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Lebanon History: more books (100)

History of Lebanon, N.h., 1761-1887 by Charles Algernon Downs, 2009-12-18
Lebanon: The Politics of Frustration - The Failed Coup of 1961 (History and Society in the Islamic World) by Adel Beshara, 2005-02-03
The Modern History of Lebanon. by Kamal Suleiman Salibi, 1976-09-30
Armies in Lebanon, 1982-84 (Men at Arms Series, 165) by Sam Katz, 1985-07-25
History of Syria Including Lebanon and Palestine, Vol. 1 by Philip K. Hitti, 2002-10-01
The Struggle over Lebanon by Tabitha Petran, 1987-04-01
Historical Dictionary of Lebanon by As'ad AbuKhalil, 1998-02-28
Civil War in Lebanon, 1975-92 by Edgar O'Ballance, 1998-12-15
Lebanon: The Fractured Country by David Gilmour, 1987-08-20
Murder, Mayhem, Pillage and Plunder: The History of the Lebanon in the 18th and 19th Centuries by Mikhayil Mishaqa, W. M. Thackston, 1988-08
The War for Lebanon, 1970-1985 (Cornell Paperbacks) by Itamar Rabinovich, 1985-09
A history of Tabor First Reformed church, Lebanon, Penna. by D Earnest Klopp, 2010-09-08
Reporters Under Fire: U.S. Media Coverage of Conflicts in Lebanon and Central America (Westview Replica Edition)
The Eastern Mediterranean and the Making of Global Radicalism, 1860-1914 (The California World History Library) by Ilham Khuri-Makdisi, 2010-04-28

lists with details

Travel In Beirut - Lebanon - History - WorldTravelGate.net®-
WorldTravelGate.net®Information about Beirut,lebanon,history,Gallery,Photos,Restaurants,Hotels,Car Rental,Rentals,Campings,Travel Agencies.! Beirut - history.
http://www.mideasttravelling.net/lebanon/beirut/beirut_history.htm

Extractions: Beirut - H istory B eirut, the capital of the Lebanese Republic, has long been considered, by virtue of its strategic location, the crossroads between the three continents of Asia, Africa and Europe, and the gateway to the East. Its million inhabitants are a unique blend of the Eastern and Western cultures. Named Beroth, the city of wells, by the Phoenicians. It is one of the oldest settlements of man as evidenced by relics from the prehistoric communities. In Phoenician times, however, it was dwarfed by thriving Byblos, Sidon and Tyre. When occupied by the Romans under the command of Pompey in 64 B.C., it entered the most glorious period of its ancient history. In 15 B.C. it was named Colonia Julia Augusta Felix Berythus and acquired the rights of a Roman city-state. What most contributed to its fame, however, was its School of Law which, under Septimus Severus (192 - 211 A.D.) excelled the Schools of Constantinople and Athens and rivalled that of Rome. Aramco annuitants with memories of "Pleasant Days" once spent in Lebanon can put the lovely, cosmopolitan land at the eastern end of the Mediterranean Sea back on their list of favourite places to revisit in retirement.
Lebanon/History - Encyclopedia Article About Lebanon/History. Free Access, No Re
history of lebanon encyclopedia article about history of lebanon lebanon s history from independence has been marked by periods of political stability and turmoil interspersed with prosperity built on Beirut s position as a
http://encyclopedia.thefreedictionary.com/Lebanon/History

Extractions: Dictionaries: General Computing Medical Legal Encyclopedia Word: Word Starts with Ends with Definition Lebanon Alternate uses: see Lebanon (disambiguation) The Lebanese Republic or Lebanon is a country in Southwest Asia, and in the Middle East, bordering the Mediterranean Sea. It is considered to be one of the fifteen lands that comprise the so-called "Cradle of Humanity". Lebanon is bordered by Syria and Israel. The border with Israel is not final pending the resolution of outstanding conflicts. Click the link for more information. is the historic home of the Phoenicians Please see the article's for more information. The Phoenicians left no written literature or records on indestructible materials. All we know of their writing is from brief inscriptions on stone. Phoenician civilization was an enterprising maritime trading culture with its heartland along the coastal plain of what is now Lebanon and Syria. Though ancient boundaries fluctuated, the southern city of Sarepta, between Sidon and Tyre, is also the most thoroughly excavated city of the Phoenician homeland.
LPSHOME
Information on the town's history, government, education, and calendar of events.
http://www.lebanonct.org/
Phoenicians - History For Kids!
Sometime in the Late Bronze Age, around 1300 BC, a group of Semitic people living on the Mediterranean coast in modern lebanon became more important than they
http://www.historyforkids.org/learn/westasia/history/phoenicians.htm

