Exhibit: Black Hills Treaty of the treaties extinguished native Americans title to US treaties with Indian nationsare held by URL http//www.archives.gov/exhibit_hall/american_originals http://www.archives.gov/exhibit_hall/american_originals/sioux.html
Extractions: from the Sioux Indians," December 26, 1876 The history of Native Americans in North America dates back thousands of years. Exploration and settlement of the western United States by Americans and Europeans wreaked havoc on the Indian peoples living there. In the 19th century the American drive for expansion clashed violently with the Native American resolve to preserve their lands, sovereignty, and ways of life. The struggle over land has defined relations between the U.S. government and Native Americans and is well documented in the holdings of the National Archives. Treaty of 1868, April 29, 1868, top of page 1 The Black Hills of Dakota are sacred to the Sioux Indians. In the 1868 treaty, signed at Fort Laramie and other military posts in Sioux country, the United States recognized the Black Hills as part of the Great Sioux Reservation, set aside for exclusive use by the Sioux people. However, after the discovery of gold there in 1874, the United States confiscated the land in 1877. To this day, ownership of the Black Hills remains the subject of a legal dispute between the U.S. government and the Sioux. Page 2 bears the signatures of the American commissioners who represented the United States (including Lt.-Gen. William T. Sherman) , while page 3 features the names and markings of the Sioux chiefs. You can see high- resolution images of the treaty:
Homework Center - Native American Sites Springs Walla Walla, Wasco and Paiute native american tribes Fisheries Commissionhttp//www.nwifc.wa.gov/tribes/ Western Washington native tribes and http://www.multcolib.org/homework/natamhc.html
Native Americans - Councils & Institutes public radio stations, issues affecting native culture, and com/~berryhp/nmrc.htmlTreaties american Indian Today http//www.doi.gov/bia/aitoday/aitoday.html http://www.nativeamericans.com/Councils&Institutes.htm
Native Americans - Ethnology com/alg.html Indians and the american Revolution http Was the Word The Russian Churchand native Alaskan Cultures http//lcweb.loc.gov/exhibits/russian http://www.nativeamericans.com/Ethnology.htm
Extractions: Ethnology The scientific study of the origin and functioning of human cultures. It is usually considered one of the major branches of cultural anthropology, the other two being anthropological archaeology and anthropological linguistics. In the 19th cent. ethnology was historically oriented and offered explanations for extant cultures, languages, and races in terms of diffusion, migration, and other historical processes. In the 20th cent. ethnology has focused on the comparative study of past and contemporary cultures. Since cultural phenomena can seldom be studied under conditions of experiment or control, comparative data from the total range of human behavior helps the ethnologist to avoid those assumptions about human nature that may be implicit in the dictates of any single culture. See R. H. Lowie, The History of Ethnological Theory (1938); E. A. Hoebel, Man in the Primitive World (1949, 2d ed. 1958); Margaret Mead, People and Places (1959); Barton Schwartz, Culture and Society (1968); Clifford Geertz
Native American Resources - Text Only Low Vision Posole Stew ~ beef or pork; Modern Wojape ~ a dessert pudding; native american Foods~ Paula Giese; like to share, put it into an email feedback@ihs.gov and we http://www.ihs.gov/GeneralWeb/Links/AmericanIndian/index_text.asp
Electronic Bibliography-Wirtz Labor Library United States native Americans (Law Library of Congress) (www.loc.gov/law/guide/usnative.html)Anyone who seeks information on treaties, laws, or legal http://www.dol.gov/oasam/library/printversion/nativeamerican_pf.htm
Extractions: If you would like to explore the education and culture of Alaska Natives, you should plan to visit this museum located in Northeast Anchorage, Alaska. The Center is a gathering place to celebrate, perpetuate, and share Alaska Native cultures. The website includes links to the Center's Alaska Native artists and their works, and provides several educational opportunities. Children's Books With Native American Indian History, Themes, and Characters Understanding the importance of children's literature and stories in all cultures, this site presents a comprehensive look into the field of Native American books for children. The site guides the visitor through themes, history, and characters, and aids in locating certain authors and themes. National Museum of the American Indian (NMAI)
The Plains Indians Plains Indians. The native Americans came to trade, to visit, andlater to sign treaties and receive annuities. Early relations http://www.nps.gov/fola/indians.htm
Extractions: During most of its early history, Fort Laramie was a social and economic center for several tribes of Plains Indians. The Native Americans came to trade, to visit, and later to sign treaties and receive annuities. Early relations between the traders at the Fort and the Indians were amicable, but as the tide of emigrants swelled along the Oregon Trial, resentments and friction began to emerge. In an effort to end hostilities, a council attended by representatives of the United States and more than 10,000 Indians was called near Fort Laramie in 1851. The council give birth to the Treaty of 1851 that was signed by the United States and tribal representatives. In return for $50,000 per year of annuities, the Indians agreed to stop harassing the wagon trains. The Treaty was not effective, however, and subsequent incidents resulted in deaths of Native Americans, emigrants, and soldiers alike. The Bozeman Trail, which headed North to the gold fields of Montana, was soon swarming with emigrants who passed through the prime bison hunting lands of the Sioux and the Cheyenne tribes. The Army constructed three Forts along the Trail to provide for the safety of the travelers. The Native Americans resented the intrusions, and the high plains were soon aflame with conflict. A new treaty, the Treaty of 1868 was signed in which the Army agreed to withdraw from the Bozeman Trail and evacuate the forts along it. It addition, the treaty provided a reservation for the Indians along with rights to their traditional hunting grounds.
