Nagorno-Karabagh War And Response The Minister for Education and culture affirmed that all children in nagorno Karabakhnow attend school, even though the school buildings have been devastated http://www.geocities.com/master8885/Maps/Nagorno-Karabagh.html
Extractions: The Land The contested territory of Nagorno Karabakh is a patch of fertile, mountainous land on the eastern rim of the Armenian plateau overlooking the broad Azerbaijani plain to the east. To the west lies the Republic of Armenia, less than 5 miles away at the nearest point. The Islamic Republic of Iran is less than 15 miles to the south. The two major towns of the enclave, Stepanakert and Shusha, are but a few miles from each other, with the mountain fortress of Shusha towering over the more modern Stepanakert below. Before the current war the towns were centres of light industry. In the countryside the economy was based on subsistence farming. In times of peace the land provided the people of Nagorno Karabakh with a good supply of the basic necessities of life. The name Nagorno Karabakh, meaning mountainous black garden, came into currency in this form in the 19th century and reflects linguistically the major imperial political powers that ruled the region during the past 1,000 years. Nagorno means mountainous in Russian, while Karabakh is a compound of the Turkish word for black (kara) and a Persian word for garden (bakh). The use of the adjective 'Nagorno' distinguishes the mountainous part of the former Turkic and Persian ruled province of Karabakh, largely populated by Armenians, from the lowland part, inhabited mainly by Azeri-Turks. Artsakh, an ancient Armenian name for the region, which predates the name Karabakh, is the official name of the Republic of Nagorno Karabakh and is used within the Armenian community and in some western publications.
Sunvil Discovery - Armenia & Nagorno Karabagh The country is located at the intersection of important trade routes and has alwayspossessed rich natural resources and an advanced culture, which has made it http://www.sunvil.co.uk/sites/sunvil-europe/armenia_and_nagorno_karabagh.asp
Extractions: Hungary Lebanon Syria The Transcaucasian republic of Armenia is a former Soviet country and has rightly been called an Open Air geological and archaeological museum. This mountainous country, at an average 1,800m above sea level, is one of sighing peaks and sweeping plateaux covering a total area of 29,740 square kilometres, about the size of Belgium (half the size of Ireland). It has no access to the sea, being enclosed by Turkey to the west, Iran to the south, Georgia to the north and Azerbaijan to the east. The population numbers approximately 3.7 million, of which 1.25 million live in and around Yerevan, the capital. Armenia is one of the ancient centres of world civilisation and has been inhabited since the early Stone Age. Ancient Armenia was one of the largest states in the near east and was often pitted against Rome and Persia. Architecture, theatre, art and literature were already at their peak before 301AD when Armenia formally adopted Christianity, the first country in the world to do so.
History During the Soviet period the Armenian culture and economy flourished. Because ofthe nagornokarabagh conflict, Armenia has been the subject of an economic http://www.armenia-sugar.am/historydetail_frame.htm
Extractions: Detailed History of Armenia and Sugar Production A Brief Glimpse of Armenian History The Armenians trace their history to sixth century B.C. Throughout history Armenia has been a battlefield for many invaders, contending empires, and a bridge for many cultures and civilizations. During the past 2,700 years, Armenia was conquered by the Persian Empire, Alexander the Great, the Roman Empire, Byzantium, the Arabs, Seljuqs, Mongols, Tatars, the Ottoman Empire, Safavid Persia, and the Russian Empire. Armenian kingdoms, principalities and even a short-lived empire (95-55 B.C.) managed to survive and thrive for some 1,700 years. Under various kings and princes, the Armenians developed a sophisticated culture, an original architecture and their own national alphabet. In the year 2001, the Armenians will celebrate the 1700th anniversary of the adoption of Christianity as their religion. The Seljuq conquest of the last Armenian kingdom in the 11th century marked the beginning of an exodus of the Armenians from historical Armenia resulting in the advent of an Armenian Diaspora. As a result of this migration, an Armenian kingdom was established on the shores of the Mediterranean, in Cilicia. This kingdom, often an ally to the West during the period of the Crusades, absorbed Frankish culture. The kingdom fell in 1375, ending the independence of the Armenian Statehood. In the aftermath of World War I, the Armenians formed a small independent republic. It lasted two years. Notwithstanding U.S. President Woodrow Wilsons recommendations through the Treaty of Sèvres (1920) to recreate an Armenia within the realm of its historical lands, it was vanquished by Turkey and was forcibly incorporated within the Soviet domain in 1920. It became one of the 15 Soviet republics constituting the Soviet Union. During the Soviet period the Armenian culture and economy flourished. However, Armenians suffered enormous losses during World War II and were subjected to periodic deportations ordered by Stalins regime. After the breakup of the Soviet Union, Armenia reemerged as an independent republic, ethnically homogenous, though landlocked, and without energy. Because of the Nagorno-Karabagh conflict, Armenia has been the subject of an economic blockade by Turkey and Azerbaijan for the past eight years.