Extractions: (The Phoenicians) Sometime in the Late Bronze Age, around 1300 BC , a group of Semitic people living on the Mediterranean coast in modern Lebanon became more important than they had been before. These were the Phoenicians (foy-KNEE-shans). They became more important because the kingdoms which had been controlling them before (mainly the Egyptians , the Hittites , and the Assyrians ) got weaker, and so the Phoenicians were able to get a little stronger and more independent.
The Lebanon War
The lebanon war provoked intense debate within Israel. For the first time in Israel s history, a consensus for war did not exist (though it did at the outset).
http://www.us-israel.org/jsource/History/Lebanon_War.html

Extractions: The Lebanon War by Mitchell Bard Israel has long sought a peaceful northern border. But Lebanon's position as a haven for terrorist groups has made this impossible. In March 1978, PLO terrorists infiltrated Israel. After murdering an American tourist walking near an Israeli beach, they hijacked a civilian bus. The terrorists shot through the windows as the bus traveled down the highway. When Israeli troops intercepted the bus, the terrorists opened fire. A total of 34 hostages died in the attack. In response, Israeli forces crossed into Lebanon and overran terrorist bases in the southern part of that country, pushing the terrorists away from the border. The Israel Defense Forces (IDF) withdrew after two months, allowing United Nations forces to enter. But UN troops were unable to prevent terrorists from reinfiltrating the region and introducing new, more dangerous arms. Violence escalated with a series of PLO attacks and Israeli reprisals. Finally, the United States helped broker a ceasefire agreement in July 1981. The
The Lebanon War
The lebanon War. Exchange Security Council Certifies Israeli Withdrawal From lebanon (6/18/00). Israel Resolves to Leave lebanon; Israel
http://www.us-israel.org/jsource/History/lebtoc.html
Center
semiautonomous rulers. Two great dynasties, the Druze and the Shihabs, reigned in the mountains of lebanon until 1843. The Druze
http://www.cartage.org.lb/en/lebanon/History/ottoman.htm

