hind feet. The forelegs are comparatively small, with five-fingered forepaws, which are used to grasp shell fish and other prey. The sea otter is the only carnivore to have four incisor teeth in its lower jaw. These are used to break open the shells of crabs, sea urchins and other shellfish.

42. Monterey Bay Whale Watch - Sea Otters
    Monterey Bay Whale Watch sea otters. Click on small picture below to see full-sizephoto (size 21K). sea otters of Monterey Bay. Marine Life sea otters.  
    http://www.montereybaywhalewatch.com/otters.htm
    
    Extractions: Click on small picture below to see full-size photo (size 21K). Sea otters are a common sight along the Monterey coast as they inhabit the nearshore kelp forests. The otters, which were once nearly hunted to extinction, now number just over 2,000 individuals. Sea otters are easily observed on all Monterey Bay Whale Watch trips as they rest within the kelp or feed near the kelp on seastars, crabs, urchins, and abalone. After the otters capture a prey item, they bring it to the surface, place it on their belly while floating on their back, and crack it open with their powerful teeth. Otters have very dense fur, with up to a million hairs per square inch. This keeps them warm along with the insulating air bubbles they blow into their fur. Therefore, otters could easily be threatened by any type of oil spill which could foul their fur. Besides spending a portion of the day grooming, otters divide their time into feeding and resting. Otters usually rest by rolling within the surface kelp until their bodies are wrapped in it. The kelp is anchored to the rocky bottom and by staying with the kelp, the otters will not drift to sea while sleeping. During mating or courting bouts, a male and female otter will pair up and remain together for several days. During mating, the male grabs onto the female's nose to stabilize himself. The result leaves female otters with red wounds or scars on their noses. This is really the only way to distinguish males from females.

43. Sea-otter
    sea otters are members of the weasel family, with large eyes and thick, dark brownfur. Killer whales normally don t eat sea otters because they are too small.  
    http://www.biologicaldiversity.org/swcbd/species/otter/
    
    Extractions: Your browser does not support script Mother and pup A beautiful animal… Sea otters are members of the weasel family, with large eyes and thick, dark brown fur. Their rich pelt has up to a million hairs per square inch which substitutes for blubber to keep them warm in cold water. Among the very few marine mammals known to use tools, they break open clams and abalone with stones to get at the meat inside. These intelligent animals live in shallow water and prefer kelp forests, sometimes anchoring themselves in one place by wrapping strands of kelp around their bodies while they rest. Urchin Bed - Sea otters prey on sea urchins, keeping their populations in balance. Sea otters are a keystone species in the kelp forest ecosystem, eating sea urchins, clams, snails, sea stars, squid, octopuses and abalone. When present in healthy numbers, they keep sea urchin populations in check. When sea otters decline, however, urchin numbers explode—as does their grazing pressure on bull kelp. The urchins chew off the attachments keeping bull kelp in place, causing them to die and float away. This decimates kelp beds and sets off a chain reaction that depletes the food supply for other marine animals and in turn causes their decline.

44. CNN.com - Alaska Sea Otters' Disappearance A Mystery - Feb. 4, 2004
    http://cnn.com/2004/TECH/science/02/04/otter.mystery.reut/index.html
    
    Extractions: International Edition MEMBER SERVICES The Web CNN.com Home Page World U.S. Weather ... Special Reports SERVICES Video E-mail Services CNNtoGO Contact Us SEARCH Web CNN.com Otters eat sea urchins, which feed on kelp. Without the otters to control urchin populations, scientists note that kelp is disappearing. Story Tools RELATED Aleutian otters take a nosedive Report: Ancient fishing linked to modern crisis At Sea Processors Association Center for Biological Diversity YOUR E-MAIL ALERTS U.S. Geological Survey U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Environmental Issues Animals or Create your own Manage alerts What is this? ANCHORAGE, Alaska (Reuters) - When Russian explorers first saw sea otters bobbing in the waters off Alaska's Aleutian Islands in the mid-18th century, they knew they had discovered a money maker. The otters' fur "is so far superior in length, beauty, blackness and gloss of hair to the river otters' pelts that these can scarcely be compared to it," wrote German naturalist Georg Steller, who accompanied legendary mariner Vitus Bering on his Alaska expeditions. Russian and American hunters later wiped out nearly all of Alaska's sea otters, whose luxurious fur became known as "soft gold." The otters were saved from extinction after a 1911 treaty banned the commercial hunt.

