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Democratic Republic Of Congo - The People And Their History First indigenous Societies. Different groups of people speaking Bantu languages migrated during the first Wellknown are the Kongo, Luba, lunda and Kuba Empires http://www.pcusa.org/pcusa/wmd/ep/country/dempeop.htm
Extractions: Ecumenical Partnership Central and West Africa Democratic Republic of Congo DRC The rain forest covering most of the Congo River basin obscures archaeological sites, making knowledge of human origins in present-day Congo and evidence of past societies scarce. By the middle of the second millennium A.D., the Bantu had begun to organize themselves into small states governed by chiefs, some of which were later formed into larger kingdoms. Well-known are the Kongo, Luba, Lunda and Kuba Empires. In that same period, two groups of people speaking non-Bantu languages started to penetrate the northern region. These migrations have laid the basis for the Congo's present day population, comprising of numerous ethnic groups which are designated by the external boundaries. In the fifteenth century, Portuguese explorers landed on the coast at the mouth of the Congo River. There they found an organized society, the Bakongo Kingdom, which included parts of areas presently known as Angola, Congo (Kinshasa) and Congo (Brazzaville). The Portuguese named the area, Congo, after this kingdom and soon after their arrival they began buying slaves from the Kongo people. The impact of this trade on local communities became even more disastrous with extensive slave raids carried out by Afro-Arabs from Zanzibar. These events caused a serious depopulation of the area and crippled the Congo for almost 400 years.
Military.org -- CountryWatch.com the most prominent of the indigenous languages declining numbers of speakers, among people speaking Adamawa Bantu origin, including Luba, Kongo, Mongo and lunda. http://www.countrywatch.com/mi_topic.asp?vCOUNTRY=40&SECTION=SOCIAL&TOPIC=CLPEO&
Typophile Forums: Foreign Languages Fonts the first language of most people is one major vernaculars Bemba, Kaonda, Lozi, lunda, Luvale, Nyanja Tonga, and about 70 other indigenous languages Zimbabwe http://www.typophile.com/forums/messages/14800/18836.html?1072891891
AllAfrica.com: Mining percent stake set aside for indigenous people in the company Mineral Commodities was evicting people from their Angola lundaNorte UN Agencies Assess Human http://allafrica.com/mining/
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AllRefer Reference - Zaire - Family Planning | Zaire Information Resource MacGaffey s several books on the Kongo people, the most of Health and Healing in africa, edited by The volume includes discussions of indigenous concepts of http://reference.allrefer.com/country-guide-study/zaire/zaire103.html
Extractions: Zaire Zaire Family planning began late and was accepted slowly in Zaire. In 1972 the Mobutu regime officially expressed interest in limiting births to "desirable" ones and thus promoted family planning for reasons of health and as a human right. In 1973 a presidential decree created an official clearinghouse committee for familyplanning information. It was not until 1978, however, that the state established a nongovernment organization dedicated to family planning, namely the Zairian Association for Family Well-Being (Association Zaïroise pour le Bien- Être FamilialAZBEF). It was formed in order to acquire technical and financial aid from the International Planned Parenthood Federation. Evaluation teams sent in 1981 were unable to evaluate the impact of the early programs because of the lack of data and the small numbers of acceptors. Not until the launching of an AID-funded program in 1982the Project for Planned Birth Services (Projet des Services des Naissances DésirablesPSND)did family-planning efforts begin in earnest. Problems in coordinating PSND efforts with AZBEF led to the establishment of three systems working in parallel, PSND, AZBEF, and Rural Health (Santé RuraleSanru), a rural family health care project with a family-planning component. PSND statistics have been the most complete. PSND selected fourteen urban areas with a target population of about 800,000 women and aimed to increase contraceptive use from 1 percent to 12 percent by 1986. Early returns were disappointing, with only 1.6 percent usage reported by a mid-term evaluation mission in 1985. Later trends were more encouraging, including a 1984-87 quadrupling of family-planning acceptors (see
Extractions: Angola Angola Although the precolonial history of many parts of Africa has been carefully researched and preserved, there is relatively little information on the region that forms contemporary Angola as it was before the arrival of the Europeans in the late 1400s. The colonizers of Angola, the Portuguese, did not study the area as thoroughly as British, French, and German scholars researched their colonial empires. The Portuguese, in fact, were more concerned with recording the past of their own people in Angola than with the history of the indigenous populations. The limited information that is available indicates that the original inhabitants of present-day Angola were hunters and gatherers. Their descendants, called Bushmen by the Europeans, still inhabit portions of southern Africa, and small numbers of them may still be found in southern Angola. These Khoisan speakers lost their predominance in southern Africa as a result of the southward expansion of Bantu-speaking peoples during the first millennium A.D. The Bantu speakers were a Negroid people, adept at farming, hunting, and gathering, who probably began their migrations from the rain forest near what is now the Nigeria-Cameroon border. Bantu expansion was carried out by small groups that made a series of short relocations over time in response to economic or political conditions. Some historians believe that the Khoisan speakers were peacefully assimilated rather than conquered by the Bantu. Others contend that the Khoisan, because of their passive nature, simply vacated the area and moved south, away from the newcomers.