HyeEtch - Republic Of Armenia - Karabagh P2 and individual and encapsulates its nation s history, culture and aspirations. TheCoatof-arms. The coat-of-arms of the Republic of nagorno-karabagh is made up http://www.hyeetch.nareg.com.au/republic/karabagh_p2.html
Extractions: Statistics Government History Industry, ... Karabagh Republic of Nagorno Karabagh (Artsakh) The Flag - By Stuart Notholt he flag of the Republic of Nagorno-Karabagh (Artsakh) was adopted on June 2nd 1991. It is derived from the flag of Armenia, which consists of three equal horizontal stripes of red, blue and orange with a westwards pointing step like arrow (white division), which signifies very graphically Karapagh's current separation from Armenia, and its hopes for union with the Motherland. The design also recalls that of the world famous (and very expensive) Armenian rugs. The Artsakh flag is surely a good example of what a national flag should be, it is highly distinctive and individual and encapsulates its nation's history, culture and aspirations. The Coat-of-arms The coat-of-arms of the Republic of Nagorno-Karabagh is made up of the following elements: The eagle - which is the dominant figure on the coat-of-arms. A symbol of pride and strength. The shield - centred on the chest of the eagle is a shield made up of three deferent elements; A panorama of a mountain range, which represent the topography of the Republic of Nagorno-Karabagh, from which its name was derived, (Nagorno - in Russian means mountainous).
HyeEtch - Contents (Site Map) History of nagorno karabagh; Economy Energy Profile; Chronology of events. The Armenian Genocide Arts and culture of Armenia Introduction http://www.hyeetch.nareg.com.au/contents.html
Extractions: Contents (Site map) he following list is provided to assist you to find a specific subject with ease. Just click on an entry to access that subject. This list also acts as a site map to help you get a general feel of Hye Etch. Resent subjects will display a sign next to their entries. Home Page (Main welcome page) Book Cover Main Introduction (How to navigate through Hye Etch?) The Armenians Introduction Republic of Armenia Introduction A brief glimpse of Armenian History A brief look at current Armenia ... Science and Education Tourism in Armenia The currency (Dram) New and old bank notes Stamps of Armenia The Flag (Yerakoun) The Anthem of the Republic of Armenia Coat-of-Arms of the Republic of Armenia Republic of Nagorno Karabagh (Artsakh) The Armenian Genocide Introduction The "Forgotten Genocide" History of the Armenians Massacres: Preface to genocide ... Why remember?
Hetq Online land, unique dialect, culture and millennial Apostolic Christian church. With thecollapse of the Soviet Union, the Armenians of nagornokarabagh were plunged http://www.hetq.am/eng/photostory/2004_may_karabagh_about.html
Extractions: Nagorno-Karabagh is a rugged mountainous region just East of Armenia in the Caucasus and has been inhabited by Armenians since the 3rd Century BC. A myriad of empires and just as many native peoples have come and gone from the area, but the Armenians have remainedclinging stubbornly and passionately to their ancestral land, unique dialect, culture and millennial Apostolic Christian church. With the collapse of the Soviet Union, the Armenians of Nagorno-Karabagh were plunged into a war for independence against a vastly superior (in numbers and military might) Azerbaijan. Six years of barbaric war wreaked havoc on Nagorno-Karabaghclaiming thousands of lives, creating tens of thousands of refugees and bringing widespread physical and economic ruin over the land. The only (and astonishing) saving grace: victory on the battlefield and control of not only almost all of Nagorno-Karabagh, but nearly 10% of Azerbaijan proper. Since a 1994 tentative cease-fire, the Armenians of Nagorno-Karabagh have rushed headlong into creating all the trappings of statehood and calling themselves a republicthough no one else does. Still technically in a state of war and under a severe economic blockade, they have also been struggling to rebuild their land, to restore dignity to their lives and to create a future for themselves out of thin air.
