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Samoa (western) Culture:     more detail

Material Culture of Western Samoa: Persistence and Change. by Roger. Neich, 1985 Material culture of Western Samoa: Persistence and change (National Museum of New Zealand bulletin) by Roger Neich, 1985 Possibilities of fish cultures in ponds in Western Samoa: A report, by H. van Pel, 1954 Western Samoa and American Samoa: History, culture and communication (Pre-print paper series / East-West Communication Institute, East-West Center) by Ruth E Runeborg, 1980 Culture change, stress and mental health in the two Samoas by Scott J Whitney, 1984 Bibliography of Western Polynesia: Fiji, Tonga, and Samoa by Linda Barney-Campbell, 1991 Improving organizational effectiveness of systems for generation, exchange and utilization of agricultural knowledge by George M Beal, 1987

lists with details

41. Pacific Island Books : Samoa
    amongst the lush forests and pictureperfect villages of samoa, Paul paints an ancientbeliefs against modern economic demands and the pull of (western) culture.  
    http://www.pacificislandbooks.com/samoa.htm
    
    Extractions: The Girl in the Moon Circle , like the cover drawing, shows Samoan life through the eyes of a ten-year-old girl called Samoana. Though young, Samoana is perceptive, not much escapes her analysis. She tells us about school, church, friends, family violence, having refrigerators and television for the first time, Chunky cat food, a Made-in-Taiwan Jesus, pay day, cricket, crushes on boys, incest, legends and many other things. Her observations offer a compelling look at Samoan society. Often fiction allows authors to tell truths that otherwise would be too painful; Sia Figiel is uninhibited. Her prose, in English and Samoan, hurtles readers toward the end of the book. Sia Figiel, herself, has mesmerized audiences around the Pacific Islands with readings from The Girl in the Moon Circle.

42. Western Samoa Travel Guide - World66
    (western) samoa is an independent country. American samoa is part of the United States werediscoverd by the same ecplorer Jacon Roggeveen and share one culture.  
    http://www.world66.com/world/australiaandpacific/westernsamoa
    
    Extractions: Western Samoa Sections Maps View Enlargement [edit this] [Change image] [Upload image] The Samoa Islands are located in the Pacific Ocean. Western Samoa is an independent country. American Samoa is part of the United States. Both groups of islands were discoverd by the same ecplorer Jacon Roggeveen and share one culture. The islands of Western Samoa are known for white sand beaches, rugged forested mountains, steep gorges, numerous waterfalls, lava fields, blowholes, dormant volcanoes and coconut plantations. Many many people think of Samoa thanks to the works of the Scottish author Robert L. Stevenson and his book on the "Treasure Island.". Actually Samoa consists of two major islands and seven smaller ones. Upolu is the most densely populated of the two main islands of Samoa. The Capital of Samoa is Apia , which is located in the north. Also the international airport is located here. The other island named Savaii is a fascinating island and the local people live life at an easy and gentle pace. Total land area is 2934 square km. There is an exclusive marine economic zone covering some 130,000 sq km. The islands are volcanic and dominated by rugged mountain ranges with a 4-5 km skirt of gently sloping fertile land to which is attached a fringe of coral reefs and lagoons that surround the islands. Upolu

43. Jasons South Pacific Travel Channel - South Pacific Accommodation & Travel Infor
    culture The cultural foundation of American samoa is Fa’asamoa, meaning the hasenabled the people to absorb the benefits of (western) culture while firmly  
    http://www.pi-travel.co.nz/dest_details.cfm?edid=1846&type=FE&country=pi®ioni

44. Travel To News Samoa Western - Detailed Travel Information And More About News S
    Home. (western) samoa Resorts, http//www.pacificfor-less.com/ samoa - What sNew? … culture Visiting samoa Interactive … samoan/s in the News Fale Tusi  
    http://www.traveling-cheap.com/directory/Samoa/news_samoa_western

45. Bank Of Hawaii - Western Samoa Economic Report - Tourism
    Where (western) samoa goes from here is an issue under discussion in the who believethat mass tourism is detrimental to the traditional culture, are implicitly  
    http://www.boh.com/econ/pacific/ws/13.asp
    
