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Nuclear Energy Fission: more books (100)

Fission, Fusion, and the Energy Crisis (Pergamon international library of science, technology, engineering, and social studies) by Stanley Ernest Hunt, 1980-06
Materials for Advanced Energy Systems and Fission & Fusion Engineering: Proceedings of the Seventh China-Japan Symposium Lanzhou, China 29 July - 2 August 2002 by China-Japan Symposium, Z. G. Wang, et all 2003-08
Nuclear Fission Reactors: Potential Role and Risk of Converters and Breeders (Topics in energy) by G. Kessler, 1983-03
Global Fission: The Battle over Nuclear Power by Jim Falk, 1983-12
The American Atom: A Documentary History of Nuclear Policies from the Discovery of Fission to the Present, 1939-1984
Nuclear Fission Reactors by I. R. Cameron, 1982-11-30
From Fission to Fusion: The Story of India's Atomic Energy Programme by M. R. Srinivasan, 2002-01
Nuclear Power and Public Policy: The Social and Ethical Problems of Fission Technology by Kristin Shrader-Frechette, 1980-03-31
Worlds Within Worlds: the Story of Nuclear Energy - 3 Volumes complete: Volume 1 - Atomic Weights - Energy - Electricity; Volume 2 - Mass and Energy - The Neutron - The Structure of the Nucleus; Volume 3 - Nuclear Fission - Nuclear Fusion - Beyond Fusion by Isaac Asimav, 1972
Fission Product Yield Data for the Transmutation of Minor Actinide Nuclear Waste by International Atomic Energy Agency, 2008-06-03
The American Atom: A Documentary History of Nuclear Policies from the Discovery of Fission to the Present
Nuclear energy and the hydrogen bomb (Transactions of the Academy of Science of St. Louis) by Arthur Llewelyn Hughes, 1950
Latest Advances In Atomic Cluster Collisions: Fission, Fusion, Electron, Ion And Photon Impact
The Phebus Fission Product Project: Presentation of the experimental programme and test facility (Publication No. Eur 13520 En of the Commission of the Europe)

lists with details

Nuclear Energy. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001
5. The development of nuclear energy from fission reactions beganwith the program to produce atomic weapons in the United States.
http://www.bartleby.com/65/nu/nuclener.html

Extractions: Select Search All Bartleby.com All Reference Columbia Encyclopedia World History Encyclopedia Cultural Literacy World Factbook Columbia Gazetteer American Heritage Coll. Dictionary Roget's Thesauri Roget's II: Thesaurus Roget's Int'l Thesaurus Quotations Bartlett's Quotations Columbia Quotations Simpson's Quotations Respectfully Quoted English Usage Modern Usage American English Fowler's King's English Strunk's Style Mencken's Language Cambridge History The King James Bible Oxford Shakespeare Gray's Anatomy Farmer's Cookbook Post's Etiquette Bulfinch's Mythology Frazer's Golden Bough All Verse Anthologies Dickinson, E. Eliot, T.S. Frost, R. Hopkins, G.M. Keats, J. Lawrence, D.H. Masters, E.L. Sandburg, C. Sassoon, S. Whitman, W. Wordsworth, W. Yeats, W.B. All Nonfiction Harvard Classics American Essays Einstein's Relativity Grant, U.S. Roosevelt, T. Wells's History Presidential Inaugurals All Fiction Shelf of Fiction Ghost Stories Short Stories Shaw, G.B. Stein, G. Stevenson, R.L. Wells, H.G. Reference Columbia Encyclopedia PREVIOUS NEXT ... BIBLIOGRAPHIC RECORD The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. nuclear energy the energy stored in the nucleus of an atom and released through fission, fusion, or
Cameco Corporation - Uranium 101 - Uranium Science - Nuclear Energy
Splitting the nucleus of an atom a process called nuclear fission releases the binding energy. The energy released is nuclear energy.
http://www.cameco.com/uranium_101/uranium_science/nuclear_energy/index.php