Blueprint For Resolution Of Nagorno Karabakh Creating Special Mechanisms to Protect Minority Rights and Free Expression of culture. Thecurrent struggle over nagorno karabagh began in February of 1988 when http://www.armeniaforeignministry.com/fr/nk/blueprint.html
Extractions: Table of Contents I. Introduction II. Background A. Brief History of the Conflict Before Sovietization Nagorno Karabagh Under Soviet Azerbaijani Rule: 1920-1988 1988 to the Present B. The Peace Process Mediation by the Russian Federation and the Commonwealth of Independent States Actions Taken by the United Nations Security Council OSCE Mediation Efforts C. Identification of Strategic Interests Russia United States Turkey Iran Western oil companies D. US Congressional Actions III. The Right of Self-Determination A. The Meaning of Self-Determination International Recognition of the Principle of Self-Determination Who is Entitled to Self-Determination? Self-Determination and the Right to Independence The Process for Exercising the Right of Self-Determination B. Nagorno Karabagh's Legal Entitlement to Self-Determination The Armenians of Nagorno Karabagh are a Group Entitled to Self- Determination Nagorno Karabagh's Right to Self-Determination includes the right to independence IV.
REPUBLIC OF NAGORNO KARABAGH FOREIGN RELATIONS the $15 million, $8.3 million has been directed to implementing projects in NagornoKarabagh. in NKR since 1997, SPFA promotes the French culture and language http://www.armeniaforeignministry.com/htms/karabagh_fr.html
Extractions: FOREIGN RELATIONS The Nagorno Karabagh Republic, unrecognized by any nation in the world, does not have formal foreign relations in the traditional sense. However, multi-lateral and international organizations do operate in the Republic. The Republic also has Permanent Representation Missions and Public Information Offices in four countries Armenia and the 3 nations represented in the Minsk Groupthe United States, France and Russia. The goals of the offices are to present the Republic's positions on various issues, provide information and to facilitate the peace process. International Organizations Operating in Nagorno Karabagh American Red Cross (ARC) Operating in NKR since 1999, the American Red Cross is implementing a Primary Health Care (PHC) project to improve the knowledge and skills of regional, district and local physicians, nurses and community health workers in implementing PHC services and improving these services in first line health facilities. As part of this effort, health information systems are being developed, first-line facilities being rehabilitated and improved management protocols being developed. The American Red Cross is focusing on the 10 most widespread diseases affecting adults and children. This project is funded by USAID through Save the Children.
Arts Muuseums - Armenia stamps, silver coins, and currency of Armenia and nagorno karabagh since the withArmSite english .Web Sites presenting Armenia s Art/culture on the http://www.tuttinsieme.it/tutti/tut/eur/armenia/arts.htm
Extractions: Armenia Art and Museums Sergei Parajanov english - This is one of the newest museums, built to honor an internationally known Armenian director/producer. STAMPS OF KARABAKH english - The stamps of the Republic of Mountainous (Nagorno) Karabakh ROSLIN ART GALLERY english - It is a thriving center for art, a dynamic meeting point of centuries old Armenian art and contemporary fine art. A crossroad of art from the diaspora and Armenia, the gallery aspires to promote and introduce Armenian art, and to satisfy the palettes of art lovers and collectors. The Ararat-Eskijian Museum english - Ararat Home of Los Angeles, located in Mission Hills, California. .... .. The Ararat-Eskijian Museum was created for the preservation of national Armenian treasures, and the perpetuation of a heritage before it is lost and forgotten. Zakarian Foundation armenian/english - THE ZAKARIAN FOUNDATION is a private non-profit organization established in Yerevan to promote socio-cultural, educational and welfare projects in Armenia. Stamps and Banknotes of Armenia english - A colorful display and prices for the stamps, silver coins, and currency of Armenia and Nagorno Karabagh since the 1992 Independence. Prices, images and options to buy complete collections.
PROF gave a talk on nagornokarabagh Population, Language conducting field researchon karabagh dialects while language, demographics, and culture of karabagh at http://www.commercemarketplace.com/home/naasr/VauxFeb2002.htm
Extractions: Harvard University professor of linguistics Bert Vaux gave a talk on Nagorno-Karabagh: Population, Language, and Cultural Change in on Thursday evening, November 15, at Harvard University. The event was co-sponsored by the National Association for Armenian Studies and Research and Harvards Armenian Students Society. First-Hand Observer of Current Conditions Prof. Vaux spent August 2001 in Stepanakert, Karabaghs capital, teaching at the Summer Institute on Armenian Dialectology and conducting field research on Karabagh dialects while also traveling throughout the entire region. This gave him a rare opportunity to witness the changes in the language, demographics, and culture of Karabagh at close range; and as an expert on Armenian dialects he comes well-qualified to shed light on this region. Vaux has done extensive research on the Armenian language, especially documentation, preservation, and analysis of nonstandard dialects. He is the author of The Phonology of Armenian and the co-author, with Prof. Kevork Bardakjian of the University of Michigan, of forthcoming textbooks of Eastern and Western Armenian.
