Ancient Roman Emporers ANCIENT roman EMPORERS. Agustus (27 BC - 14 AD) Agustus' first step was to repair the bitter wounds of civil war. Senate and the roman people." This action marking the empire's frontiers . http://www.crystalinks.com/romemperors.html
Extractions: Agustus - (27 BC - 14 AD) Agustus' first step was to repair the bitter wounds of civil war. On January 13 of 27 BC, Octavian, in his own words, "transferred the Republic from my own power to the authority of the Senate and the Roman people." This action showed shrewd political planning, as Augustus used it purely for public show. The Senate awarded him the name of Augustus, and mobs demanded that he retain power. Augustus carefully retained the titles of traditional offices to disguise his absolute power. He kept only the offices of consul and proconsul and claimed that he held no more power than his colleagues. Some Romans complained that the loss of liberty was too great a price to pay for peace, but most recognized that under the so-called liberty of the Roman Republic, a few hundred men had divided the spoils of empire while the workers and the provincials suffered. The majority of Romans welcomed the peace and stability of the Augustan Age. The rule of Augustus brought social stability, economic revival, and efficient administration to Rome, but it was unable to ensure the future. Augustus seemingly owed his power to the Senate and Roman people; in fact, his power came from his personal authority, and there was a real possibility his death might trigger a renewed civil war. For decades, Augustus watched his chosen successors die until only his stepson, Tiberius, remained. His selection of an heir outside of his immediate bloodline set the precedent for the future; struggles for power once fought on the battlefield were now waged in the imperial palace.
Kooks And Quacks Of The Roman Empire: A Look Into The World Of The Gospels We all have read the tales told of Jesus in the gospels, but few people really have a good idea of their context. Yet it is quite enlightening to examine them against the background of the time http://www.infidels.org/library/modern/richard_carrier/kooks.html
Extractions: PAID ADVERTISEMENTS Kooks and Quacks of the Roman Empire: a look into the world of the gospels (1997) Richard Carrier We all have read the tales told of Jesus in the gospels, but few people really have a good idea of their context. Yet it is quite enlightening to examine them against the background of the time and place in which they were written, and my goal here is to help you do just that. There is abundant evidence that these were times replete with kooks and quacks of all varieties, from sincere lunatics to ingenious frauds, even innocent men mistaken for divine, and there was no end to the fools and loons who would follow and praise them. Placed in this context, the gospels no longer seem to be so remarkable, and this leads us to an important fact: when the gospels were written, skeptics and informed or critical minds were a tiny minority. Although the gullible, the credulous, and those ready to believe or exaggerate stories of the supernatural are still abundant today, they were vastly more common in antiquity, and taken far more seriously. The Minor Evidence: Messiahs and Miracles Galore Even in Acts, we get an idea of just how gullible people could be. Surviving a snake bite was evidently enough for the inhabitants of Malta to believe that Paul himself was a god (28:6). And Paul and his comrade Barnabas had to go to some lengths to convince the Lycaonians of Lystra that they were not deities for the locals immediately sought to sacrifice to them as manifestations of Hermes and Zeus, simply because a man with bad feet stood up (14:8-18). These stories show how ready people were to believe that gods can take on human form and walk among them, and that a simple show was sufficient to convince them that mere men were such divine beings. And this evidence is in the bible itself.
Enemies Of The Roman Empire: The Goths And Later Germanic Invaders The most famous and effective of these was Flavius in 533 and reclaimed Africa forthe emperor Justinian. to the farce that the Western roman empire had become http://myron.sjsu.edu/romeweb/enemies/art17.htm
Extractions: Contents Previous Article Next Article Little is known about the early history of the Goths before they came into contact with the Romans. What little evidence we have indicates that they probably came from Scandinavia. In the first millennium B. C., they crossed the Baltic Sea and migrated into Northeastern Europe in the area occupied by Poland today. Later, they moved again and made their home in the area north of the Black Sea. Nobody knows for sure what caused these migrations but they became known as the Wanderings of the Peoples. Anthropologists speculate that changes in climate caused the land to produce less food and forage for animals during this period and the excess population had to look for new homes. The Roman historian Tacitus describes the Germans, of whom the Goths are a group, as a people with nomadic lifestyle and a love for warfare. They looked down on farming as a way of life and actually considered the hardworking farmer lazy because he was not willing to make a living by warfare and plunder. According to Tacitus, the Germans considered laziness to be "acquiring by honest toil that which you might procure by the shedding of blood". It is interesting to note that racism was just as much a part of the human experience 1900 years ago as it is today. In this case, it was a short, olive skinned people who were the dominant culture and the tall blond and redheaded people were considered brutish, ugly and oversized, lacking in intelligence, difficult to civilize, and overly fond of warfare, murder, and pillaging. In spite of his comments, Tacitus does show admiration for the energetic and freedom - loving German people.
