Ecoi.net 08.01.2002 BBC Dozens of people died in clashes over land between indigenous farmers and settler tribesmen between the mambila and the nomadic Fulani http://www.ecoi.net/doc/en/NG/content/7/11674-12272
Arewa-online YORUBA. The Yoruba people live mostly in the Southwestern states. Yoruba Info Art Life in africa. IFA The indigenous Faith of africa. http://www.arewa-online.com/culture.html
Extractions: INVESTMENT NIGERIA GOVERNMENT STATES ... CULTURE CULTURE Travelling to Nigeria Hotels In Nigeria Travelling in Nigeria Map Of Nigeria ... Local (Other) Chambers of Commerce NCBTC took part in Trade Mission to Africa. ..read more Traditional music director e-Government - What is it? FORUM FOR INTERNATIONAL TRADE BETWEEN CANADA AND NIGERIA CATEGORIES The Yorubas The Hausas The Igbos The Urhobos ... The President History (Sites open in a separate window) The religions in Nigeria are roughly 36% Christian, 56% Muslim, and about 8% 'everything else', including traditional religions and beliefs. There are a number of different traditional religions available. They usually are specific to the different ethnic groups, and the deities are usually the gods and goddesses that the ethnic group believes in, and each ethnic group had a shrine dedicated to the deities that it believed in. The deities ranged from those who created the earth, to those who offer divine protection and/or blessings to it's worshippers, to those who had control over certain aspects of the world (like weather or war), to spirits that can be somewhat controlled by human beings. Most of these religions did not have written documentation of their beliefs and practices, but they did rely on a priest to teach them and to intervene on their behalf, and the priests were usually very highly trained for this, to the extent of being raised for this task sometimes.
Cultural Anthropology: MASPK Educational Resources Honduras The Embera and Waounan indigenous People of Panama Dreamed of 5,200 Years Ago People of Russia Africans The Virtual Institute of mambila Studies Ethno http://www.maspk.com/Arts/Anthropology/Anthropology7.html
Nigeria Country Analysis Brief: Environmental Issues source of both fuelwood for the indigenous people and a in 19931994 in which 1,400 people were killed MW hydroelectric power project on the mambila Plateau in http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/cabs/nigenv.html
Extractions: Ever since the discovery of oil in Nigeria in the 1950s, the country has been suffering the negative environmental consequences of oil development. The growth of the country's oil industry, combined with a population explosion and a lack of environmental regulations, led to substantial damage to Nigeria's environment, especially in the Niger Delta region, the center of the country's oil industry. The country also faces environmental challenges from air pollution and desertification, with the encroachment of the Sahara Desert in the north and severe air pollution in overcrowded cities such as Lagos and Abuja. The Niger Delta's main environmental challenges result from oil spills, gas flaring and deforestation. Oil spills in the Niger Delta have been a regular occurrence, and the resultant degradation of the surrounding environment has caused significant tension between the people living in the region and the multinational oil companies operating there. It is only in the the past decade that environmental groups, the Nigerian federal government, and the foreign oil companies that extract oil in the Niger Delta have begun to take steps to mitigate the damage. Air and Marine Pollution
Mambila Avatars And The Ancestor Cult - 1 Although the incorporation of the mambila into a modern they have not developed any indigenous cult of Some people hold that this comprises the spirits of all http://era.anthropology.ac.uk/Era_Resources/Era/Ancestors/dzanc_1.html
Extractions: Problems of history and interpretation are of far greater importance than Christianity, despite the greater frequency and regularity of Christian practice. The methodological challenge is to make explicit the basis for this assessment, and with this we must confront some of the classic problems of hermeneutics. Returning to the problem of ancestors Fortes (1965:124) draws on Gluckman (1937) to distinguish between ancestor worship and 'mere' cults of the dead. "In many countries there is a cult of the dead which is not a cult of the ancestors, since no tendence is paid to a line of ancestors." (Gluckman 1937:129) According to these anthropological avatars Mambila may be said to have no ancestors, but a cult of the dead. However, Gluckman also gives this definition of an ancestral cult: "If an ancestral cult may be defined as the belief in the continued interference of ancestral ghosts in the affairs of their living kin and continual ritual behaviour by the latter to the former." (125 ) This seems to imply that Mambila could be held to have ancestors but no ancestor cult. Indeed, it may be best to avoid the term ancestor and simply talk of the dead. However, this does not help with the problem of peripherality. Rather than discussing analytic definitions I wish to present the available evidence for Mambila ancestors and their attitude to the dead. Questions of definition may arise in the discussion of this evidence.