Extractions: Chain reaction How is uranium related to energy? Uranium is an element found in nature. Used as a nuclear fuel, it is a source of energy. Uranium fuel is emissions-free, making it safe for the environment and in comparison to other fuels, only a tiny quantity is required to generate an equivalent amount of electricity. All the uranium produced by CCO is used to generate electricity. Society depends on electricity. It wakes us up, cooks our food, keeps us warm, cools us off, runs the factories, and connects us to the Internet. We may take these conveniences for granted but many of the things we do require electricity. Electricity is a form of energy. The universe is made up of both matter and energy. Matter is all those things that have weight, or mass rocks, trees, lakes, people, animals. Energy is harder to describe, but it is observed all the time. Energy is the force that makes things move and change. In other words, if the universe were a watch energy would make it tick. What are the sources of energy?
NUCLEAR ENERGY
nuclear energy. There are two paths to deriving energy from nuclear reactionsnuclear fission and nuclear Fusion. First, what is a nuclear Reaction ?
http://www.ucolick.org/~bolte/AY4/notes7/node2.html

Extractions: Gravity is the force the prevents the Sun from expanding despite the fact that it is a hot gas and keeps the Earth forever falling towards the Sun in it's orbit and keeps all the people in this room in their seats. One way to look at gravity is that it is an attractive force between objects with mass Electric Force is a force felt between charged particles like electrons (e-) and protons (p+). There are both attractive and repulsive electrical forces. Like charges repel, opposites attract . The Electrical Force holds atoms and molecules together and is useful for all kinds of nifty gadgets that have been built in the last 150 years. Fun note: The electric force is what keeps you from falling through the chair and floor and earth and being cooked in the center of the Earth. You are suspended above your chair by the repulsive force of the protons in your body against the protons in the chair. Nuclear Force . If you think about it for a minute, nuclei of atoms which contain protons (positively charged) and neutrons (no charge) should not be stable. All those ``like'' charged protons should be repelling one another and fly right out of the nucleus. Since nuclei ARE stable, it can be inferred that there is another force that is stronger than the electrical force which glues those nuclei together. This is the Nuclear Force or the Strong force. The Nuclear force would right now be binding EVERYTHING together except for the fact that it acts over only
History Of Nuclear Energy
Scientists are also studying the power of nuclear fusion. Fusion is the energy thatpowers the sun is also likely to create less radioactive waste than fission.
http://nova.nuc.umr.edu/nuclear_facts/history/history.html

Extractions: DOE/NE-0088 The History of Nuclear Energy Energy from the Atom Although they are tiny, atoms have a large amount of energy holding their nuclei together. Certain isotopes of some elements can be split and will release part of their energy as heat. This splitting is called fission. The heat released in fission can be used to help generate electricity in powerplants. Uranium-235 (U-235) is one of the isotopes that fissions easily. During fission, U-235 atoms absorb loose neutrons. This causes U-235 to become unstable and split into two light atoms called fission products. The combined mass of the fission products is less than that of the original U-235. The reduction occurs because some of the matter changes into energy. The energy is released as heat. Two or three neutrons are released along with the heat. These neutrons may hit other atoms, causing more fission. A series of fissions is called a chain reaction. If enough uranium is brought together under the right conditions, a continuous chain reaction occurs. This is called a self-sustaining chain reaction. A self-sustaining chain reaction creates a great deal of heat, which can be used to help generate electricity. Nuclear powerplants generate electricity like any other steam-electric powerplant. Water is heated, and steam from the boiling water turns turbines and generates electricity. The main difference in the various types of steam-electric plants is the heat source. Heat from a self-sustaining chain reaction boils the water in a nuclear powerplant. Coal, oil, or gas is burned in other powerplants to heat the water.
Nuclear Energy
The reaction also produced new neutrons and released about 200 mev of energyper fission. One example of the nuclear fission reaction is as follows
http://www.upei.ca/~physics/p261/projects/nuclear2/release.html