Roman Dress roman empire. Home Page. roman empire. Children's Section. roman Dress. Dress of Rome. Toga. Stola and Palla. Stola and Palla. Priest's Toga. The Palla Cloak The wealthier people tended to wear http://www.roman-empire.net/society/soc-dress.html
Roman Empire - 6 had caused economic collapse as rival emperors produced worthless set maximum pricesacross the empire for everything Diocletian was the first roman leader who http://www.crystalinks.com/romanempire6.html
Extractions: Literature During the reign of Augustus many commentators proclaimed the arrival of a new Golden Age as Romans returned to traditional values. These values included religion, family, and an appreciation of the Italian countryside and its agrarian roots. Writers and artists from all parts of Italy came to Rome, where generous patronage helped to encourage extraordinary achievements. The Augustan peace and the prosperity that accompanied it brought about the revival of patriotic literature that hailed the triumphs of Rome, its people, and its new leader. Livy, who was born in the city of Padua in 59 BC, wrote a history of Rome that spanned the period from mythic times to his own day. An artist more than a scholar, Livy was a marvelous storyteller. His stirring accounts of Rome's early struggle for freedom inspired painters, poets, and political leaders through the centuries, even though only a quarter of his enormous work has survived.
ReferenceResources:HistoricalWorldLeaders ..Julius Caesar was a famous roman dictator? ..Augustus Caesar becamethe first roman emperor? He brought peace to the roman empire. http://www.kidinfo.com/American_History/Historical_World_Leaders.html
Extractions: Historical World Leaders Lives: The Biography Resource The largest guide to biography sites on the Web; A list of resources and links for famous historical military and diplomatic leaders TIME 100: The Most Important People of the 20th Century : Photographs, biographies, sound ALEXANDER THE GREAT Alexander the Great from PBS Alexander the Grea on the Web Alexander the Great : Photographs, important facts and information Alexander the Great : His life, his family, his conquests, and his battles, including links to various Alexander the Great sites and resources on the WWW JULIUS CAESAR Julius Caesar : Complete biographical Information Julius Caesar: The Last Dictator : Biographical information about his youth, early career, the Gaelic and Civil War, his assassination
PBS: The Roman Empire In The First Century - Classroom Resources about many different emperors as well as sites, timelines, etc.) roman empire http//www History_by_Chronology/The_Classical_World/roman/roman_empire (provides http://www.pbs.org/empires/romans/classroom/lesson7.html
Extractions: Students should view selected portions of episodes 1 and 2 from the series The Roman Empire in the First Century . In addition, each student should play the interactive game "Emperor of Rome" available on the companion website. Students will need computer access to do this. A lab setting where students could play simultaneously would be most suitable. Finally, students will need access to library and internet research materials.