N. Lovell Review Of ZEITLYN, David, no systematic ethnography of the mambila in Somie of the obvious contact between indigenous forms of other notwithstanding that most people actively subscribe http://lucy.ukc.ac.uk/dz/lovell.html
Extractions: Published in Journal of Religion in Africa XXVIII(1): 115-7 (1997). Zeitlyn takes us through a detailed exploration of most aspects of Mambila descent, social and political organisation, providing rich and well documented ethnography relating to changes in kinship and politics in recent historical contexts. He documents, for instance, the occurence of non-lineal inheritance, in the process providing a useful critique of classical descent theories as these have been applied to West African situations. Similarly, he explores changes in political organisation which have resulted in the demise of acephalous structures and the adoption of centralised chieftainships in response to colonial processes. Throughout, he also emphasises the religious aspects of these institutions, while keeping his focus firmly fixed on the role played by oaths and masquerades in legitimising and perpetuating these structures. Zeitlyn explicitly underscores the fact that no systematic ethnography of the Mambila in Somie has previously been undertaken, and the present endeavour therefore presents valuable and important original material. Traditional religion is defined by Zeitlyn as encompassing mainly indigenous, localised forms of religious practice. He admits to the more or less predominant absence of a coherent discourse as a mode of localised explanation to religious behaviour and, although his approach might appear debatable in light of the obvious contact between indigenous forms of religion and Christianity and Islam, as punctuated by the statement that 'traditional religion and world religions are to a great extent separate and insulated from each other notwithstanding that most people actively subscribe to more than one religion' (p. 15), this is entirely consistent with his attempt at describing practices which, as he states, have not been subjected to overtly syncretic influences. In this light, Mambila 'traditional' religion is subjected to rigorous scrutiny.
CAMEROON @ Mail Order America researchers with an interest in the mambila people of the The indigenous Uses of Rain Forest Resources in Informal introduction to the country and its people. http://www.mailorderamerica.com/cameroon.htm
Mustang Daily Locals reported that the fighting between mambila indigenous farmers and 31 on the mambila Plateau of Taraba State the newspapers, more than 40 people have been http://www.mustangdaily.calpoly.edu/archive/20020114/news/international.html
Extractions: Boone allegedly struck the flight attendant in the head with his fist after she tried to prevent him from opening the rear door of the plane. She was treated for minor injuries. No one else was injured. After opening the door, Boone was reported to have surrendered to two male passengers who moved to subdue him. He was believed to be drinking. Annual state tests in reading and mathematics for every child in the third through eighth grades will be required in the 2005-06 school year. They will be given tests in science every three years. Schools must improve the percentage of students proficient in math and reading to 100 percent in 12 years. Schools that do not raise their scores in six years can be restaffed.
Extractions: Advanced Users ... Other Guides to Internet Resources Africa Research Central Gateway to archives, libraries, and museums with important collections of African primary sources. The focus is on repositories in Africa, but there are also links to the web sites of institutions in Europe and North America. African and Middle Eastern Reading Room (Library of Congress) Description of collections and services. African Studies Center (University of Pennsylvania) Information about the Center and online resources including the East African Living Encyclopedia, multimedia archives, maps and information on African countries, and links to additional Web sites. You may find a link to the library resources in this site and an explanation of the Library Consortium project. African Studies Internet Resources (Columbia University Libraries) Compilation of electronic bibliographic resources and research materials on Africa available on the Internet.