Native American Web Sites museum works in collaboration with the native peoples of 20volume work, The NorthAmerican Indian, left International Information Programs (usinfo.state.gov http://usinfo.state.gov/usa/diversity/sites-na.htm
Extractions: AIHF was established to provide relief services to Indian people nationwide and to build bridges of understanding and friendship between Indian and non-Indian people. The site provides an American Indian Tribal Directory of names of U.S. federally recognized tribes. American Indian Higher Education Consortium The Consortium was founded in 1972 by the presidents of the nations first six Tribal Colleges, as an informal collaboration among member colleges. Today it presents a directory of tribal colleges and universities; information about the role of tribal colleges in postsecodary education, students and tribal college graduates; a link to the White House Initiative on Tribal Colleges and Universities; and articles from its journal. Its International Programs and Partnerships page is intended to help foster international links with indigenous peoples outside of the United States. First Nations Development Institute A Native American nonprofit organization founded in 1980 to promote culturally appropriate economic development by and for Native peoples. It coordinates local grass roots projects with national program and policy development to build capacity for self-reliant reservation economies. The Heritage Institute
Links: Native Americans Bureau of Indian Affairs http//www.doi.gov/bureauindian provides testimonies onlegislation relevant for american Indians and Alaskan Natives, as well as http://www.nwjustice.org/links/natives.html
Northwest Indian Law Clinic Fisheries Commission http// www.nwifc.wa.gov. Legislation Affecting the americanIndian Community http native american Consultation Database http//www.cast.uark http://www.nwjustice.org/NWILC/html/links.html
Utah History To Go - Native Americans the federal government ended the practice of making treaties and instituted a andhealth problems plagued most reservations, and native Americans became ever http://historytogo.utah.gov/natives.html
Extractions: Utah History Encyclopedia Long before Euro-Americans entered the Great Basin, substantial numbers of people lived within the present boundaries of Utah. Archaeological reconstructions suggest human habitation stretching back some 12,000 years. The earliest known inhabitants were members of what has been termed the Desert Archaic Culturenomadic hunter-gatherers with developed basketry, flaked-stem stone tools, and implements of wood and bone. They inhabited the region between 10,000 B.C. and A.D. 400. These peoples moved in extended family units, hunting small game and gathering the periodically abundant seeds and roots in a slightly more cool and moist Great Basin environment. About A.D. 400, the Fremont Culture began to emerge in northern and eastern Utah out of this Desert tradition. The Fremont peoples retained many Desert hunting-gathering characteristics yet also incorporated a maize-bean-squash horticultural component by A.D. 800-900. They lived in masonry structures and made sophisticated basketry, pottery, and clay figurines for ceremonial purposes. Intrusive Numic peoples displaced or absorbed the Fremont sometime after A.D. 1000. Beginning in A.D. 400, the Anasazi, with their Basketmaker Pueblo Culture traditions, moved into southeastern Utah from south of the Colorado River. Like the Fremont to the north the Anasazi (a Navajo word meaning "the ancient ones") were relatively sedentary peoples who had developed a maize-bean-squash-based agriculture. The Anasazi built rectangular masonry dwellings and large apartment complexes that were tucked into cliff faces or situated on valley floors like the structures at Grand Gulch and Hovenweep National Monument. They constructed pithouse granaries, made coiled and twined basketry, clay figurines, and a fine gray-black pottery. The Anasazi prospered until A.D. 1200-1400 when climactic changes, crop failures, and the intrusion of Numic hunter-gatherers forced a southward migration and reintegration with the Pueblo peoples of Arizona and New Mexico.