The Early Centuries Of The Greek Roman East Every city of the eastern roman empire required an ample number of as a private citizen,there are associated with the emperor. Most famous of these was St. http://www.greece.org/Romiosini/constple.html
Extractions: Justinian as defender of the faith, Louvre, Paris It was at this period in time that the Roman Empire also acquired a new official religion: Christianity. In time Christianity itself was transformed into a "new" Christian culture, being couched into the framework of the philosophies, symbolism's and customs of the ancient Greek world. The natural theology of the fourth-century eastern Fathers Gregory of Nazianzus, Basil and Gregory of Nyssa and John Chrysostomos of Ambrose, represented, to a large extent, the metapsychosis and fusion of Ancient Greek thought and Christian Dogma into a new philosophical tradition. These issues will be dealt with later in this work, when we deal with Christianity and the Greek-Orthodox Church. Along with the Greek language and customs, the Greek-Orthodox faith was to form one of the links of continuity between the cultures of the ancient Greek and Greco-Roman worlds and the Medieval world of the Greek Roman East. In the world of the Eastern Roman Empire, the ancient love of philosophical speculation and disputation now transformed itself into passionate theological argumentation, popular throughout the Roman East. The Greek Orthodox Church treasured its vigorous tradition of democracy and the laity felt that theological questions concerned them directly. In some quarters, inevitably, discussion was not always well informed, but always zealous, and any new theological development immediately became a matter of public concern. In Constantinople as in every eastern city of the empire, one could hear lively theological talk in the streets and shops, as well as at dinner tables. In the Eastern Roman Empire, an absolute monarchy, theology in many ways came to absorb people's passions in much the same way that politics did in the classical world and in later societies.
Time Traveller's Guide To The Roman Empire the status of women in the roman empire is relatively high Titles roman society isvery keen on titles, never more so than in the case of its emperors. http://www.channel4.com/history/microsites/H/history/guide03/part05.html
Extractions: The people of the empire fall into three principal categories: citizens, provincials and slaves. Full citizenship is often granted to provincials en masse as a way of securing their loyalty to Rome. Soldiers from far-flung corners of the empire are guaranteed full citizen rights (and land on which to settle) after 25 years' service. Sometimes they earn it sooner, especially when it is used as a bribe to win their support in the numerous power struggles that beset Rome. Senators At the top of the social hierarchy, of course, is the emperor. But the Senate, which is made up of wealthy aristocrats and ruled the Roman Republic before the position of emperor was established, still provides the leading members of the government. These include consuls, other magistrates and provincial governors. Originally elected by the citizens of Rome, by the time of the empire senators are either appointed by the emperor or inherit their position. Equestrians
Siti_monete http//www.friesian.com/rome.htm Consuls of the roman Republic; http csr/nnc/byzant/byzrulers.htmList of the emperors of the Byzantine empire combined with http://digilander.libero.it/moneteromane/siti_web/stor/stor.html
Extractions: end of page ... http://digilander.iol.it/adamaney/DarioFerro.html Dedicato alla divulgazione numismatica e agli studi storico-numismatici http://www.chicagocoinclub.org/projects/PiN/ Perspectives in Numismatics - Studies Presented to the Chicago Coin Club - Eight Hundred Years of Roman Coinage di David R. Sear http://users.pipeline.com.au/edpa/geneanc/geneanc.htm Genealogie - A genealogy of the rulers of the ancient hellenic kingdoms and allied families http://www.uniroma2.it/eventi/monete/ http://web.tiscali.it/guidobrolli/asseunciale.htm Asse unciale (Giano bifronte / Prua di nave) http://www.ece.iit.edu/~prh/coins/PiN/rc.html Eight Hundred Years of Roman Coinage - David Sear http://www.moneymuseum.com/index_english.html Un divertente percorso virtuale attraverso la storia della moneta. http://www.ukans.edu/history/index/europe/ancient_rome/I/home.html http://www.wildwinds.com/coins/index.html http://members.aol.com/dkaplan888/main.html Coins from Famous People in History http://www.grifterrec.com/coins/coins.html
Interesting Facts - The Roman Empire The roman emperor Augustus at whose request Vergil may have Literature roman empire onlya child, Gaius Caesar, son of the famous roman general Germanicus http://www.sentex.net/~ajy/facts/romanemp.html
Extractions: To celebrate his victory over Pompey, Julius Caesar gave a banquet at which 150,000 guests were seated at 22,000 tables. It lasted for 2 days. He also proclaimed a rent-free year for every poor family in the Empire. [ Food Roman Empire The Circus Maximus in Rome, after its rebuilding by Julius Caesar, could accommodate 150,000 people. It was enlarged again in the days of the early empire to admit an additional 100,000. [ Buildings and Monuments The Roman Empire Vergil's quest for perfection nearly cost posterity his twelve-book Latin classic, the Aeneid , a national epic and a literary masterpiece. Generally accepted as the greatest of the Roman poets, Vergil left the instruction that when he died the manuscript should be burned because he had not had time to polish it. The Roman emperor Augustus - at whose request Vergil may have initiated work in the Aeneid - stepped in and countermanded Vergil's request. He had others apply what little polish was needed, and ordered the work published. [ Literature Roman Empire Though only a child, Gaius Caesar, son of the famous Roman general Germanicus (15 B.C.-19 A.D.) and his wife, Agrippina, travelled with his parents among the legions of Rome, and was wildly popular. The soldiers nicknamed him Caligula, or "Little Boots," and the sobriquet stuck with him right through the last unbalanced years of his sordid life. Caligula (12-41 A.D.) became Emperor of Rome (37-41 A.D.) and earned a reputation for ruthless cruelty, torture, and execution. He became so hated that he was assassinated by one of his own guards.