Extractions: THE RELEASE OF NUCLEAR ENERGY Elements of atomic number greater than 83 are naturally radioactive. Their nuclei emit particles spontaneously to become different nuclei. Elements of atomic number greater than 92 are so unstable they are not found in nature. Scientists assumed that if the nucleus of a heavy element were split into two or more fragments it would release great energy. Diagram of a Slow Neutron Split Such a splitting, or fission, reaction was achieved in 1939. The nucleus of a uranium isotope (U-235), when bombarded by neutrons, split into two smaller nuclei. The reaction also produced new neutrons and released about 200 mev of energy per fission. One example of the nuclear fission reaction is as follows: + neutrons The significance of this reaction is that if one pound of uranium undergoes fission, it will release energy equal to that released by the burning of 3,000 tons of coal or 9,000 tons of TNT. Later experiments proved that plutonium and thorium could also undergo nuclear fission. Plutonium is an element made artificially by bombarding uranium 238 with neutrons.
DOE NEHP SCHOLARSHIP/FELLOWSHIP
to continue their education in a related nuclear energy field. These programs willassist in preparing students for leadership roles in fission technology and
http://www.musc.edu/specialprograms/

Extractions: Office of Nuclear Energy, Science, and Technology This program is designed to meet the Department of Energy's (DOE) needs for appropriately trained personnel for the maintenance and development of nuclear power technology and in research related to ongoing programs at DOE facilities. Increasing costs for graduate education, a high demand for nuclear engineers and health physicists, and the declining number of academic programs have had a negative impact on the number of well-qualified students seeking degrees in fission technologies and sciences. However, current and planned uses of fission reactors for energy generation and research support at DOE facilities, emphasize the importance of the availability of appropriately educated, highly qualified nuclear engineers and health physicists with undergraduate and advanced degrees. These fellowship and scholarship programs are designed to encourage talented students to continue their education in a related nuclear energy field. These programs will assist in preparing students for leadership roles in fission technology and will also support the broader objective of advancing fission energy through educational and research efforts.
TVA: Nuclear Energy
When a uranium atom splits in the process called nuclear fission, it givesoff energy in the form of heat. To regulate the heatproducing
http://www.tva.gov/power/nuclear.htm

Extractions: Boiling water reactor diagram A nuclear plant works in much the same way that a TVA dam or fossil-fuel plant does, in that large turbine blades are used to operate a generator to produce electricity. At a hydroelectric dam, the force of the falling water spins the turbine blades, while at a coal-fired or nuclear plant, the force of steam spins the blades. A nuclear plant, however, uses uranium instead of coal as a fuel to make steam. A secondary source of water passes around the outside of the tubes in the steam generators. The heat from the water inside the tubes is transferred to the secondary source of water, which boils and turns to steam. The steam formed in the generators is piped into the main turbine, where the force of the steam turns the turbine blades. The turbine is connected to an electric generator by a rotating shaft. As the turbine blades begin to spin, a magnet inside the generator also turns, and that produces electricity.
NEI Science Club: 4 Your Class Project
This energy is converted to electricity by a nuclear power plant. nuclearenergy results from fissionor the splitting of atoms.
http://www.nei.org/scienceclub/4yourclassproject/4ycp_hownucenergyworks.html

Extractions: When uranium atoms are split, the heat produced is called nuclear energy. This energy is converted to electricity by a nuclear power plant. Fission releases large amounts of energy (heat), which is called nuclear energy because it comes from a reaction in the nucleus of the uranium-235 atom. For uranium to be used as a fuel, its U-235 content must be increased from less than 1 percent to between 3 and 5 percent.
NEI - The Power PlantHow Nuclear Plants Work
whether they are powered by coal, natural gas, oil or nuclear energy. In a nuclearplant, you don t burn anything at all. Splitting atoms is called fission.
http://www.nei.org/index.asp?catnum=3&catid=454
The Energy Planet :: Nuclear Fission :: English
Home / Traditional energy / nuclear fission, nuclear Fusion (not fission) isthe quick and dangerous release of energy produced from joining atoms.
http://www.smartown.com/sp2000/energy_planet/en/trad/fission.html