The Trend Towards Rwandisation Of Nigeria Must Be Halted Massacre of Fulani indigenous groups on the mambila plateau by the savage mambila tribal militia due home work very well to convince the people that it http://www.gamji.com/NEWS1082.htm
Extractions: The Trend Towards Rwandisation of Nigeria Must be Halted By Dr Sani Aminu sani_aminu@hotmail.com Communal clashes have been happening since independence as isolated incidences except for the civil war and the riots preceding it whose painful memory still lingers in the minds of many Nigerians. After the civil war, the most genuine reconciliation, reconstruction and rehabilitation in Africa was implemented by Gowon. I still believe his intention at that time was genuine, though he couldnÂ’t satisfy all. Our country then enjoyed peace for some time after that. However the trend towards Rwandisation of Nigeria started in 1985, since then our great country has been degenerating steadily in to anarchy. The trend is in five year periods. Thus between 1985-90, SAP was imposed on us by IMF/world bank through the then unvisionary and decadent leaders. It was at that period that the majority of Nigerians have been pushed beyond imaginable poverty. Communal clashes as well as highway armed robbery, hitherto not known in the North started sporadically in the early to mid 90s.The causes of the communal clashes are mainly rooted in frustrations resulting from economic problems, dubious policies of governments as well as misguided sentiments based on pathological hatred and savagery (otherwise known as religious extremism or ethnic nationalism).
REFERENCES Pastoralism and Sedentarization in the mambila Grasslands of The Struggle for the Land indigenous Insight and In The Future of Pastoral People Proceedings of http://www.gamji.com/fulani_references.htm
Extractions: REFERENCES Abalu, G. "Major Rural Development Issues in Nigeria." In Issues on Development: Proceedings of a seminar held in Zaria, Nigeria, January 12-13, 1982 , edited by Akin Fadahunsi, Moses Awogbade, and Are Kolawole, 5-13. Zaria, Nigeria: Ahmadu Bello University Press, 1985. Adefolalu, D. "Desertification Trends in the Sahel with Particular Reference to Nigeria." In Paper presented at the Workshop in Land Resource, Kano, September 25-28, 1986 , by the Bayero University. Kano: Department of Geography, 1986. Ademosun, A. Livestock Production in Nigeria: Our Commissions and Omissions, Inaugural Lecture Series 17 delivered at the University of Ife on February 29 1976 . Ife: University of Ife Press, 1976. Adholla-Migot, S., and P. Little. "Evolution of Policy Toward the Development of Pastoral Areas in Kenya." In The Future of Pastoral People: Proceedings of a Conference Held in Nairobi, August 4-8, 1980 , by the Institute of Development Studies. Nairobi: Institute of Development Studies, 1980, 144-153. Aleyidieno, S. "Education and Occupational Diversification Among Young Learners: The Problem of Harmonising Tradition Practices with the Lessons of Our Colonial Heritage." In
Consulate General Of Nigeria areas such as Obudu, jos and mambila Plateau. the activities of the categories of people involved in elephants, the whitefaced monkey (indigenous to Nigeria http://www.nigeria-consulate-ny.org/culture/m_culure_tourist.htm
Extractions: centuries in the field of arts. Nigerian versatility in art is so great that it is generally felt that all African nations should view Nigeria as the principal trustee of the most durable fruits of black artistic genius. It is not precisely known when the first works of Nigerian art reached the outside world, but in 1897, following a British punitive expedition to Benin, over 2,000 Benin bronzes and ivories were shipped to England and later dispersed all over Europe and America. (Picture courtesy Ramat Publishing, Inc. ) The oldest sculptures found in Nigeria were from the Southern Zaria and Benue areas of central Nigeria. They consist of terracotta figures and figurines made by a people who achieved a high degree of cultural sophistication. These sculptures, together with other cultural elements, have been named the Nok Culture. Evidence shows the Nok people had knowledge of iron smelting and adorned themselves with tin and stone beads, earrings, noserings and bracelets. The Nok Culture is dated between 500 B.C. and 200 A.D. The next known phase of Nigerian cultural evolution was Igbo Ukwu bronze casting. Found in the small village of Igbo-Ukwu, near Awka, the casts date from the 9th Century A.D. They first came to light in 1938 and consist of staff heads, crowns, breastplates, pendants
Riikka Korpela's Categorized And Commented Nigeria Links mambila People Information and Links by Art and Life indigenous African Resource Management of a Tropical Rain Yoruba People Information and Links by Art and http://media.urova.fi/~rkorpela/niglink.html