Rome, City, Italy: The Roman Empire His son Caracalla is noteworthy for extending roman citizenship to all free menof the empire and for emperors succeeded one another rapidly in the 3d cent http://www.factmonster.com/cgi-bin/id/A0860803.html
Extractions: Encyclopedia Rome, city, Italy Caesar's assassination brought anarchy, out of which the Second Triumvirate emerged with the rule of Octavian (later Augustus Antony , and Lepidus . Octavian was Caesar's nephew, ward, and heir, and his true successor. At Actium (31 B.C. ) he defeated Antony and Cleopatra and made the empire one. No change was made in the government, but Octavian received from the senate the title Augustus and from the people life tribuneship; this, with the governorship of all the provinces conferred by the senate, made him the real ruler. He was called imperator [commander] and princeps [leader] and is usually considered the first Roman emperor. (For a list of the Roman Emperors from Augustus to the fall of Rome and the years they reigned, see the table entitled Rulers of the Roman Empire Augustus organized provincial government and the army, rebuilt Rome, and patronized the arts and letters. His rule began a long period (200 years) of peace, called the Pax Romana.
MSN Encarta - Roman Empire to Marcus Aurelius the good emperors, and many represented the high point ofthe roman empire. the western provinces, and the romans executed Christians http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_1741502785_2/Roman_Empire.html
Extractions: MSN Home My MSN Hotmail Shopping ... Money Web Search: logoImg('http://sc.msn.com'); Encarta Subscriber Sign In Help Home ... Upgrade to Encarta Premium Search Encarta Tasks Find in this article Print Preview Send us feedback Related Items Ancient Rome Byzantine Empire, eastern part of the Roman Empire more... Magazines Search the Encarta Magazine Center for magazine and news articles about this topic Further Reading Editors' Picks Roman Empire News Search MSNBC for news about Roman Empire Internet Search Search Encarta about Roman Empire Search MSN for Web sites about Roman Empire Also on Encarta Encarta guide: The Reagan legacy Compare top online degrees Proud papas: Famous dads with famous kids Also on MSN Father's Day present ideas on MSN Shopping Breaking news on MSNBC Switch to MSN in 3 easy steps Our Partners Capella University: Online degrees LearnitToday: Computer courses CollegeBound Network: ReadySetGo Kaplan Test Prep and Admissions Encyclopedia Article from Encarta Advertisement Page 2 of 5 Roman Empire Multimedia 71 items Article Outline Introduction The Foundations of Empire The Empire Under Augustus Expansion and Consolidation ... The Roman Legacy C Coinage and Taxes Merchants throughout the empire and as far away as India used Roman coins, but the monetary system primarily served as a way for the emperors to pay their troops, because the soldiers expected cash. When an emperor had insufficient income, he was forced to raise taxes, seize property, or, as a final measure, melt down existing coins and mint new ones that weighed less or contained smaller amounts of precious metals. Silver coins were a basic medium of exchange during the empire, and one of the major Roman coins, a