    Extractions: In 1992 tourism was 4 percent of GDP (value added) according to AusAID. In first-half 1996, gross earnings attributed to tourism were 41 million tala according to ANU. At annual rates, tourism's contribution of 82 million tala in 1996 would amount to 19 percent of an estimated 428 million tala GDP. If this projection is fulfilled it will indicate that tourism plays a much greater role in the economy than previously understood. Samoa's main attractions are its scenic landscape, many white sand beaches and the feeling of authentic tropical experience sought by those tourists who go to the more remote Pacific islands. All these attributes notwithstanding, the further development of tourism into a large source of income requires adequate air lift and suitable infrastructure on the ground—hotels, restaurants, sports facilities, cultural exhibits and other forms of entertainment that add to the experience of a vacation trip. Also of critical importance is the hospitality tourists receive. The more popular and lucrative destinations are those that can attract repeat visitors. With Polynesian Airlines' financial problems resolved, the carrier and the Western Samoa Visitor Bureau can now focus on marketing Western Samoa, both as a destination and as a place where overseas investors will find a receptive market to invest in commercial facilities. Air New Zealand, with weekly links to both North America and Europe, also serves Apia, and some of the area's smaller airlines connect Western Samoa to other markets in the area such as Fiji. It is possible that the expansion of tourism elsewhere in the region (the French territories, for instance) will lead to a travel network in which tourist bookings are shared and multi-country visits are promoted, enlarging the Australian and New Zealand markets and opening new ones in Asia, North America and Europe in the years ahead.

46. Bank Of Hawaii - Western Samoa Economic Report - Physical Characteristics
    the cradle of Polynesia and Polynesia at its purest, (western) samoa s lush islands Theseattributes and the traditional (western) samoan culture can make  
    http://www.boh.com/econ/pacific/ws/04.asp
    
    Extractions: Part of a small group of islands just east of the international dateline, the independent state of Western Samoa consists of two main islands and seven smaller ones. Together these total 1,150 square miles of land (2,934 sq km) concentrated almost entirely in the islands of Savaii with 700 square miles of land (1,820 sq km), and Upolu with 430 square miles (1,100 sq km). Only two of the seven smaller islands and islets are inhabited. Because the country's land area is small and the islands are close together, Western Samoa's exclusive economic zone is the smallest in the South Pacific, roughly 45,000 miles square (116,500 sq km). Apia, the capital, is located about half way up the north coast of Upolu, lying 2,800 miles (4,500 km) east of Sydney, Australia, 1,500 miles ( 2,400 km) north of New Zealand and 80 miles (130 km) northwest of American Samoa. The high volcanic islands of the Samoas have rugged interiors mostly covered with dense rain forests. Some volcanic peaks on Upolu rise to more than 3,600 feet (1,100 meters) and Savaii's Mt. Silisili rises to well over 6,000 feet (1,860 meters). About 40 percent of Upolu and 50 percent of Savaii are characterized by steep slopes descending from volcanic crests, and flat land, mainly along the coasts, is in relatively short supply. In relation to its population, however, Western Samoa has considerable land area that can be used for growing crops and raising livestock. Subsistence agriculture remains the economic mainstay.

47. ASSAILED BY THE CYCLONE: NI 222 - Country Profile: Western Samoa
    with a lowkey, laid-back tourism industry, (western) samoa depends on based, hierarchicalstructures in nearby Fiji, fuelling samoa’s long culture Polynesian.  
    http://www.newint.org/issue222/profile.htm
    
    Extractions: issue 222 - August 1991 Western Samoa enjoys a relaxed Polynesian lifestyle - albeit not exactly the ‘free love’ nirvana portrayed by anthropologist Margaret Mead - which conceals its earlier fate as a victim of colonial chaos, extravagant even by exotic South Pacific standards. Predominantly Protestant missions were established in the last century, before traders arrived. Then the arrival of traders, chiefly British, German and American, in stem competition coincided with a recurrence of traditional tribal conflicts. The traders persuaded their respective consuls to side with different high chiefs, and in 1889 seven warships from three navies lay anchored in the harbour of the capital, Apia. Six were sunk or damaged in a cyclone, epitomising the apparently providential nature of the cause of a free Samoa. Finally, though, Germany annexed the west, the USA the east (still a US territory), and Britain sailed away - leaving the writer R. L. Stevenson, who had migrated there for his health and is buried on a hill overlooking Apia bay. New Zealand took Western Samoa at the outbreak of World War One. Samoan nationalism was most strongly manifested in the Mau movement in the 1920s, finally violently suppressed. The country became independent in January 1962, since when it has been ruled by its