45. Sea Otter Physical Appearance
    sea otters are the smallest marine mammals. sea otters are members of the weaselor Mustelidae family and are closely related to the mink and river otters.  
    http://www.nceas.ucsb.edu/nceas-web/kids/mmp/otter_physical.htm
    
    Extractions: Sea otters are the smallest marine mammals. Sea otters are members of the weasel or Mustelidae family and are closely related to the mink and river otters. Since otters spend most of their time in the water, their hind feet are webbed and adapted for swimming. Their front feet have short toes used to grab and handle food. Sea otters are very clumsy on land and can usually seen only a few meters from the water. Length and Weight : Adult male sea otters weigh 70-90 pounds with some individuals reaching 100 pounds. Adult female sea otters weigh approximately 40-60 pounds. Adults grow to be about 4.5 feet. Fur : A sea otters fur is the thickest and finest of any mammal. They have 850,000 to 1,000,000 hairs per square inch consisting of two layers, an undercoat and longer guard hairs. The sea otter uses air trapped between their hairs to keep it insulated in cold waters. If the hair gets soiled with substances such as oil, insulation is lost and the sea otter has trouble maintaining body heat. For this reason, sea otters spend much of their time grooming themselves in order to keep their fur in good condition. Color : A sea otter's undercoat ranges from brown to almost black in color. Guard hairs may be silver, pale brown or black. Older otters tend to have a silvery head.

46. Sea Otter
    Sea Otter. 14-5.) Both river and sea otters are a rich brown color, but thehead and neck of the sea otter are a tawny yellowish or grayish color.  
    http://www.bell.lib.umn.edu/Products/SeaOtter.html
    
    Extractions: T he sea otter, Enhydra lutris, is about three feet long, with a tail that adds approximately one more foot to its length. In shape it is like a river otter, which is slightly smaller in body but has a longer tail. Both animals have webbed feet, though the back feet of the sea otter are enormous by comparison, which is important for its life in the ocean. Before intense hunting the sea otter spent part of its life on land, but that behavior was changed so that it rarely is seen ashore, a case where humans altered the behavior of an animal in a drastic way. (1. Peter Matthiessen, Wildlife in America A Field Guide to the Mammals of all North American species found North of Mexico . 3rd edition. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company, 1976. pp. 60-63; plate 5). A Field Guide to the Mammals Ibid. , p. 63). These three sentences by William H. Burt and Richard P. Grossenheider summarize the past and present of this animal which escaped extinction only by accident. What happened? promyshlenniki ) came to eastern Siberia in the mid-seventeenth century in their pursuit of sable, the trade in sea otter already existed. The Russian hunters sent the sable, fox, squirrel, etc. back to western Russia where it was traded to western Europe. They hunted along the rivers, trading with and taking tribute from the local inhabitants, in a system of trade dominated by forts erected at key points along the river systems. The weapons of the

47. CNN.com - Alaska Sea Otters' Disappearance A Mystery - Feb. 4, 2004
    ANCHORAGE, Alaska (Reuters) When Russian explorers first saw sea otters bobbingin the waters off Alaska s Aleutian Islands in the mid-18th century, they  
    http://www.cnn.com/2004/TECH/science/02/04/otter.mystery.reut/
    
    Extractions: International Edition MEMBER SERVICES The Web CNN.com Home Page World U.S. Weather ... Special Reports SERVICES Video E-mail Services CNNtoGO Contact Us SEARCH Web CNN.com Otters eat sea urchins, which feed on kelp. Without the otters to control urchin populations, scientists note that kelp is disappearing. Story Tools RELATED Aleutian otters take a nosedive Report: Ancient fishing linked to modern crisis At Sea Processors Association Center for Biological Diversity YOUR E-MAIL ALERTS U.S. Geological Survey U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Environmental Issues Animals or Create your own Manage alerts What is this? ANCHORAGE, Alaska (Reuters) - When Russian explorers first saw sea otters bobbing in the waters off Alaska's Aleutian Islands in the mid-18th century, they knew they had discovered a money maker. The otters' fur "is so far superior in length, beauty, blackness and gloss of hair to the river otters' pelts that these can scarcely be compared to it," wrote German naturalist Georg Steller, who accompanied legendary mariner Vitus Bering on his Alaska expeditions. Russian and American hunters later wiped out nearly all of Alaska's sea otters, whose luxurious fur became known as "soft gold." The otters were saved from extinction after a 1911 treaty banned the commercial hunt.

48. >>amy's Sea Otter Page<<
    Information on a number of lutrine species. Includes pictures as well as habitat and behavior information concerning sea otters, Enhydra lutris.  
    http://www.geocities.com/whatever98103/

49. CNN - California Sea Otters Dropping In Number - August 22, 1999
    California sea otters dropping in number. Aquariums like the Long jeopardytoo. We use the coastline as much as the sea otters. And we  
    http://www.cnn.com/NATURE/9908/22/endangered.otter/
    
    Extractions: Web posted at: 10:13 p.m. EDT (0213 GMT) From Correspondent Mark Bernheimer LOS ANGELES, California (CNN) Intelligent and playful, the California sea otter is a curiosity to scientists as well as the general public. But the elusive animal is becoming more difficult to find in the wild. While their cousins in Washington, Alaska and Canada are thriving, the number of California sea otters has declined 12 percent since 1995, with just over 2,000 remaining. The rapid drop has prompted scientists to scramble for solutions, but they can't fix the problem until they understand exactly what is causing it. All they have so far are possibilities. "Disease, contaminants, starvation and entanglement or entrapment in coastal fishing gear," offers Carl Benz of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.

50. Sea Otters
    sea otters. Why Are They Endangered? They found the Sea Otter when somemen were down on the beach and the sea otters were in a bed of kelp.  
    http://www.tgmag.ca/envbrain/seaotter.html
    
    Extractions: The U.S.A., Russia, Japan, and Great Britain decided in 1911 that they would no longer hunt seals or Sea Otters. By that time, everybody thought the Sea Otter was extinct, but, there were a few hidden in the Bays and coves of the Aleutian Islands. Where they live: The Sea Otter lives in the Pacific Ocean. They dwell near the Western shores and the United States. Sea Otters seldom leave the water. Food: Sea Otters eat a fifth of their own body weight. They eat octopus, fish, jelly fish, clams, crabs, sea urchins, mussels, abalones and squid. To break open their food they either use rocks or bang them against each other. Sea Otters dive 180 feet for their food and can stay under water for 4 minutes to catch their food.

51. The Kenai Peninsula's Coastal Sea Otters
    The coastal waters around the Kenai Peninsula contain abundant numbersof sea otters and it seems the population is continuing to expand.  
    http://alaskaoutdoorjournal.com/Wildlife/kpotters.html
    
    Extractions: by Klondike Kid The cutest of all saltwater wildlife has to be the sea otter. Its whiskery "old man" look and innocence make it a mammal that everyone loves to view. The coastal areas surrounding the Kenai Peninsula support large numbers of sea otters as well as populations of seals and sea lions. Otters are frequent visitors to kelp patches where much of their primary food sources occur. Seals and sea lions feed in more open waters primarily for herring and other bait fish but best viewing is along rocky shorelines where they haul out to sunbathe. Shore-based Viewing Although viewing from shore is somewhat limited there are a few locations which will give you an opportunity to view and photograph these creatures. If you are in Homer , I have always encountered a sea otter or two swimming just off the beach at the end of the Homer Spit around Land's End Resort. This area provides no protection for them so the ones that frequent this location are passing through during their feeding. Its a waiting game but you won't be bored. The view of the bay, glaciers, mountains and the procession of sport and commercial fishing boats is breath-taking. If you are in Seward , you will have excellent opportunities to view sea lions and sea otters right in town near the Small Boat Harbor. A large number of

52. ENN News Story - Alaska Sea Otters' Disappearance A Mystery
    When Russian explorers first saw sea otters bobbing in the waters off Alaska s AleutianIslands in the mid18th century, they knew they had discovered a money  
    http://www.enn.com/news/2004-02-05/s_12792.asp
    
    Extractions: Site Index: Home News ENN Earthnews Affiliates News In-Depth Topics Interact Online Quizzes Postcards Marketplace Business Center Store Advanced Search Advertise Join ENN e-mail Subscription Take our Survey Affiliate Tech Center Post Press Release Help About ENN Site Map Alaska sea otters' disappearance a mystery The otters' fur "is so far superior in length, beauty, blackness, and gloss of hair to the river otters' pelts that these can scarcely be compared to it," wrote German naturalist Georg Steller, who accompanied legendary mariner Vitus Bering on his Alaska expeditions. Russian and American hunters later wiped out nearly all of Alaska's sea otters, whose luxurious fur became known as "soft gold." The otters were saved from extinction after a 1911 treaty banned the commercial hunt. But sea otters are once again vanishing from Alaska's 1,000-mile Aleutian chain and other parts of southwestern Alaska. This time, there is no obvious explanation. Alaska's sea otter population numbered 100,000 to 137,000 in the 1980s, with its core in the Aleutians and western Alaska. But numbers fell 70 percent from 1992 to 2000, according to the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Some Aleutian populations are down to just a few thousand, about 5 percent of 1980s' levels, the agency said. Their disappearance could cause wider ecological harm by upsetting the food chain in the icy coastal waters. Otters eat sea urchins, which feed on kelp. Without the otters to control urchin populations, undersea kelp forests are being mowed down, scientists warn.

53. Balance Sought In Sea Otter Conflict - 3/24/1999 - ENN News - Environmental News
    What s more important to the coastal ecosystem, sea otters or shellfish? What smore important to the coastal ecosystem, sea otters or shellfish?  
    http://www.enn.com/news/enn-stories/1999/03/032499/otters_2297.asp
    
    Extractions: Site Index: Home News ENN Earthnews Affiliates News In-Depth Topics Interact Online Quizzes Postcards Marketplace Business Center Store Advanced Search Advertise Join ENN e-mail Subscription Take our Survey Affiliate Tech Center Post Press Release Help About ENN Site Map Balance sought in sea otter conflict Wednesday, March 24, 1999 Lacking blubber, sea otters consume 25 percent or more of their body weight in shellfish meat daily. What's more important to the coastal ecosystem, sea otters or shellfish? And is it possible for them both to coexist? These are the questions California marine officials are currently debating. Because sea otters have the capacity to practically decimate shellfish populations, California fishing groups are concerned that the shellfish industry, worth more than $100 million, may be at risk from these fuzzy creatures. They are appealing to the California Fish and Game Commission and state to take an active role in finding a solution to the mushrooming conflict between shellfish resources, fisheries and sea otters. The 2,000 sea otters living in California, are listed as "threatened" under the Endangered Species Act. In 1986, a zonal management system that designated sea otter protection zones and otter-free shellfishing areas was established by Congress. It was suggestion by the Marine Mammal Commission and followed more than 20 years of controversy and debate. The legislation intended both to foster California sea otter recovery and protect valuable southern California shellfish resources from otter predation.

54. Sea Otters
    sea otters. Enhydra lutris These sea otters were photographed in the harborat Seward, Alaska. I am captivated by their faces and behavior.  
    http://www.barbarajordan.com/otter.html

55. How To Catch Sea Otters.
    How to hunt sea otters, 1835. From FP Wrangles report on the ethnographyof the Northwest Coast, circa 1835. How to catch sea otters.  
    http://www.hallman.org/indian/otter.html
    