Extractions: Lebanon Lebanon The Ottomans defeated the Mamluks in northern Syria, establishing Ottoman control over the Arab Levant. The Ottomans dominated this area for the next four centuries. The Ottomans continued the Mamluk policy of recognizing the status quo of semiautonomous rulers. Two great dynasties, the Druze and the Shihabs, reigned in the mountains of Lebanon until 1843. The Druze house of Ma'an was paramount until 1697, reaching its zenith under Fakhr al-Din II (15861635). His efforts to obtain total independence for Lebanon led ultimately to his defeat and execution.Nevertheless, this Druze leader did much for Lebanon by reopening the country to the West, as it had not been since the time of the Crusades. During his exile in Tuscany, Fakhr al-Din II allied himself with the rulers of that Italian State. These ties extended beyond the political realm. The Druze leader emulated his allies in attempting to create a modern army. He also imported engineers and agricultural experts to promote better land use. These efforts however, had only a minimal long-term impact on Lebanon. Of greater significance was Fakhr al-Din's encouragement of the Maronite peasantry to move south.Over the subsequent centuries, the Maronites spread from their northern Lebanese strongholds and slowly expanded their numbers and influence throughout the Lebanon Mountains. In 1697 the Ma'an family was replaced by the Shihabs as emirs (princes) of Mount Lebanon. Under Bashir (1788 -1840), the Shihabs pressed for full independence. The early 19th century was a time when the Ottoman state was being torn apart by local rulers who, playing upon the weakness of the central government, strove to break away from the authorities in Istanbul. Bashir however, made an unfortunate miscalculation by supporting Muhammad Ali of Egypt against the Ottomans, who, in turn, were supported by the British. As a result, when the Egyptian leader was obliged to give up his claims to sovereignty in the Levant, his ally Bashir was forced into exile in 1840. Strife and turmoil marked the next twenty years. Ottoman weakness and European intervention exacerbated internal Lebanese rivalries. During the preceding two centuries, the fundamental economic and political balance of Mount Lebanon had been upset by the rapid growth of the Maronite population and their gradual migration southward from traditional strongholds in North Lebanon. Druze preponderance had been seriously eroded. In 1843 The Ottomans attempted to ward off potential inter-communal difficulties, by dividing Lebanon into two districts (qaim maqamyyah): a northern district was placed under a Christian vice-governor and a southern district in the hands of a Druze. This system proved unsatisfactory. The Druze and Christian populations were already too intermingled and antagonistic to accept such a simple solution. Despite Ottoman efforts, tensions between the communities increased with French protection of the Maronites and British protection of the Druze only serving to aggravate the situation. Moreover, the Ottomans were not satisfied with the status quo. Istanbul desired to limit the traditional autonomous status of the inhabitants of Mount Lebanon and resented European interference in Ottoman internal affairs. Another problem was the growing resentment of the industrious Maronite peasantry toward their oppressive feudal aristocracy. In 1858 a peasant revolt broke out. !n the northern district, the Maronite peasantry turned against Maronite shaykhs; in the southern district, the Maronite peasantry rose against the Druze aristocracy. Because the Druze peasantry in the south felt closer bonds with their coreligionists than with the Maronite peasants, the hostilities south and east of Beirut became more of a religious war than a peasant revolt. Druze and other Muslims massacred thousands of Maronites. Following direct European intervention, Mount Lebanon was reunited and made a semiautonomous governorship (mutasarrifyyah). The governor was a non-Lebanese Ottoman Christian who was appointed by the Ottoman sultan with the consent of the five great European powers. He was aided by an elected administrative council, which ensured representation of each of the major sects, and a locally recruited police force. This system remained in force until World War I. The period from 1860 to 1914 was marked by increasing contacts between the Lebanese and the West. Intellectual activity increased, encouraged by the influence of foreign missionaries. Presbyterians from the United States founded the American University of Beirut in 1866, and French missionaries founded Saint Joseph University in 1875.
Center
lebanon history of lebanon. Although the modern state of lebanon is a creation of the 20th century, the people of lebanon have
http://www.cartage.org.lb/en/lebanon/History/mainpage.htm

Extractions: Lebanon Although the modern state of Lebanon is a creation of the 20th century, the people of Lebanon have had a long and distinctive history. The coastal plain was the home of Phoenician merchants whose ships sailed throughout the Mediterranean world more than a millennium before Christ. While the Lebanese of today have only an indirect connection with the ancient Phoenicians, many Lebanese who wish to emphasize their uniqueness as a people reach back to the past and stress their "Phoenician heritage
History Of Lebanon
lebanon s history from independence has been marked by periods of political turmoil interspersed with prosperity built on Beirut s position as a regional
http://www.fact-index.com/h/hi/history_of_lebanon.html

Extractions: Main Page See live article Alphabetical index Lebanon is the historic home of the Phoenicians , Semitic traders whose maritime culture flourished there for more than 2,000 years (c.2700-450 B.C.). In later centuries, Lebanon's mountains were a refuge for Christians , and Crusaders established several strongholds there, notably the County of Tripoli . Following the collapse of the Ottoman Empire after World War I , the League of Nations mandated the five provinces that had comprised present-day Lebanon to France . Modern Lebanon's constitution, drawn up in 1926, specified a balance of political power between the various religious groups. The country gained independence in , and French troops withdrew in Lebanon's history from independence has been marked by periods of political turmoil interspersed with prosperity built on Beirut's position as a regional center for finance and trade. In , during the last months of President Camille Chamoun's term, an insurrection broke out, and 5,000 United States Marines were briefly dispatched to the capital Beirut on July 15 in response to an appeal by the government (see Lebanon Crisis ). During the 1960s, Lebanon enjoyed a period of relative calm and Beirut-focused tourism and banking sector-driven prosperity. Other areas of the country, however, notably the South, North, and Biqa' Valley, experienced increasing impoverishment.
Construction @ Lebanon.com - Beirut - Paths To History
Back to lebanon.com Home. Paths to history. Back to Construction Beirut Central District Current World Bank projects in lebanon Electricity Rehabilitation.
http://www.lebanon.com/construction/beirut/pathstohistory.htm
Welcome To The Country Pages: Lebanon
www.arab.net/lebanon/lebanon_contents.html Information on lebanon s history, geography, business, culture, government, transportation, and tourist industry.
http://www.cies.org/country/lebanon.htm