Extractions: This list includes links to websites made by Nigerians, on Nigeria and on Nigerians. I'm collecting this link list mainly because of my own interest. Still I hope it finds some other users too. One target group I hope find this list useful are people like me: those who want to know the country, maybe visit it. Also I hope the Nigerian children and other Nigerians in diaspora could use this to stay in contact with their homeland. As I am studying media studies, I have included some links to pages that have material I don't quite agree with. This is for the purpose to not only know about Nigeria but also to study the image Nigeria has in the net. So please bear in mind that some pages tell more about their author than about their topic. Note that I use the Finnish system in dates: dd.mm.yy. For example 1.3.99 means first of march. Send your suggestions and comments to rkorpela@levi.urova.fi . Thank you for visiting. See also Riikka's home
Analysis the conflict on the mambila Plateau in 20012002; 31 there are the original, autochtonous, indigenous, inhabitants of the genetic origin of a people speaking a http://www.ceddert.com/analysis-02-01-03-6.htm
Extractions: Analysis PUBLISHED AND PRINTED IN ZARIA Volume 2 No. 2. February 2003 Violent Ethnic Conflicts in NigeriaBeyond Myths and Mystifications By Bala Usman The most primary of the fabrics binding all human communities, throughout the world, from the earliest Stone Age hunting and gathering bands, up to today, has been the provision, on a sustained basis, of the security of life, and of the means of life, to the members of that community. But, even from that very ancient period of human development, one of the most difficult political problems that human communities and polities have faced, is that of establishing on a feasible, and operationable, basis who is a member of the community and who is not. For, this defines where the boundaries of the community and the polity begin and end, and who comes within that community and who is outside it and constitutes an actual or, a potential threat to the security and safety of its members. But, also one of the most permanent features of human development has been that these boundaries have to keep changing and, generally, expanding in order to incorporate others, who do not have the same ancestry, but who move in due to all sorts of factors and constitute a dynamic factor in improving the cultural, technological, economic and even political levels of the community. Human progress at all levels, even at the level of genetic development, is inseparable from immigration and the inter-mixing of different groups to form new groups. But, this process always challenges the existing order and generates tension, stresses, which can be used to set off violent conflicts. These are lessons of history we have to face in Nigeria, as others are facing them in all countries of the world.
Anthropology Links WIDE WEB VIRTUAL LIBRARY The Center For World indigenous Studies; Page; A version of a mambila transcript with Swift Creek people, Archaeological site in Georgia; http://www.skidmore.edu/academics/anthropology/sbender/links.html
Extractions: Skidmore International Affairs A new program of interdisciplinary study at Skidmore in which the Anthropology department is a part of. Anthropology in the WWW Virtual Library http://spirit.lib.uconn.edu/archaeology.html ArchNet (Good place to begin a search.) INDIGENOUS STUDIES WORLD WIDE WEB VIRTUAL LIBRARY The Center For World Indigenous Studies ArchNet - Europe (Current archaeology web resources in or about Europe) EiNet Galaxy (Links to other sites.) UVa AnthroNet (Information about the University of Virginia, and anthropology resources on the Net.) Journal of Field Archaeology Journal of World Anthropology k-Radiocarbon American Folklife Center ... Links to Aboriginal Resources (Excellent site for links to U.S., Canada, Australia, and New Zealand) Lisa Mitten's Home Page (Good site for Native American links) Native Web Archaeological Fieldwork Server Archaeology on Film: An Electronic Database of Archaeology Film Reviews (Short reviews of archaeological films and videos) Archaeology in Arctic North America Chaco Canyon Discovery of a Paleolithic Painted Cave at Vallon (France) (English version. These are the cave paintings that were recently discovered) Jamestown Rediscovery Archaeology Project Inca Trail and Macchu Picchu (Take a virtual stroll on the Inca Trail) Information on Belize Archaeology Lords of the Earth: Maya/Aztec/Inca Exchange Maya Astronomy Page (Also covers their calender, writing, math, and other Maya-related links)
Extractions: Similarly the Akwanshi carved monoliths represent a tradition that died out by 1900 and are said to represent the images of the ethnic or village ancestors of the Nta, Nselle and Nnam groups of the Cross River area who own them. In terms of historical dating and chronology, however, it is significant that the story of their origins and date have been lost with time, which in itself provides a clue as to the depth of their antiquity. It is these great cultural and artistic achievements of the Nigerian people that constitute our shared cultural and artistic heritage which flourished long before European incursions. These include great monumental sculptures, paintings, ceramics, pottery, and earthenware, and the making of murals, textiles and clothing, rock paintings, and architectural designs and drawings, which were made in virtually every nook and cranny of the country. Art was an integral part of life in the pre-colonial period and where artists ranked higher than other professional groups.