The Terrorism Research Center :: 40% of Indians), Muslim 2%, Hindu 1.5% (60% of Indians), indigenous beliefs and Known Terrorist Groups Operating in South africa People Against Gangsterism http://www.homelandsecurity.com/modules.php?op=modload&name=Countries&file=index
Council For World Mission | CWM | Christian Charity Organization Tsonga, Ndebele Bemba, Nyanja, Kaonde, lunda, Luvale, Lozi which Independent Christianity 50%), indigenous beliefs (25 youth, the environment and people with HIV http://www.cwmission.org.uk/about/view_church.cfm?ChurchID=9
Talking About "Tribe" While there are many indigenous Zambian words which translate into nation, people, clan, language labelled lazy and indolent and the lunda considered to http://www.africaaction.org/bp/ethall.htm
Extractions: Last updated November, 1997 For most people in Western countries, Africa immediately calls up the word "tribe." The idea of tribe is ingrained, powerful, and expected. Few readers question a news story describing an African individual as a tribesman or tribeswoman, or the depiction of an African's motives as tribal. Many Africans themselves use the word "tribe" when speaking or writing in English about community, ethnicity or identity in African states. Yet today most scholars who study African states and societiesboth African and non-Africanagree that the idea of tribe promotes misleading stereotypes. The term "tribe" has no consistent meaning. It carries misleading historical and cultural assumptions. It blocks accurate views of African realities. At best, any interpretation of African events that relies on the idea of tribe contributes no understanding of specific issues in specific countries. At worst, it perpetuates the idea that African identities and conflicts are in some way more "primitive" than those in other parts of the world. Such misunderstanding may lead to disastrously inappropriate policies. In this paper we argue that anyone concerned with truth and accuracy should avoid the term "tribe" in characterizing African ethnic groups or cultures. This is not a matter of political correctness. Nor is it an attempt to deny that cultural identities throughout Africa are powerful, significant and sometimes linked to deadly conflicts. It is simply to say that using the term "tribe" does not contribute to understanding these identities or the conflicts sometimes tied to them. There are, moreover, many less loaded and more helpful alternative words to use. Depending on context, people, ethnic group, nationality, community, village, chiefdom, or kin-group might be appropriate. Whatever the term one uses, it is essential to understand that identities in Africa are as diverse, ambiguous, complex, modern, and changing as anywhere else in the world.