48. Stabilizing Indigenous Languages: American Samoa Language Arts
    finding missions were conducted in the independent state of (western) samoa, whichat are slowly giving preference to samoan Language Arts and culture (Gagana ma  
    http://www.ncela.gwu.edu/pubs/stabilize/additional/samoa.htm
    
    Extractions: As early as 1965, the Samoan Director of Education mandated Samoan be taught to levels 1-4 in public schools. The concern at that time was the apparent deterioration of some of the basic Samoan courtesies expected from students. It should have started in Early Childhood Education, but the thought was nevertheless important in later thought about the place of Samoan in the Department of Education's Language planning. At about this time, television was a medium of instruction in public schools, and it was a convenient method for the non-Samoans in particular. The course included reading and writing. During the 1970s, levels 7 and 8 were added. The high school program included Samoan as an elective. In the latter half of the 70s, the government of American Samoa through the Department of Education (DOE) launched a very aggressive bilingual program in public school s with federal funding. Much of the funding was used for developing instructional materials, training personnel, and providing workshops. Some of the workshops and fact finding missions were conducted in the independent state of Western Samoa, which at that time had a very strong program going in all public schools from kindergarten through high school. Toward the end of the 1970s, the Samoan Studies section of the Department of Curriculum and Instruction (DCI) was developing a separate Samoan curriculum to be offered to Levels 1-12. By the mid-80s, the DCI began to shift its focus from bilingual programs to development of monolingual programs in Samoan for all levels. This section of the DCI has at this time changed its name to Samoan Studies. An ambiguity in the latter title as well as the nature of the instructional materials thus far developed are slowly giving preference to Samoan Language Arts and Culture (Gagana ma Aga a Samoa) as a more appropriate title.

49. AsiaSource: AsiaLINKS - A Resource Of The Asia Society
    A Country Study Guide A review of the culture, government and people of this Americanterritory, this book provides a wealth of knowledge about (western) samoa.  
    http://www.asiasource.org/links/al_mp_08_country.cfm?countryid=44

50. Samoan Notes
    A 1972 film celebrating the 10th anniversary of (western) Samoan independence. The filmSamoa I Sisfo. etic, emic. What changes in Samoan culture did you observe?  
    http://oregonstate.edu/instruction/anth210/samoa.html
    
    Extractions: Samoa in 1970s ... 1962 - Western Samoan independence 1972 - Samoa I Sisifo, celebrating tenth anniversary of independence To Topics Elements of circuitry and Samoa values economy social networks community governance Coming of Age Coming of Age - Topics Mead's background fieldwork objectives nature/nurture debate audience for her work Coming of Age - Questions What was Mead's social network for her work in Samoa? Where did Mead do major fieldwork?

51. Search: Western Samoa - MetaCrawler
    Introduction. Late in 1968 I went to (western) samoa to spend a year there photographingthe people and their culture and doing anthropological research.  
    http://search.metacrawler.com/crawler?general=Western Samoa

52. Gay Culture In Samoa
    In the October 2001 issue of the British Gay Times there is an articleabout Gay culture in (western) samoa. It also talked about  
    http://www.polyutopia.com/forum/messages/80.html
    
    Extractions: : In the October 2001 issue of the British Gay Times there is an article about Gay Culture in Western Samoa. : It also talked about this years "Tuti Fruti" contest and winner. This magazine is available @ Borders, but I'm sure that other major book store carry it was well. : Not sure if they have an archive, but here is a link to their Web-site... : J Optional Link URL:

53. Re: Gay Culture In Samoa
    In the October 2001 issue of the British Gay Times there is an articleabout Gay culture in (western) samoa. It also talked about  
    http://www.polyutopia.com/forum/messages/236.html
    