American West - Native Americans 2. native american Rights Fund (NARF) Legal resources library Pressreleases - treaties info. - Searches. Names, addresses, email http://www.americanwest.com/pages/natorgs.htm
Extractions: (Responsible for the Bureau of Indian Affairs) U.S. Department of Interior - email addresses Bureau of Indian Affairs U.S. Census Bureau 8. -U.S. House of Representatives - Internet Law Library - Indian Nations and tribes Native American Legal Resources on the Internet 10. -Tribal Courts and Traditional Justice 11. -American Bar Association Law Practice Management 12. -Government Resources for Native Americans on the Internet 13. -U.S. Senate Committee on Indian Affairs Senator Daniel K. Inouye Home Page
Native American Links: Legal And Political instree/x1cppcg.htm Not specifically about native americans, but it does let yousee how the american Indian plight Law Library http//law.house.gov/31.htm http://www.sondra.net/links/na-legal.htm
CMN Library N.A. Links org/ Collection of articles describing the many forms of native american technology art OAIT Office of american Indian Trust http//www.doi.gov/oait/links http://www.menominee.edu/library/NAlinks.html
Issues For Native Americans Internet Hunt Trail of Broken treaties position paper http//www Bureau of Indian Affairs - http//www.doi.gov/bureau-indian NativeAmerican Rights Fund - http//www.narf.org http://homepage.mac.com/cohora/pbl/na/naiss.html
Extractions: Issues for Native Americans Problem-based learning Activity by Cindy O'Hora The Problem: Your school has won a technology grant. You are to use it to create online resources that provide information about an issue for Native Americans. The goal is to provoke change by providing facts, opinions and potential solutions. Which issue/problem do you think should be covered? Step 1 Each member of the group identifies what they know about Native American issues. Step 2 Identify what you do not know about the life, history and problems of Native Americans . Be specific. Make a list. Assign who will find the answers/info. Everyone will be researching info. Step 3 Discuss your findings on individual issues/problems. Decide on one and list the reasons for its selection. Step 4 Create a project/report to explain your choice and support its selection. Once you have chosen the issue/problem, create a report to explain the selection to your class/school. Be sure to show the relevance and importance of the issue/problem. Online Resources: I have collected a set of valuable sites for researching Native Americans. I suggest you use them first. Surf the web to fill in the missing facts. You may also use print resources and video based info. If you use a resource not listed here, document it in your cited works (bibliography) at the end of your report.
Internet Public Library: Native American text columns on american Indian/Alaska native education from also links to many otheramerican Indian Education Standardization Project http//www.edu.gov.on.ca http://www.ipl.org/div/subject/browse/soc40.55.00/
Extractions: "The Alaskan Native Knowledge Network is designed to serve as a resource for compiling and exchanging information related to Alaska Native knowledge systems and ways of knowing. It has been established to assist Native people, government agencies, educators and the general public in gaining access to the knowledge base that Alaaska Natives have aquired through cumulative experience over millennia."
EDSITEment Calendar 2 1972500 native Americans conclude the Trail of Broken treaties march to Washington,DC native Americans From the Land from Teacher Serve (W) Mexico and http://edsitement.neh.gov/calendar_November.html
HSU Library - Subject Guides Native American Studies Tribe (http//www.hoopansn.gov) This is of important documents, eg, the 1850 unratifiedtreaties. www.humboldt.edu/~jmg2) native american Studies Professor http://library.humboldt.edu/~berman/nas.htm
Extractions: Native American Children's Literature in the Classroom: An Annotated Bibliography Karen Strom maintains this extensive site. Do read the Frequently Asked Questions! This is an extremely well-maintained directory of Indian resources. Sections include: Information on Individual Native Nations; Native Organizations and Urban Indian Centers; Tribal Colleges, Native Studies Programs, and Indian Education; Languages; The Mascot Issue; Native Media (organizations, journals and newspapers, radio and television); Powwows and Festivals; Sources for Indian Music; Native Arts Organizations and Individuals (artists, performers, celebrities, actors, actresses, storytellers, authors, activists); Indians in the Military; Native Businesses; and General Indian-Oriented Home Pages. NativeWeb (http://www.nativeweb.org)
Special Assignment - Native Americans Commission http//www.nwifc.wa.gov/tribes/ Western flash.net/~kma/treaty.htm Chicasawtreaties from 1782 native american Lore Index Page http//www.ilhawaii.net http://www.noblenet.org/saugus/nativeamericans.html
Native American Resources E98.C3 P35 1993 Main, GREF http//www.census.gov/apsd/wepeople/we5.pdf A descriptiveprofile of american Indian and native Alaskan populations. http://www.lib.berkeley.edu/doemoff/gov_ntvam.html
Extractions: var treename = "Tree1"; tree = new COOLjsTreePRO(treename, GOVTREE_NODES, GOVTREE_FORMAT); Catalogs Find... Collections Services ... Government Information: US Federal General Resources Presidency Congress Judiciary ... Statistics International Organizations General Resources United Nations European Union Non-Govt Organizations ... Statistics Foreign Governments General Resources Europe Latin America Africa ... Canada Native American Resources Contents Tips for Searching Bibliographies /Directories Guides and Handbooks Law / Civilrights / Treaties / Federal programs ... Internet Resources The following describes certain basic resources for finding source materials on Native Americans in the UC Berkeley Libraries. Tips for Searching MELVYL lists more than 3,300 subtopics under the Library of Congress Subject Heading, "Indians of North America" at UCB. Subtopics include: region (nation, state/province, county, other locality); general fields (history, ethnology, folklore, economics, government relations); tribe/group; etc. Government documents can be searched in the Author field by the name of the government organ overseeing or studying Indian affairs. Government organs include Congress; Congressional committees and subcommittees (Congress. House. Committee on Public Lands. Subcommittee on Indian Affairs, e.g.); administrative agencies (Bureau of Indian Affairs, Department of the Interior, e.g.); or specific topics (Freedom of religion, gambling, legal status, laws, etc., e.g.).