    Extractions: From F.P. Wrangles report on the ethnography of the Northwest Coast, circa 1835 The whole company camps at a spot along the coast where it is thought that sea otter are to be found, and awaits good weather and a calm sea. When these conditions arrive, they sail 40 versts [a measure of distance] or more from the coast to find a place were observations of those Aleuts who have an instinct for the hunt indicate that the animals are to be found. Having reached the spot, the baidars position themselves in a straight line, leaving about 250 fathoms between each boat, sufficient to be able to see a partially submerged otter; thus, one party of 30 baidars can cover 10-12 versts. If more boats are present, the line stretches even farther. As soon as all the boats are in position, the occupants turn their attention to the surface of the sea around each boat. Nothing escapes the piercing gaze of the Aleut. His skilled eye can recognized the otter in the smallest black tip which surfaces momentarily. The baidar from which the animal was first seen quickly paddles to the spot where it submerged; then, the Aleut sitting in the boat raises his paddle, remaiing motionless in his seat. Immediately, the whole fleet begins to move; the straightline forms a wide circle around the baidar with the raised paddle. The latter now glides to the spot whre he expects his otter to surface, and as soon as the animal appears, the Aleut shoots the arrow which he had been holding ready.

56. CNN - Oil Spill Lessons Offer Hope For Sea Otters - February 18, 1999
    http://www.cnn.com/NATURE/9902/18/sea.otters.enn/index.html
    
    Extractions: Ten years ago, on March 24, 1989, the Exxon Valdez spilled almost 11 million gallons of oil into Price William Sound, killing more than 5,000 sea otters. The spill has been called the largest environmental disaster in recent history but because of it, the United States is now better equipped to handle such a disaster. Research and programs initiated recently by several members of the Alliance of Marine Mammal Parks and Aquariums have focused on providing immediate help during such disasters. "In 1989, the scientific community was completely unprepared to deal with an oil spill of such magnitude. There wasn't even a local veterinarian on site," said Terrie Williams, a comparative physiologist at the University of California, Santa Cruz, and former research committee chair for the alliance. Williams, who helped organize the rescue effort in Prince William Sound, said the result of that experience and the research that followed enables "the marine mammal community to reduce our disaster response time from one week to 48 hours, and allows us to minimize damage to sea otters when crises occur."

57. CBS News | Sea Otters In Peril | May 19, 2003 19:02:21
    sea otters In Peril SACRAMENTO, Calif., May 19, 2003. Heathy Californiasea otter. (Photo otter. We know that the sea otter is in trouble.  
    http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2003/05/19/tech/main554629.shtml

58. CNN - California Sea Otters Dropping In Number - August 22, 1999
    http://www.cnn.com/NATURE/9908/22/endangered.otter/index.html
    
    Extractions: Web posted at: 10:13 p.m. EDT (0213 GMT) From Correspondent Mark Bernheimer LOS ANGELES, California (CNN) Intelligent and playful, the California sea otter is a curiosity to scientists as well as the general public. But the elusive animal is becoming more difficult to find in the wild. While their cousins in Washington, Alaska and Canada are thriving, the number of California sea otters has declined 12 percent since 1995, with just over 2,000 remaining. The rapid drop has prompted scientists to scramble for solutions, but they can't fix the problem until they understand exactly what is causing it. All they have so far are possibilities. "Disease, contaminants, starvation and entanglement or entrapment in coastal fishing gear," offers Carl Benz of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.

59. Sea Otters
    sea otters are the largest member of the weasel family and the smallest marinemammal. Ninety percent of the world’s sea otters live in coastal Alaska.  
    http://alaska.fws.gov/fisheries/mmm/seaotters/otters.htm
    
    Extractions: The Marine Mammal Protection Act protects sea otters. It prohibits commercial harvest of sea otters, and allows Alaska natives to hunt sea otters for subsistence and creation of handicrafts. Historically, sea otter populations made a dramatic comeback after near extinction due to overhunting, and later survived the Exxon Valdez oil spill. Now sea otters face steep declines in southwest Alaska. The population there has been proposed for listing under the Endangered Species Act. See Alaska Issues in-Depth 2004 Sea Otter Background Information for more details about the proposed listing. Update: Feb. 2004

60. Sea Otter
    sea otters. The sea otters enemies are humans who hunt them for their fur, sharks,eagles and whales that catch the baby otters thinking they are seals.  
    http://www.schools.ash.org.au/elanorah/seaotter.htm

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