Extractions: CIES Contacts Photo courtesy of the Embassy of Lebanon web site. Lebanon is a densely wooded, mountainous country with spectacularly varied scenery. Its two mountain ranges contain a number of ski resorts, while the fertile Bekaa Valley and the Mediterranean coast are cultivated with a large variety of fruit trees including apricots, peaches, plums, figs, olives, citrus fruits, and grapes. Lebanon enjoys over 300 days of sunshine per year. Beirut, the nation's capital, is a vibrant city located on the Mediterranean coast and houses several museums and universities. Other famous Lebanese cities include Tripoli, Byblos, Tyre, and Baalabak, each of which has a long history and variety of historical sights ranging from well-preserved Roman ruins to 14th Islamic architecture.
History - City Of Lebanon, Indiana, USA
Home history City of lebanon. lebanon was officially established on April 30, 1830, following action from the Indiana General Assembly.
http://www.bccn.boone.in.us/lebanon/history.html

Extractions: Home Lebanon was officially established on April 30, 1830, following action from the Indiana General Assembly. Lebanon was selected as the county seat later in 1832. In tradition, Lebanon was founded on May 1. This tradition, though well authenticated, is mistaken, as is the assertion that Lebanon was founded in 1831. Lebanon was founded by two young, prominent, Indianapolis men, General James Perry Drake and Colonel George L. Kinnard. Their military titles were derived from their service in the Indiana Militia. Both men, in addition to being progressive community builders were shrewd developers and speculators. Drake and Kinnard learned early of the planned organization of Boone County and purchased three tracts of land near the geographic center of the new county. The two men knew that this location would be the most likely site for the new county seat and, therefore, would develop as a town. According to Federal Land office records in Crawfordsville, on March 1, 1830, Drake and Kinnard applied for deeds to the land. It is believed that the purchase price was $1.25, per acre, the going rate for property in the area. With the land acquired, it is reasonable to assume that the two men set about platting a town. This "Original Plat" consisted of over 19 blocks surrounding the public square. To ensure that the town would flourish, Kinnard, as Marion County surveyor, surveyed a road from Indianapolis to Lafayette. This road as it lead northwest from Indianapolis through the wilderness would have passed to the west of Lebanon had it not been for an expedient eight block jog to Main St. before continuing on to Lafayette.
History
A Brief history of the Christians of lebanon. TABLE OF CONTENTS. A Brief history of the Christians of lebanon. 1. Geography Population.
http://www.lebanese-forces.org/lebanon/history.htm
History Of Lebanon
lebanon history lebanon A Heritage - lebanon - A HERITAGE TO RESTORE In the Place des Canons, the center of town that for years served as a dividing line
http://www.kasbah.com/vitalstats/culture_and_history/history/lebanon_lebanon_1.h

Extractions: Search Amazon.co.uk Travel Search Country Guides City Guides Resort Guides Argentina Aruba Australia Austria Bahamas Barbados Belgium Belize Bolivia Botswana Brazil British Virgin Islands Cambodia Canada Chile China Colombia Costa Rica Cuba Czech Republic Denmark Ecuador England Estonia Falkland Islands Fiji Finland France
HistoryCentral.com - Your Source For Everything History -> World History > Middl
historyCentral.com World history Middle East 1983 US Peacekeeper Killed in lebanon. 1983- US Peacekeeper Killed in lebanon.
http://www.multied.com/Mideast/Peacekeepers.html