MSN Encarta - Holy Roman Empire and instead elected a series of weak emperors who were The civil war in the empirewas finally settled in pope, he added Holy to his title of roman Emperor. http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761558731/Holy_Roman_Empire.html
Extractions: MSN Home My MSN Hotmail Shopping ... Money Web Search: logoImg('http://sc.msn.com'); Encarta Subscriber Sign In Help Home ... Upgrade to Encarta Premium Search Encarta Tasks Find in this article Print Preview Send us feedback Related Items Charlemagne, traditional founder of the Holy Roman Empire map of the Holy Roman Empire more... Magazines Search the Encarta Magazine Center for magazine and news articles about this topic Further Reading Editors' Picks Holy Roman Empire News Search MSNBC for news about Holy Roman Empire Internet Search Search Encarta about Holy Roman Empire Search MSN for Web sites about Holy Roman Empire Also on Encarta Encarta guide: The Reagan legacy Compare top online degrees Proud papas: Famous dads with famous kids Also on MSN Father's Day present ideas on MSN Shopping Breaking news on MSNBC Switch to MSN in 3 easy steps Our Partners Capella University: Online degrees LearnitToday: Computer courses CollegeBound Network: ReadySetGo Kaplan Test Prep and Admissions Encyclopedia Article from Encarta Advertisement Holy Roman Empire Multimedia 4 items Article Outline Introduction Background The Carolingian Empire (800-912) The Ottonian Empire (936-1024) ... Legacy of the Empire I Introduction Print Preview of Section Holy Roman Empire , political entity of lands in western and central Europe, founded by Charlemagne in ad 800 and dissolved by Emperor Francis II in 1806. The extent and strength of the empire largely depended on the military and diplomatic skill of its emperors, both of which fluctuated considerably during the empireâs thousand-year lifetime. However, the principal area of the empire was the German states. From the 10th century, its leaders were German kings, who usually sought but did not always receive coronation as emperor by the popes in Rome.
Overview Augustus ruled an empire. He is considered to be the first roman emperor. ImprovedCity Life Augustus famous saying was, I found Rome built of sundried http://www.bible-history.com/augustus/AUGUSTUSOverview.htm
Extractions: Contents Index Augustus is very possibly the single most important person in all of Roman history. During his very long and fantastic career, he provided many answers for the major problems of the Republic and his solutions for Roman government remained solid for another three centuries. His system was called the "Principate," and although it had its problems, it brought to the Roman Empire a succession of rulers who controlled an incredibly long period of peace and prosperity, more than Europe and the Middle East had ever known. Imagine, the true King of the greatest heavenly kingdom was born during the reign of the greatest earthly king of the greatest earthly kingdom, and it was this earthly king who unknowingly decreed that all the world should be taxed, each going to his own city, and thus the true King would be born in Bethlehem. It is quite possible that this is the reason for the birth of Christ being in the "fullness of times" mentioned in the Bible: Gal. 4:4.
Extractions: Hirsch, E. D. What Your Fourth Grader Needs to Know . New York: Dell, 1992. (0-385-31260-1) Procedure Remind the students that although the Roman Empire began in the city of Rome, it gradually expanded over hundreds of years to include what are today known as southern England, Spain, Switzerland, Austria, North Africa, the Middle East, and parts of Germany and France. On a world map, show how large an area this is. Display the transparency of the Roman Empire. Direct the students' attention to the dark line at the center of the map. Ask: Why did Emperor Constantine divide the Roman Empire into two parts. (Because the empire was large, it was difficult for one person to rule.) Ask: What is the part of the empire to the left of the line called? (the Western Roman Empire) To the right? (the Eastern Roman Empire) Ask: In addition to dividing the Roman Empire into two parts, what other changes did Constantine make within the empire? (Emperor Constantine became the first Christian emperor of Rome and made Christianity the official religion of the Roman Empire. He moved the capital of the empire from Rome to the city of Byzantium.) Tell the students that Constantine built a new city on the site of the city of
Extractions: Third Grade - World History - Lesson 27 - Life in the Roman Empire Objective Identify aspects of city life in the Roman Empire. Suggested Books Teacher Reference Chrisp, Peter. The Roman Empire: Make It Work! Chicago: World Book, 1996. Clare, John D. Classical Rome: Living History . San Diego: HBJ, 1993. Hinds, Kathryn. The Ancient Romans . New York: Benchmark Books, 1997. Teacher Note Roman aqueducts are also discussed in an Art lesson on the Pont du Gard this month. Procedure Ask: What is the name of the first Roman Emperor? (Augustus) Tell the students that the rule of Emperor Augustus marked the beginning of a long period of stability which became known as the Pax Romana, which means Roman peace . A peace that lasted for 200 years. Tell the students that the Romans welcomed this time of peace in the Roman Empire. Explain that there had been a number of conflicts within Rome and within its territories; the Roman people were ready for a time of peace. Explain that many Romans lived in large cities and at the heart of each city was a forum (write the word on the board). Explain that the forum was a large open area, used as a market and a public meeting place. Tell the students that because the only wealthy people had cooking areas in their homes, most people went to the forum to eat their meals. Explain that there were food stands in the forum where people could buy cooked food. Tell the students that temples for worshipping gods and the current emperor were also built in the forum.
Extractions: Famous People Madeleine Albright Vaclav Havel Princess Libuse Charles IV (Karel IV) Master Jan Hus (1369 or 1370-1415) Religious reformer, university lecturer, and Czech nationalist symbol. Upset with what he thought was the misuse of power by Rome and the German clergy in Prague, Hus questioned the authority of the pope and called for the formation of a Bohemian National Church. From his stronghold at Bethlehem Chapel in Old Town, he declared that the powerful clergy should cede their property and influence to more of the people. In 1414, he was summoned to explain his views before the Ecclesiastic Council at Konstanz in Germany but was arrested on arrival. He was burned at the stake as a heretic on July 6, 1415, a day considered the precursor to the Hussite Wars and now commemorated as a Czech national holiday. His church lives on today in the faith called the Czech Brethren. K. I. Dienzenhofer
Augustus Caesar Statue - Marble & Bronze In the end, Augustus Caesar the emperor subjected the in 14 AD, the people the romanEmpire worshipped Augustus linage started from Venus, the roman Goddess of http://www.eleganza.com/busts-famous-people-gallery/4-08-augustus-caesar-statue-
Extractions: This Augustus Caesar statue of marble and a bronze cuirass comes from the statue of Augustus Prima Porta which now resides in the Vatican Museum. The Romans had a passion for realism in statuary and this beautiful bust of Augustus Caesar shows us exactly how Augustus looked. The bronze cuirass (breastplate) recalls his victory over the Dacians. Click on the picture for larger view of
Roman Emperors - DIR Marcus Aurelius and tactile because of the famous column, the Grant., M., The Antonines The RomanEmpire in Transition Once again Marcus Aurelius, Emperor and Philosopher http://www.roman-emperors.org/marcaur.htm
Extractions: Virtual Catalog of Roman Coins An Online Encyclopedia of Roman Emperors DIR Atlas Herbert W. Benario Emory University Introduction and Sources The Vita of the emperor in the collection known as the Historia Augusta identifies him in its heading as Marcus Antoninus Philosophus , "Marcus Antoninus the Philosopher." Toward the end of the work, the following is reported about him, sententia Platonis semper in ore illius fuit, florere civitates si aut philosophi imperarent aut imperantes philosopharentur (27.7), "Plato's judgment was always on his lips, that states flourished if philosophers ruled or rulers were philosophers." It is this quality of Marcus' character which has made him a unique figure in Roman history, since he was the only emperor whose life was molded by, and devoted to, philosophy (Julian was the second and last). His reign was long and troubled, and in some ways showed the weaknesses of empire which ultimately led to the "Decline and Fall," yet his personal reputation, indeed his sanctity, have never failed of admirers. Contributing to his fame and reputation is a slender volume of Stoic philosophy which served as a kind of diary while he was involved in military campaigns, the Meditations , a book which can be described as an aureus libellus , a little golden book.