Case In Point: Zambia While there are many indigenous Zambian words which The lunda, for instance, were considered good material from the marriage rate among people of different http://www.africaaction.org/bp/ethzam.htm
Extractions: Published November, 1997 Zambia is slightly larger than the U.S. state of Texas. The country has approximately 10 million inhabitants and a rich cultural diversity. English is Zambia's official language but it also boasts 73 different indigenous languages. While there are many indigenous Zambian words which translate into nation, people, clan, language, foreigner, village, or community, there are none that easily translate into "tribe." Sorting Zambians into a fixed number of "tribes" was a byproduct of British colonial rule over Northern Rhodesia (as Zambia was known prior to independence in 1964). The British also applied stereotypes to the different groups. Thus the Bemba, Ngoni and the Lozi were said to be "strong." The Bemba and the Ngoni were "warlike" although the Bemba were considered the much "finer race" because the Ngoni had intertwined with "inferior tribes and have been spoiled by civilization." The Lamba were labelled "lazy and indolent" and the Lunda considered to have "an inborn distaste for work in a regular way." These stereotypes in turn often determined access to jobs. The Lunda, for instance, were considered "good material from which to evolve good laborers." After Zambia gained its independence in 1964, the challenge was how to forge these disparate ethnic groups into a nation-state in which its citizens would identify as Zambians. To a large extent, this has succeeded. Zambians identify with the nation as well as with individual ethnic groups. Many trace their own family heritage to more than one Zambian group. Most Zambians live not only within but beyond their ethnic boundaries. Identities at different levels coexist and change.
EcoWorld - People Countries Record major vernaculars Bemba, Kaonda, Lozi, lunda, Luvale, Nyanja Muslim and Hindu 24%-49%, indigenous beliefs 1 Illiteracy % 31, Motor Vehicles per 1,000 People http://www.ecoworld.org/People/EcoWorld_People_Countries_Record.cfm?Autonumber=2
Zambia - Wikitravel HIV/AIDS people living with HIV/AIDS 870,000 75%, Muslim and Hindu 24%-49%, indigenous beliefs 1 major vernaculars - Bemba, Kaonda, Lozi, lunda, Luvale, Nyanja http://wikitravel.org/en/article/Zambia
Extractions: note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower population and growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2002 est.) Language English (official), major vernaculars - Bemba, Kaonda, Lozi, Lunda, Luvale, Nyanja, Tonga, and about 70 other indigenous languages Religion Christian 50%-75%, Muslim and Hindu 24%-49%, indigenous beliefs 1% This article is an import from the CIA World Factbook 2002. It's a starting point for creating a real Wikitravel country article according to our country article template . Please plunge forward and edit it.
SAGC: Zambia People. Christian 50%75%, Muslim and Hindu 24%-49%, indigenous beliefs 1%. English (official), major vernaculars-Bemba, Kaonda, Lozi, lunda, Luvale, Nyanja http://www.germanchamber.co.za/files/countries/zambia.htm
Extractions: Geography Location : Southern Africa, east of Angola Area : Total : 752,614 sq km Land : 740,724 sq km Water : 11,890 sq km Climate : tropical; modified by altitude; rainy season (October to April) Terrain : mostly high plateau with some hills and mountains Natural Resources : copper, cobalt, zinc, lead, coal, emeralds, gold, silver, uranium, hydropower Land Use : Arable Land : Permanent Crops : Permanent Pastures : Other : 14% (1993 est.) Irrigated Land : 460 sq km (1993 est.) Natural Hazards : tropical storms (November to April) Environment-current Issues : air pollution and resulting acid rain in the mineral extraction and refining region; poaching seriously threatens rhinoceros and elephant populations; deforestation; soil erosion; desertification; lack of adequate water treatment presents human health risks
Country Reports the population (2,369,317 male; 2,413,070 female) people ages 65 and Hindu 24%49%, indigenous beliefs 1 vernaculars - Bemba, Kaonda, Lozi, lunda, Luvale, Nyanja http://www.classbrain.com/cb_cr/geos/za.html
Extractions: Home 1st - 3rd Grade State Reports Country Reports Mission Reports Freedom Files Kids Freedom Files Movies in the Classroom Games Monthy Grab Bag Teens ClassBrain Store Corporate Information Zambia click to enlarge Zambia Introduction [Top of Page] Background: The territory of Northern Rhodesia was administered by the South Africa Company from 1891 until takeover by the UK in 1923. During the 1920s and 1930s, advances in mining spurred development and immigration. The name was changed to Zambia upon independence in 1964. In the 1980s and 1990s, declining copper prices and a prolonged drought hurt the economy. Elections in 1991 brought an end to one-party rule, but the subsequent vote in 1996 saw blatant harassment of opposition parties. Geography [Top of Page] Location: Southern Africa, east of Angola Geographic coordinates: 15 00 S, 30 00 E Map references: Africa Area:
