Extractions: Dictionaries: General Computing Medical Legal Encyclopedia Word: Word Starts with Ends with Definition The population of DROC was estimated at 46.7 million in 1997. As many as 250 ethnic groups have been distinguished and named. The most numerous people are the Kongo, Luba, and Mongo. Although 700 local languages and dialects are spoken, the linguistic variety is bridged both by the use of French and the intermediary languages Kikongo, Tshiluba, Swahili, and Lingala. About 80% of the Congolese population are Christian, predominantly Roman Catholic. Most of the non-Christians adhere to either traditional religions or syncretic sects. Traditional religions embody such concepts as monotheism, animism, vitalism, spirit and ancestor worship, witchcraft, and sorcery and vary widely among ethnic groups; none is formalized. The syncretic sects often merge Christianity with traditional beliefs and rituals. The most popular of these sects, Kimbanguism, was seen as a threat to the colonial regime and was banned by the Belgians. Kimbanguism, officially "the church of Christ on Earth by the prophet Simon Kimbangu," now has about 3 million members, primarily among the Bakongo of Bas-Congo and Kinshasa. In 1969, it was the first independent African church admitted to the World Council of Churches. Before independence, education was largely in the hands of religious groups. The primary school system was well-developed at independence; however, the secondary school system was limited, and higher education was almost nonexistent in most regions of the country. The principal objective of this system was to train low-level administrators and clerks. Since independence, efforts have been made to increase access to education, and secondary and higher education have been made available to many more Congolese. Despite the deterioration of the state-run educational system in recent years, about 80% of the males and 65% of females, ages 6-11, were enrolled in a mixture of state- and church-run primary schools in 1996. At higher levels of education, males greatly outnumber females. The elite continues to send their children abroad to be educated, primarily in Western Europe.
Military.org -- CountryWatch.com largest ethnic groups, the Tshiluba with the lubaKasai of has become the most prominent of the indigenous languages. It is the language of the people from the http://www.countrywatch.com/mi_topic.asp?vCOUNTRY=40&SECTION=SOCIAL&TOPIC=CLPEO&
Joshua Project - Peoples By Country Profiles indigenous Fellowship of 100+ Click here to submit people profile URL People Profile URL. http://www.joshuaproject.net/peopctry.php?rop3=108944&rog3=ZA
Geog 300: Spring 2002 Review Questions 1 Karanga; luba; Lunda; Kongo. The most important of all Americas; The decimation of the American indigenous population; Which of the following people staged Islamic http://www.uwsp.edu/geo/faculty/ofori/geog300/RevQuest2.html
Democratic Republic Of Congo - The People And Their History First indigenous Societies. Different groups of people speaking Bantu languages migrated during the first Wellknown are the Kongo, luba, Lunda and Kuba Empires http://www.pcusa.org/pcusa/wmd/ep/country/dempeop.htm
Extractions: Ecumenical Partnership Central and West Africa Democratic Republic of Congo DRC The rain forest covering most of the Congo River basin obscures archaeological sites, making knowledge of human origins in present-day Congo and evidence of past societies scarce. By the middle of the second millennium A.D., the Bantu had begun to organize themselves into small states governed by chiefs, some of which were later formed into larger kingdoms. Well-known are the Kongo, Luba, Lunda and Kuba Empires. In that same period, two groups of people speaking non-Bantu languages started to penetrate the northern region. These migrations have laid the basis for the Congo's present day population, comprising of numerous ethnic groups which are designated by the external boundaries. In the fifteenth century, Portuguese explorers landed on the coast at the mouth of the Congo River. There they found an organized society, the Bakongo Kingdom, which included parts of areas presently known as Angola, Congo (Kinshasa) and Congo (Brazzaville). The Portuguese named the area, Congo, after this kingdom and soon after their arrival they began buying slaves from the Kongo people. The impact of this trade on local communities became even more disastrous with extensive slave raids carried out by Afro-Arabs from Zanzibar. These events caused a serious depopulation of the area and crippled the Congo for almost 400 years.