Nagorno-Karabakh - Internet Resources Fact Sheet on nagorno karabagh; nagorno- karabagh - White Paper of Foreign Affairsof the nagorno-Karabakh Republic culture ArC Studio - music world of Astsakh http://www.slavweb.com/eng/fsu/karab-e.html
A Guide To Armenian Links The Republic of Armenia Politics and Diplomacy ; Rieff Article on NK; Samaritan sPurse - Guided Tour - nagorno karabagh; The Spirit of Armenia. its culture. http://www.spongobongo.com/armlink.htm
Extractions: A Guide to Armenian Links Notes on Armenia ABC Country Book of Armenia 1700th Anniversary of Christianity American University of Armenia ... Armenia - general information, travel and tourism, Armenian news and views, visa regulations, business and economy, websites in Armenia. Armenia: A Year In Images Armenian Action Center Armenia and Armenian! - All about Armenia. Your complete guide to Armenia and Armenians! news from Armenia, painters, churches, pictures, culture, Armenian Assembly of America, Inc. Armenia-Azerbaijan Initiative: Main Page Armenian Church - directory, liturgy, links. The Armenian Church Armenian Cookbook On-line 200 Recipes. Armenia (country) (Encarta® Concise Encyclopedia Article) Armenia, Country Commercial Guide 1998
HyeForum -> Culture Above Conflict The tumbledown mosque of the 19th century in nagornokarabagh will soon becomea museum and a gallery of various religions history and culture. http://hyeforum.com/index.php?showtopic=6673
ArCNews - Links Section: Artsakh-related Sites ( 11 Jun 2004 ) The story of Artsakh (karabagh) in 200 color photographs land, its monuments, itspeople, its culture and its in such exotic destinations like nagornoKarabakh. http://news.artsakhworld.com/ArCNews/Eng/l.php?l=24
Extractions: www.armeniadiaspora.com Nagorno Karabagh Art To Launch 3-Rd Annual Festival Stepanakert, September 08, ARMENPRESS: Nagorno Karabagh Arts and Music Project (NK Arts) will launch its third annual Festival of Shushi on September 12th and 13th at the historic fortress of Shushi. The 2003 Festival of Shushi will premier Nane Ballet, Yerevan's leading modern dance company, with a captivating program called "When the Heart Speaks." Under the creative direction of Narine Topolyan, Nanet Ballet will activate this unique historic landmark with the extraordinary talent of 35 young female dancers who will perform traditional Armenian as well as ethno-jazz, Spanish flamenco, and Caucasian dances. Preceding Nanet Ballet's nightly performances the festival will feature the Shushi Quartet and Artsakh's Vernadoun pop-folk trio. Built over two centuries ago the old fortress of Shushi with its ancient entry provides a spectacular setting for NK Arts annual festival, which is conceived as a means to stimulate economic growth and social recovery for this otherwise isolated region in the world. "The revival of Shushi, Artsakh's ancient capital and once a dynamic cultural center, is of paramount importance for the renewal of a society that's in transition-says Neery Melkonian, NK Arts Director- Karabagh has been deprived of essentials on the cultural front which are taken for granted elsewhere."
Armenia Diaspora Conference Official Site For more information about the Land and culture Organization andour activitiesin Aterpatagan, Kessab, Armenia or nagorno karabagh, please visit www http://www.armeniadiaspora.com/projects/volunteer/lco.html
Extractions: On the weekend of February 28-29, 2004, the International Union of the Land and Culture Organization, headed by the founder and President, Keram Kevonian, held its annual meeting in Paris France. During this time, they selected the 2004 LCO summer project sites which are (1) the reconstruction of the School in the refugee village of Shatvan located in the Vartenis Area, Armenia; (2) the continuing effort to renovate parts of the Regional Hospital of Shushi. And finally (3), we will continue our restoration work in Kessab, Syria. As for our third site, we will continue our restoration work of the Armenian houses in Kessab. Last year, twenty-five LCO volunteers renovated a house with typical Armenian architectural design, which is destined to become an Armenian ethnographic museum. Kessab is a small Armenian-populated town in Syria, just near the Mediterranean Sea. It dates back to the Cilician Kingdom. The LCO has been holding campaigns in Kessab for the last 14 years. For 2004, LCO will complete this project. This campaign is only held during the month of August.
Page Title The Land and culture Organization (LCO) intends to open a boarding school for ArmenianEngineers and Scientists of America Visit nagorno karabagh Republic. http://www.nkrusa.org/newsletter/montly_newsletter/2001/December/page3.html
Extractions: Stepanakert, December 7 . Representatives of the government and the private sector of Nagorno Karabagh visited the memorial complex in Stepanakert paying tribute to the victims of the disastrous earthquake that struck Armenia this day back in 1988. More than twenty thousand people died in the earthquake, which destroyed Armenian cities of Spitak and Gyumri. Stepanakert, December 20. President Ghoukasian received the Director of the Russian Institute for the CIS States Konstantin Zatulin. They discussed the current stage of Nagorno Karabagh conflict peace talks. Ghoukasian briefed Zatulin on the economic and social situation in Nagorno Karabagh. During the appearance before the local mass media later in the day, Zatulin said that his visit to Nagorno Karabagh convinced him that the people of Nagorno Karabagh would never exchange their independence for an illusory idea of unification with Azerbaijan. "The military solution of the conflict is unacceptable. Stability in the zone of the Karabagh conflict is in the strategic interests of Russia," Zatulin said.
Regional, Asia, Armenia: Society And Culture Hye Etch Book with information on Armenian history, culture, arts, and The Ceasefirein nagorno karabagh - Includes images from the disputed enclave and http://www.combose.com/Regional/Asia/Armenia/Society_and_Culture/
Extractions: Top Regional Asia Armenia ... Religion Related links of interest: Regional:Europe:Society and Culture Amnesty International Appeals against Death Sentences - Press release about an appeal against death sentences for three prisoners, hosted by World History Archives. Armenia and Jews - Offers country data, brief information on the Jewish community, its relations with Armenians and bilateral relations with Israel. Armenia: Portraits of Survival - A photo-essay by Jerry Berndt depicting suffering in the country after the 1988 earthquake and the economic crisis following the collapse of the USSR. Features an introduction by Professor Donald Miller of USC. Armenian Heritage Organization - Introduces the Armenian culture, art, history, homeland and traditions. Armenian Openweb Workshop - Presents web projects. Armenian World - A portal devoted to history, culture, arts and entertainment. Includes also a section about the novelist William Saroyan and various links. Armenians and Migration - Analyzes the demography of the country with statistics. Armenians.com
Society And Culture Armenia Asia Regional descent and a forum. ? The Ceasefire in nagorno karabagh www.oneworld.am/Asia Armenia Society and culture. Includes images from the http://www.interactiva.org/Dir/I/English/Regional/Asia/Armenia/Society_and_Cultu
History cosmopolitan as well as fierce protectors of their culture and tradition a territorialdispute with Azerbaijan over the enclave of nagorno karabagh, to which http://www.armeniaemb.org/DiscoverArmenia/History/History.htm
Extractions: Home Diplomatic Mission Armenia US Relations Kids ... Consular Affairs History Discover Armenia One of the world's oldest civilization, Armenia once included Mount Ararat, which biblical tradition identifies as the mountain that Noah's ark rested on after the flood. It was the first country in the world to officially embrace Christianity as its religion (c. 300). In the 6th century b.c.e., Armenians settled in the kingdom of Urarty (the Assyrian name for Ararat), which was in decline. Under Tigrane the Great (fl. 95-55 c.c.e.) the Armenian empire reached its height and became one of the most powerful in Asia, stretching from the Caspian to the Mediterranean Seas. Throughout most of its long history, however, Armenia has been invaded by a succession of empires. Under constant threat of domination by foreign forces, Armenians became both cosmopolitan as well as fierce protectors of their culture and tradition. After the Turkey defeat in World War I, the independent Republic of Armenia was established on May 28, 1918, but survived only until Nov. 29, 1920, when it was annexed by the Soviet Army. On March 12, 1922, the Soviets joined Georgia, Armenia, and Azerbaijan to form the Transcaucasian Soviet Socialist Republic, which became part of the USSR. In 1936, after reorganization, Armenia became a separate constituent republic of the USSR. Since 1988, Armenia has been involved in a territorial dispute with Azerbaijan over the enclave of Nagorno - Karabagh, to which both lay claim. Also in 1988, a devastating earthquake killed thousands and wreaked, economic havoc.