Extractions: Navigation: America's Wars: Revolutionary War War of 1812 Civil War Chronology of WW II ... Vietnam War American History: Civics: A Glossary Amistad Gallery of Railroad Stations Elections: US Elections Aviation: WW II: American Aircraft Navy History: US Carriers US Navy Battleships US Patrol Boats US Cruisers World History: History of The Middle East HistoryCentral.com Middle East 1983- US Peacekeeper Killed in Lebanon 1983- US Peacekeeper Killed in Lebanon Over 200 marines were killed when a truck loaded with explosives crashed into the US Marine compound at Beirut Airport. The Marines, who had been in Beirut as part of a multi-national force to promote peace in Lebanon had after a short stay in Lebanon become a target of Syrian supported extremists. Soon after the bombing US forces withdrew from Lebanon. Subscribe To the HistoryCentral.com mailing list: Receive all the latest news and info: Enter Your E-mail Address: Related Products Resources Links to Other Aviation Sites Download a Civil War Background
History
Examples of this phenomenon are too many to list, and in lebanon, the sentence Put the radio on , always means Tune up to the Voice of lebanon .
http://www.vdl.com.lb/history.htm

Extractions: LISTEN TO VDL windo LIVE ONLINE Click on the mic READ THE NEWS LISTEN TO THE NEWS LEBANESE ANTHEM PHOTO GALLERY ... @VDL Very often, brand names end up identifying to the product itself. Examples of this phenomenon are too many to list, and in Lebanon, the sentence "Put the radio on", always means: "Tune up to the Voice of Lebanon". In fact, throughout its 27 years of existence, the Voice of Lebanon has always been "THE RADIO". Founded in 1975, the Voice of Lebanon was then the first commercial radio to ever broadcast in Lebanon. Drawing on its tank of highly qualified personel, it has always given the best in the fields of news, political forums, interviews, music, social issues, sketches, culture, games, and even broadcasted theater. The Voice of Lebanon currently broadcasts on two FM wave lenghts: 93.3, 93.4 for the Bekaa and 93.6 megahertz for southern and northern Lebanon. It also owns this site on the web under http://www.vdl.com.lb and is being relayed in Canada by the Middle East Radio, and in Australia by another radio station also called the Middle East Radio . In Beirut, the Voice of Lebanon retransmits live, the Arabic news of Radio Canada International "RCI" through a partnership agreement between the two stations. Through another agreement, the Voice of Lebanon broadcasts programs and music produced by Radio France International "RFI".
LEBANON -- RED WILLOW COUNTY
lebanon1jres.jpg (16265 bytes)lebanon RED WILLOW COUNTY. This time the businesses were not rebuilt and the oncethriving lebanon never recovered.
http://www.casde.unl.edu/history/counties/redwillow/lebanon/lebanon.htm

Extractions: LEBANON RED WILLOW COUNTY Lebanon, located in the southeast corner of Red Willow County, officially received its name and first post office September 12, 1873, due to the efforts of the B.F. Bradbury family. Bradbury built a small dugout home and stocked it as a trading post. Located on Beaver Creek, just north of the present town site, he applied for a post office named for the Biblical "cedars of Lebanon." His son-in-law Nelson S. West was appointed postmaster. A small desk with pigeon holes and compartments to hold the mail was installed in the Bradbury dugout and Lebanon was born. In 1877 the post office was moved to the dugout home of Henry Galusha, west of the present site. The next year Mrs. Harvey (Marcia) Burgess was appointed postmaster and the office was moved to their dugout home two and one-half miles east. They also established a trading post. In the spring of 1887 the Burlington & Missouri River Railroad built a branch line up the Beaver Creek valley from Orleans. On July 28, 1887, a town was platted and organized near the railroad line, several miles west of the Burgess' Lebanon post office. So they moved to the new location, putting up a frame post office building on the west side of Center Avenue and adding a "lean to" on the back for their living quarters. Finally, Lebanon had put down her roots and in a short time became a thriving, bustling frontier town with many businesses. It was incorporated in 1906. On July 1, 1894, the first of three major fires struck, destroying the full block of business places on the west side of Center Avenue. The hardy pioneers soon rebuilt and again Lebanon was thriving, only to see the same thing happen in 1904. Undaunted, the citizens built it back up and the city flourished anew. On September 7, 1939, the village of 260 inhabitants awakened to a blazing sky, again on the west side. This time five brick buildings were destroyed. The Bank of Lebanon on the south end was spared because it was separated by a vacant lot, and a vacant building on the north end was saved when the wind suddenly shifted. This time the businesses were not rebuilt and the once-thriving Lebanon never recovered.
Navy Oral History Collection
United States Navy Coast Guard Merchant Marine Military history Armed Services World War Two Korea Vietnam World War One Gulf War lebanon Naval Aviation Navy
http://hometown.aol.com/famjustin/usnoentry.html