    Extractions: Follow Ups Post Followup polyutopia.com Forum FAQ Posted by Coy Turner (66.185.236.40) on June 13, 2002 at 11:50:34: In Reply to: Gay Culture in Samoa posted by J on November 12, 2001 at 08:42:26: : In the October 2001 issue of the British Gay Times there is an article about Gay Culture in Western Samoa. : : In the October 2001 issue of the British Gay Times there is an article about Gay Culture in Western Samoa. : : It also talked about this years "Tuti Fruti" contest and winner. This magazine is available @ Borders, but I'm sure that other major book store carry it was well. : : Not sure if they have an archive, but here is a link to their Web-site... : : J Optional Link URL:

54. Compare Prices And Read Reviews On American Samoa At Epinions.com
    American samoa was a great place to spend part of my formative childhood years I hadthe unique opportunity to experience how a non(western) culture behaved and  
    http://www.epinions.com/trvl-review-1AD4-5887526-37E6CAF0-bd3
    
    Extractions: Two mainland pilots are landing a 747 at the island's airport (notorious for it's short runway). As the plane makes a very abrupt landing, throwing it's passengers forward against their seatbelts, the pilot looks out the window and says to his co-pilot, "Boy is that short runway." The co-pilot looks left and then right and say's "Yeah, it sure is wide, too." Samoans are very friendly people. During rainy days (often) the men often gathered in a muddy field to play a version of American football called Samoan football. The rules are pretty much the same, except throw in a torrential downpour, plenty of very large Samoan men, and 4-10 inches of mud and water. Fun for the whole family.

55. Western Samoa Quick Facts & Practical Information - Islands Escapes Downunder An
    3,000 years ago and are accepted as the heart of the Polynesian culture. CLIMATEWestern samoa has a tropical climate with temperatures ranging from 2230  
    http://www.goway.com/downunder/samoa/samoa_facts.html
    
    Extractions: Home Company Destinations Search ... Travel Agents The Way To Go Since 1970! Updates every weekday! Islands Escapes Cook Islands Fiji Hawaii ... Downunder GENERAL INFORMATION Things to know before you go TRAVEL IDEAS Aggie Grey's 4 days REFER THIS SITE Fun Fact The famous Scottish writer Robert Louis Stevenson brought his family to live on Upolu in 1890 and built a large home in the foothills above Apia, where he spent the last five years of his life. He was affectionately known as 'Tusitala', the storyteller, and he is buried on the crest of Mt Vaea. His home and tomb within the Robert Louis Stevenson Memorial Reserve can still be seen today. THINGS TO KNOW BEFORE YOU GO! MAJOR CENTRES Although Savaii is the largest island of the Samoan archipelago, the capital Apia is on the more populated island of Upolu, which is also the seat of government and centre of commerce. Savaii is considerably less developed than Upolu, dotted with secluded beaches and crowned in the centre by the 609ft Mt Matavanu, whose eruptions in 1905 caused the people to migrate to neighbouring Upolu. THE PEOPLE Samoans are the largest group of full blooded Polynesians in the world and have retained much of their ancient tradition and culture. Traditional tattooing is an intricate ancient art of Samoa and young Samoan males are tattooed with complex symbolic designs, from the lower chest to the knees. Samoan (Polynesian) is the native language, however English is widely spoken and is the official language.

56. UO World Music & Dance Videos
    1/2 in. SUMMARY Presents the culture of (western) samoa, a group of islands inthe South Pacific Ocean. VIDEOTAPE 02167. Solomon Islands. Are are music.  
    http://libweb.uoregon.edu/music/worldvidpac.html
    
    Extractions: The Pacific Islands These videotapes and videodiscs of musics and dance of the world's peoples are available in the University of Oregon Knight Library's Video Collection. Videos by Country: General Pacific Island Videos Cook Islands Hawaii Papua New Guinea ... Tonga Festival of Pacific dances. Suva, Fiji : USP Media Centre, University of the South Pacific, 1995. 5 videocassettes (225 min.) : sd., col. ; 1/2 in. VHS format (PAL standard) VIDEOTAPE 03005 Fifth Festival of Pacific Arts : the Melanesians. [Honolulu] : Na Maka o ka Aina, [1988] 1 videocassette (59 min.) : sd., col. ; 1/2 in. VHS format. SUMMARY: Dance and music performances of participants representing Fiji, Vanuatu, New Caledonia and Papua New Guinea at the 5th Festival of Pacific Arts held in Townsville, N. Queensland, Australia. Chang. CONTENTS: [Tape 1] Solomon Islands Student Association [tape 2] Kiribati Students Association [tape 3] Rabi Students Association [tape 4] Rotuman Students Association [tape 5] Niue Students Association. SUMMARY: Various student associations of the University of the South Pacific perform traditional dances, accompanied by drums and singing.