THE MAJOR TRIBES migrated into Western Zambia from the luba Lunda Kingdom The Lozi people eventually rose up against them in They conquered indigenous tribes there with ease. http://www.zambiatourism.com/travel/hisgeopeop/tribes.htm
Extractions: TRADITIONAL CEREMONIES With over 70 different tribes in Zambia, there is wide cultural diversity. Interestingly enough however, it is one of the few countries in Africa with very little tribal animosity, and the existence of so many tribes has proved less of a political problem than in many other African states. The Main tribes are the Lozi, the Bemba, the Ngoni, the Tonga, the Luvale and the Kaonde. The Lozi The Lozi migrated into Western Zambia from the Luba Lunda Kingdom of Mwata Yamvwa in Zaire, which was one of the greatest central African Chieftainships in the 17th and 18th Century. After some centuries they were conquered by the Makalolo from the South, fleeing themselves from the great Zulu conqueror, Shaka. They left their language, Sikololo as the lingua franca of the Barotse plains and imposed much of their cultural tradition on the area. The Lozi people eventually rose up against them in 1864 and all but annihilated them. Their Chief is called the Litunga and they are essentially cattlemen. Every year they migrate to higher ground above the barotse flodplains of the Zambezi in a grand ceremony called the Kuomboka. The Ngoni The Tonga Among the most numerous in Zambia, archaeological evidence proves their existence for at least 900 years in the Southern province. Six centuries ago, one of the areas where they now live, the Zambezi Valley, was a flourishing trade centre. Here there was brisk trade between the valley people and the Arabs, Chinese and Indians on the East coast of Africa.. One form of currency used was a copper ingot cast in the form of a cross.
The Blacksmith's Art From Africa to interpret the metallurgical processes the people witnessed when inexpensive iron onto the shores of africa. By 1920 indigenous furnaces ceased to produce http://www.africans-art.com/index.php3?action=page&id_art=363
The Ghanaian Chronicle - News Mandika, Dahomey, Oyo, Congo and luba empires among Dr. Kwame Nkrumah s Convention Peoples Party which politicians have encouraged indigenous Ivorians to http://www.ghanaian-chronicle.com/230828/page5a.htm
Extractions: (A National Service Person) obbmilliar@yahoo.co.uk Some African states have earned their popularity by regularly appearing on front pages of newspapers, not for scientific or industrial advancement, but for beeing human butchers for the massacres of innocent citizens, famine and the general under-development. Is warfare endemic to Africa? Some African leaders have shown that African lives are not worth defending. They clung tenaciously to power with regard to human lives. T he likes of Liberia, Uganda, Burundi and Sudan have once again attracted the attention of the world, because tens of thousands are dying daily. Varied causes have been advanced by scholars and some social commentators, to account for the instability on the continent. Ethnicity has played a major role in some of these African conflicts. Some claim they are of a superior ethnic group, and should therefore play a leading role in all sectors of the economy. Those ethnic groups considered to be at the bottom of the ladder are more often excluded from participating in the political processes of the states concerned.
Extractions: Winners, Losers, and Wild Cards in the Great Lakes Conflict Dr. Richard A Griggs, Independent Projects Trust (Dr. Griggs is Research Director for Independent Projects Trusta non-governmental organization in durban, South Africa. Griggs is also coordinator for the Center for World Indigenous Studies Fourth World Atlas Project.) Imagine Africa as a game board consisting of 50 brightly coloured political states. The pieces are influential people, cash, armies, and capital that the political players must move into the right places at the right time to facilitate outcomes favourable to their strategic or political interests. Like Park Lane in monopoly, one of the biggest prizes on this game board is Zaire, the second largest state and a geostrategic zone of great natural riches at the heart of Africa. The players who win influence there gain access to: vast quantities of minerals such as copper, zinc, gold, and industrial diamonds; strategic minerals such as uranium and cobalt [Zaire is the world's largest producer of this ingredient vital to jet engines]; unfelled forests, enough hydroelectric potential to meet all of Africa's needs, and enough fresh water to quench Southern Africa's thirst. The Winners Tutsi Alliance: The genius behind the Tutsi alliance is not Laurent Kabila but President Museveni. Kabila constantly consults the old master whose own National Resistance Movement [MNR] successfully defeated the corrupt Obote regime in 1986. The MNR included many Tutsis from neighbouring Rwanda and Zaire. For instance, Paul Kagame, now Rwanda's Vice-President and Defence Minister, was former head of Uganda's military intelligence. In turn, the RPF-ruled Rwandan regime assumed power in 1994 with Ugandan support. Thus, Museveni's Tutsi-led revolution has not ended but extended itself to Rwanda, Burundi and Zaire.