I Can Eat Glass Project is also spoken by 50 million people as a in Cameroon and Nigeria In mambila Transliteration ml German, English, Dutch and various indigenous languages hung http://www.geocities.com/nodotus/hbglass.html
Extractions: Notes: Egyptian Arabic is the most popular Arabic dialect, this is due tothe huge backing of T.V. and radio all-over the Arab world. It is also spoken by 50 million people as a mother tongue which puts it on the top of the list of all arabic dialects. Unfortunately anything that has to be written will be translated to classical form first that's why this and other Arabic dialects tend to be only spoken. Spoken in: Online Portuguese community
Anthropology - Publications Theodossopoulos D, The land people work and the land the ecologists want indigenous land valorisation Bagg J, mambila demography from archival sources, 2000, http://www.hyphen.info/rdf/hero/37_ra2_coauthor.php
Anthropology - Publications Bagg J, mambila demography from archival sources, 2000, RE, Game animals, palms and people of the Campbell BR, Animals behaving badly indigenous perceptions of http://www.hyphen.info/rdf/hero/37_ra2_author.php
Extractions: Anthropology - Publications Anthropology RDF RDF Zip People Publications ... BOTTOM Author Title Date Place of Publication ... ALLEN NJ Hinduism, structuralism and Dumezil. University of Oxford ALLEN NJ Imra, pentads and catastrophes. University of Oxford ALLEN NJ Categories and classifications: Maussian reflections on the social. University of Oxford ALLEN NJ The Indo-European prehistory of yoga University of Oxford Abramson A. Sacred cows of `Development: Reflections on the Moral Economy of Fijian Personhood in the Context of Dairy Transformation in Agriculture University College London Abramson A. Mythical Land, Legal Boundaries: Wondering About Landscape and other Tracts University College London Abramson A. Dialectics of Localisation: The Political Articulation of Land Rites and Land Rights in the Interior of Eastern Fiji (1874-c.1990) University College London Abramson A. Bounding the unbounded: ancestral land and jural relations in the interior of Eastern Fiji University College London Aiello L.C. A comparison of the Nariokotome Homo erectus with juveniles from a modern human population University College London M. Clegg
Linguistic Exploration Virtual Institute of mambila Studies This project will apply machine translation to indigenous languages, by those of Europe (spoken by some 40 million people). http://www.ldc.upenn.edu/exploration/
Extractions: Linguistic Exploration Linguistic Exploration is a mode of investigation in (computational) linguistics involving empirical research on complex, dynamic, multimodal datasets through the combination of traditional field methods with new technologies for storing and analyzing linguistic data. The languages under study may range from the undescribed to the well-studied, and the investigator may operate in a village or a laboratory. The focus is the documentary and exploratory mode of research, generating reusable language resources, and developing new techniques for working with continually evolving datasets. Online proceedings: IRCS Workshop on Linguistic Databases