57. SAMOA @ Mail Order America
    Pacific GenWeb samoa Genealogy and local history for (western) samoa and American samoa- A business directory containing news, culture and religion  
    http://www.mailorderamerica.com/samoa.htm
    
    Extractions: SAMOA @ Mail Order America Click here for advertising information! home Aggie Grey's Hotel - The legend, facilities, online reservations, wedding packages, and scenic tours. American Samoa Book - Offering a book for sale that is presented and promoted by the American Samoan Government and staff member/author, Rob Shaffer. Asco Motors C.C.K Trading Ltd - Retailers of local products such as clothing, jewelry, hair products and shoes. Also exports Kava and Noni. ChooHoo - Contains a brief history of Samoa and some useful local information. Computer Services Ltd - Supplies computer hardware, software, and training. Eight Years of Trouble in Samoa - Robert Louis Stevenson's account of local and international rivalry in Samoa in the 1880s and early 1890s that left the country a divided protectorate. Fellowship of Samoa Specialists - a group of avid collectors of Samoan stamps and postal history, was founded in 1979. Today this group has members in a dozen countries who share their knowledge through The Samoa Express, their quarterly newsletter. Jane's Samoa - Detailed information on Samoa including historical images, culture, history, geography, mythology, people, lifestyle and extensive postcards and picture galleries.

58. Adherents.com: By Location
    Christianity, samoa, (western), 156,800, 98.00%, , -, 1998, Gall, Timothy L.(ed). Worldmark Encyclopedia of culture Daily Life Vol. 3 - Asia Oceania.  
    http://www.adherents.com/adhloc/Wh_293.html
    
    Extractions: Notes Catholic Samoa, Western 1997 Britannica Book of the Year . Pg. 781-783. Catholic Samoa, Western *LINK* Nazarene web site: Nazarene World Mission Society; (major source: Johnstone's Operation World Table "Religions " Christianity Samoa, Western *LINK* CIA World Factbook web site (viewed Aug. 1998) Total population: 219,509; Note: other estimates as low as 162,000. Religions: Christian 99.7% (about one-half of pop. associated with the London Missionary Society; incl. Congregational, Roman Catholic, Methodist, Latter-Day Saint, Seventh-Day Adventist) Christianity Samoa, Western Gall, Timothy L. (ed). . Cleveland, OH: Eastword Publications Development (1998), pg. 665. "The population of Western Samoa is estimated at around 160,000 people... "; "Christianity is the dominant, if not the only, religion practiced in Western Samoa. Ninety-eight percent of Samoans are professed Christians. Western Samoans are extremely proud of their devotion to the Christian faith and their adherence to its practices. Several Christian denominations, including the Methodists, Seventh Day Adventists, Catholics, and Mormons coexist within Samoan villages. "

59. Adherents.com: By Location
    1998, Gall, Timothy L. (ed). Worldmark Encyclopedia of culture Daily Life BahaiFaith, samoa, (western), , 2.00%, -, -, 1998, *LINK* Nazarene web site Nazarene World  
    http://www.adherents.com/adhloc/Wh_292.html
    
    Extractions: unit *LINK* Jehovah's Witnesses official web site; section: "Statistics "; web page: "Worldwide Report " (viewed 16 April 1999). Table: "1998 Report of Jehovah's Witnesses Worldwide "; This adherent/member count is for "1998 Peak Witnesses " Jehovah's Witnesses - Memorial attendance Saint Pierre and Miquelon

60. BIM
    Translate this page Indigenous Peoples), Kultur (culture), Tonga (Tonga), Kulturelle Rechte (CulturalRights), Multikulturalismus (Multiculturalism), West-samoa ((western) samoa),.  
    http://www.humanrights.at/bimlibrary/liste.asp?ID=789&feld=stw&tab=bim_stw

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