Extractions: By Alphabet : Encyclopedia A-Z K Related Category: Democratic Republic Of The Congo Political Geography Kananga [k u u Pronunciation Key , formerly Luluabourg [l OO lwAb OO Pronunciation Key , city (1984 pop. 298,693), capital of Kasai-Occidental prov., S central Congo (Kinshasa), on the Lulua River. It is the commercial and transportation center of a region where cotton is grown and diamonds are mined. The city was founded in 1884 by the German explorer Hermann von Wissmann Kasai
Extractions: By Alphabet : Encyclopedia A-Z C Related Category: Democratic Republic Of The Congo Political Geography Congo, Democratic Republic of the, formerly ZaIre [z I E r, zA E Pronunciation Key History- The indigenous inhabitants of the region of the Congo were probably Pygmies, who lived in small numbers in the equatorial forests of the north and northeast. By the end of the 1st millennium B.C. , small numbers of Bantu-speaking people had migrated into the area from the northwest (present-day Nigeria and Cameroon) and settled in the savanna regions of the south. Aided by their knowledge of iron technology and agriculture, the Bantu-speakers migrated to other parts of the Congo and Africa, at the same time developing new, related languages. From about A.D.
Untitled Document powerful kingdoms, such as Kongo, luba, and Mwememutapa. African natural resources and the indigenous population southward migration of large numbers of people. http://www.colby.edu/personal/v/v_saltan/africahistory.html
Extractions: Africa has the longest human history than any other continent. African hominids date from at least 4 million years ago. Arabs began their conquest of Africa in the 7th centuty and, except in Ethiopia, Muslim traders brought Islam across Northern Africa and across the Sahara into the great medieval kingdoms of the West Sudan. The earliest of these African kingdoms were powerful because of their trade in gold, salt, and slaves. According to some Arabic records, ancient Ghana was already thriving in the 8th cent. In the 13th century. Unfortunately, Ghana was conquered and transformed into the kingdom of Mali, which was famous for its gold and its other wealthy natural resources. In the late 15th century Mali was overshadowed by the Songhai Empire and lost many provinces but still remained a powerful kingdom. There are few written records about the southern half of the continent before 1500, but according to some historical materials this part of the continent heavily relied on agricultural activities. However, iron-working peoples speaking related Bantu languages who originated from near the modern Nigeria-Cameroon border gradually displaced many farmers. Between the 1st century BC and 1500, Bantu-speaking peoples stared to dominate on most of the continent South of the equator. They established small farming villages and in various powerful kingdoms, such as Kongo, Luba, and Mwememutapa. Around 1500, pastoralists moved south until they found various Bantu groups and founded the kingdom of Kitara in the 16th century. They also founded the kingdoms of Bunyoro, Buganda, Rwanda, and Ankole, all of which had developed social structures based on a cattle-owning aristocracy.
Extractions: Good News for Every Nation - Via Inculturation The nations ( gentes ) to whom the Christian community is divinely sent, and supposed to become incarnate through faithfulness to the missionary principle of inculturation, are not the worlds politically constructed nation-states as such. They are, rather, the multitude of indigenous ethno-cultural nations, sometimes sill called "tribes," enclosed within the boundaries of politically constructed nation-states. This view of missionary activity has far reaching social, cultural, ethical, theological and ecclesial implications. Introduction This paper offers some reflections on the political and religious dimensions of humankinds historical existence as a multitude of distinctive ethno-cultural groups of people. The particular focus is upon those living in Africa south of the Sahara. Their total population is about five hundred million, currently threatened massively by an HIV/AIDS pandemic; also by countless struggles for power, wealth and mere survival, not to mention neo-colonial controls and constraints. Under colonialism these peoples were categorized politically as "tribes." In the terms of 19 th century Social Darwinism they were taught in schools and churches, at least implicitly, to see themselves as backward peoples, or even as aggregates of competing individuals, marching slowly along a road called "progress." Their modernizing "development"-consisting largely in the pursuit of wealth and power by