Extractions: Credits Introduction Nuclear power is one of the most modern and dangerous forms of energy generation in use today. Since the discovery of atomic energy in the 1940s, it has been the cause of thousands of deaths, but has also been the subject of some of the most amazing discoveries in the 20th century. At one time, the amazing amount of energy that could be released from a small amount of fuel seemed to be the answer to all of our energy problems, but today, we are able to see the dangers in this kind of energy generation. Generation Of Electricity Nuclear Fission is the form of power generation used in power plants today. It is a slow and controlled release of energy generated by splitting atoms. Nuclear Fusion (not Fission) is the quick and dangerous release of energy produced from joining atoms. This is the destructive force that was used to kill thousands of Japanese civilians during World War II. The sun also uses fusion to release the energy we see as sunlight and feel as heat. Nuclear power is the most efficient form of energy production in use today. A tiny piece of Uranium about the size of a golf ball has the same amount of stored energy as 2,300,000 pounds of coal! Thats 19 ½ train cars of coal! This tremendous amount of energy is released from the Uranium in a nuclear reactor. The nuclear reactor is much like a furnace for Uranium. Within this reactor, an amazing reaction takes place which releases energy, some in the form of heat. The heat energy released is used to boil water. The boiled water is moved to a heat exchanger, which transfers the heat from the water which contacted the reactor to fresh water. The fresh water is converted to steam, and the steam turns a turbine.
Howstuffworks "How Nuclear Power Works"
single fission comes from the fact that the fission products and in weight is converteddirectly to energy at a uranium as used to power a nuclear submarine or
http://people.howstuffworks.com/nuclear-power2.htm

Extractions: The animation below shows a uranium-235 nucleus with a neutron approaching from the top. As soon as the nucleus captures the neutron, it splits into two lighter atoms and throws off two or three new neutrons (the number of ejected neutrons depends on how the U-235 atom happens to split). The two new atoms then emit gamma radiation as they settle into their new states. There are three things about this induced fission process that make it especially interesting:
The Nuclear Weapon Archive - A Guide To Nuclear Weapons
Last changed April 1997, Invention and Discovery Atomic Bombs and fission Last changed NuclearData Center of the Japan Atomic energy Research Institute
http://nuclearweaponarchive.org/

Extractions: H. G. Wells, The World Set Free Archive Charter Archive History Notable Quotes About the Graphics Used ... Credits and Thanks A "sister site" relationship has been established with Gregory Walker's Trinity Site . Greg and I are actively collaborating to provide the broadest variety of nuclear weapon information, in the most convenient form that we can. The two sites each have a different focus. The Nuclear Weapon Archive provides current information, technical data, and informative write-ups. The Trinity Site focuses on historical information, especially reproductions of public domain documents. 17 August 2003 Site is retitled The Nuclear Weapon Archive with its own domain.
ENERGY FACTS: FISSION
SOURCE DJ Cuff WJ Young, The United States energy Atlas, Second Edition, MacmillanPublishing, New York, 1986.interest in nuclear fission, as it produces no
http://www.iclei.org/EFACTS/FISSION.HTM

Extractions: The first large scale use of nuclear fission occurred on July 16, 1945, in New Mexico, with the test of the world's first atomic bomb. Following the Second World War, research was undertaken on how to use the power of the atom for "peaceful" purposes. In 1955, the U.S. navy submarine "Nautilus" travelled over 62,000 miles, powered by a single lump of uranium the size of a golf ball. Shortly thereafter, electricity was produced in commercial amounts by reactors in both the U.S. and the then Soviet Union; and Canada soon developed its own reactor design, the CANDU reactor. In the following years, nuclear reactors were envisioned as a clean and cheap source of electricity, capable of meeting vastly increased demand in the future. Miniature backyard reactors were also seen as possibilities for supplying heat to single family homes. At the present time, about 430 nuclear reactors are connected to the world's electricity grids, supplying 16% of the world's electricity demand. The majority of these reactors are located in the industrialized countries of the world. This amount of electricity generation is far less than that which had been predicted back in the 1960s when nuclear power was in its infancy. The increasing cost of nuclear power plant construction is one reason why nuclear energy has not lived up to its potential; but the main reason is safety concerns. Nuclear power plant accidents such as those at Three Mile Island in Pennsylvania and Chernobyl in the former U.S.S.R. have drastically increased public opposition to nuclear power. Recent worldwide concern over the threats of global warming and acid rain has, however, resulted in some renewed interest.
81.05.02: Nuclear Energy
nuclear fusion occurs when and new elements are formed. nuclear fusion has thecapability of releasing greater amounts of energy than nuclear fission.
http://www.yale.edu/ynhti/curriculum/units/1981/5/81.05.02.x.html

Extractions: Mara Dunleavy During the 1970s, interest in different energy alternatives surfaced in this country. Obviously, this increase in public awareness was mainly due to our problems with foreign oil. Energy alternatives, like gas, coal, solar, wind, and nuclear, have been researched and each of their advantages and disadvantages have been examined and scrutinized. The energy alternative that is the subject of this unit is probably the most controversial, nuclear energy. One reason I chose this topic is because of the ignorances and fears of many people regarding nuclear energy. My students are the adults of tomorrow and should be given the facts on this energy source, its past record and what the possibilities and changes are for the future. The unit covers 4 to 6 weeks and is planned for use in a 9th grade Physical Science course. The unit is divided into the following sections:
EPA - Clean Energy - Electricity From Nuclear
Electricity from nuclear energy. nuclear energy originates from thesplitting of uranium atoms in a process called fission. fission
http://www.epa.gov/cleanenergy/nuc.htm

Extractions: Clean Energy Contact Us Print Version Search: EPA Home Clean Energy Impacts CLEAN ENERGY HOME ... SITE MAP Nuclear energy originates from the splitting of uranium atoms in a process called fission. Fission releases energy that can be used to make steam, which is used in a turbine to generate electricity. Nuclear power accounts for approximately 19 percent of the United States' electricity production. More than 100 nuclear generating units are currently in operation in the United States. No nuclear power plants have been built since 1996. Environmental Impacts of: Non-Hydro Renewable Because nuclear power plants do not burn fuel, they do not release emissions like fossil-fueled power plants do. However, fossil fuel emissions are associated with the uranium mining and uranium enrichment process as well as the transport of the uranium fuel to the nuclear plant. Uranium is a nonrenewable resource that cannot be replenished on a human time scale. Both radioactive and toxic, uranium is extracted from open-pit and underground mines. Once mined, the uranium ore is sent to a processing plant to be concentrated into a useful fuel (i.e., uranium oxide pellets). This uranium enrichment process generates radioactive waste. Enriched fuel is then transported to the nuclear power plant.
Nuclear Energy - INEEL - Frances Marshall
nuclear energy Gougar selected to lead fission and Fusion Systems Department.Hans Gougar. A reactor physics and core modeling researcher
http://nuclear.inel.gov/h_gougar.shtml

Extractions: Hans Gougar has been promoted to the position within the Nuclear Energy Division. Kathy McCarthy, director of Nuclear Science and Engineering, announced his selection for the position. The vacancy was created earlier this year when McCarthy was promoted to her current director's position. Gougar has been the department's acting manager the last few months. Prior to that, Gougar served as group leader in the department. Gougar is a graduate of the University of Wisconsin-Madison with a bachelor's degree in science education and physics. He graduated from Pennsylvania State University with a master's degree in nuclear engineering and is writing a dissertation on advanced core design and fuel management in pebble bed reactors. He expects to complete his doctorate in March 2004. Before joining the INEEL in 1997, Gougar spent a summer as a research associate at Argonne National Laboratory-West and as a graduate assistant for the Penn State Department of Nuclear Engineering. He spent eight years as a high school science teacher in the United States and United Kingdom. He is an active member of the American Nuclear Society.
Fission, Fusion, Helium 3, Nuclear, Energy, Free Energy, Alternate Energy, Elect
This short Treatise explores lithium fission as a possible source of cleannuclear energy. Clean nuclear energy via Isotopic Transformation.
http://www.nuenergy.org/alt/IsoLithium.htm

Extractions: Clean Nuclear Energy via Isotopic Transformation The First Artificial Accelerated Decay Transformation On April 28, 1932, at a meeting of the Royal Society, Lord Rutherford announced that two of the workers in Cavendish Laboratory, J. D. Cockcroft and E. T. S. Walton, had successfully demonstrated the release of excess radioactive energy from lithium elements and other light elements by protons entirely artificially generated by high electric potentials. The most surprising feature at the time was the relatively low voltage necessary. The generator installed had a peak voltage of about 750,000 volts, but artificial decay started at only one-sixth of this, 125,000 volts. Indeed, later Rutherford, using deuterons (atoms of the hydrogen isotope of mass 2) instead of protons, pushed back the starting point to some 20,000 to 40,000 volts, which is well within the range of quite a small x-ray induction coil. The protons were generated in a long vertical hydrogen vacuum-tube, specially designed to withstand the high voltage, and with a window of the thinnest possible mica leaf at the end, through which they emerged to impinge on the target element being bombarded. The protons were estimated to have a velocity of one-thirtieth of that of light, and their range in air was only 1 cm. The bombarded substance was examined by the scintillations produced in
History Of Nuclear Energy
provide energy production, fuel reprocessing, and waste treatment all in one site.Fuel irradiated in a nuclear reactor creates two kinds of waste fission
http://www.anlw.anl.gov/anlw_history/general_history/gen_hist.html

Extractions: NUCLEAR HISTORY THE BEGINNING: Argonne National Laboratory's history begins with World War II. The Germans and the Allies were in a race to develop the atomic bomb. Scientists working in America enlisted the help of Albert Einstein to write a letter to President Franklin D. Roosevelt summerizing the research into and prospects for atomic power. On October 12, 1939 President Roosevelt authorized the government funding of atomic research. To keep discussion to official circles, FDR initially appointed the Advisory Committee on Uranium, chaired by Lyman Briggs. In February 1940, the Uranium Committee granted Enrico Fermi and Leo Szilard a contract to build a pile , now called a reactor , at Columbia University. At the University of Chicago, Nobel prize winner Arthur Compton watched the developments with great interest. As Dean of the Physical Sciences at University of Chicago, Compton conceived the idea of establishing a laboratory to foster atomic research at the U of C. Using his connections with prominent scientists, Compton secured nuclear energy research participation for the University of Chicago. The National Defense Research Committee contracted the U of C to do six months of work. Physicist Samuel K. Allison was chosen by Compton to direct the project. Henry D. Smith, chairman of the Physics department at Princeton University, proposed concentrating research efforts at a central lab. Milton White endorsed the proposal. Compton was also determined to consentrate the chain reaction studies in one place. He decided to have the scientists working under his supervision at Columbia and Princeton transfered to the metallurgical laboratory (Met Lab) at the University of Chicago. The Met Lab emerged as one of the U.S. government's largest scientific operations.
Economist.com | Energy Policy
energy policy Fact and fission Jul 17th 2003 From The Economist printedition. nuclear energy does not merit more investment. The
http://www.economist.com/research/articlesBySubject/displayStory.cfm?story_ID=19
Nuclear Fission Links
THE energy STORY nuclear energy fission and Fusion. nuclear fissionWhere did the energy come from? What mass got converted?
http://www.nacworldwide.com/Links/Nuclear-Fission.htm

Extractions: Nuclear Fission Links DOE Preprint Network, Fission and Nuclear Technologies Searchable gateway to preprint servers at U.S. Department of Energy. Meitner, Lise - Fission Dedication to Meitner's life and work offers a biography, a career overview, and an explanation of nuclear fission. Nuclear Energy Guide Learn the beginning concepts of nuclear energy including nuclear fission, accidents, power and both sides of the nuclear argument. (quicktime plug-in) How Stuff Works - How Nuclear Power Works Gives a non-technical explanation of nuclear reactors and nuclear fission. Offers diagrams and photos of nuclear power plants. Lise Meitner Lise Meitner(1878-1968) was an Austrian-Swedish physicist, who first identified nuclear fission. Despite of her great contribution to the science she was not awarded a Nobel Prize. The Atomkeller-Museum at Haigerloch Haigerloch was the location of the German Atomkeller, lab for the study of nuclear fission during World War II. This page has photos, plans, sound recordings of interviews and outlines the history of the lab and the experiments done there.

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