Extractions: Main History htmlAdWH('7002737', '234', '60'); Navy Navy Reserve United States Navy Coast Guard Merchant Marine Military History Armed Services World War Two Korea Vietnam World War One Gulf War Lebanon Naval Aviation Navy Seals Under Water Demolition Teams Construction Battallions CBs Sea Bees Warships Battleships Cruisers Carriers Destroyers Freighters Tankers LSTs LCTs Royal Navy WWII WWI World War II World War I Veterans Sailors Navy Navy Reserve United States Navy Coast Guard Navy Oral History Collection A Collection of Veterans and Families Stories Biographies Documents and Photographs Click Here To Enter Visitors Since 9/5/98
History Of Lebanon, Ancient And Modern
history of lebanon since Paleolithic and Neolithic PreHistoric ages. history of lebanon. (from 50,000 BC - 2004 AD in a glance). Pre-Historic.
http://www.lgic.org/en/history.php

Extractions: lgic.org Photos Info Lebanese Americans Phoenicians ... Contact Us History of Lebanon (from 50,000 BC - 2004 AD in a glance) Pre-Historic Pre-Historic The evidence of tools found in caves along the coast of Lebanon shows that it was inhabited all through the classic stages of human development: Paleolithic, Neolithic, the bronze, and the iron working periods. Neanderthal and Cro-Magnon people were making flint tools in this region around 50,000 years ago. The recorded history shows a group of coastal cities and heavily forested mountains inhabited by a Semitic people, the Canaanites, around 4000 BC. These early inhabitants referred to themselves according to their city of origin, and called their nation Canaan. They lived in the narrow East-Mediterranean cost and the parallel strip mountains of Lebanon. Around 2800 BC Canaanites traded cedar timber, olive oil and wine from Byblos for metals and ivory from Egypt. The Coastal cities fell to Amorites around 2000 BC, and to Egyptians from round 1800 until 1200 BC when they recovered independence.
The History Guy: Arab-Israeli Wars
Want to be notified of updates and additions to the history Guy website top left to bottom right Palestine, Egypt, Syria, Iraq, Saudi Arabia, lebanon and Jordan
http://www.historyguy.com/arab_israeli_wars.html

Extractions: History Guy Home Military History Historical Personalities Email ... About Us Want to be notified of updates and additions to the History Guy website? Click HERE Other Arab-Israeli War links: Arab-Israeli Border Wars and Incidents * the Arab flags, from top left to bottom right: Palestine, Egypt, Syria, Iraq, Saudi Arabia, Lebanon and Jordan. This page shows conflicts between the Arab nations (as a group), and Israel. As a rule, a legal state of war has existed between Israel and her Arab enemies since the beginning of the first war in 1948. Egypt signed a peace treaty with Israel in 1979, and Jordan made peace in 1994. The Palestine Authority, headed by Yassir Arafat and his Al-Fatah faction of the Palestine Liberation Organization negotiated a semi-peace, which, from mid-2000 on, has been destroyed through the "Al-Aqsa" Intifada violence. Other Palestinian groups, most notably Hamas, have been at war with Israel continuously. Although Israel and most Arab nations are technically in a continuous state of war, unless otherwise noted, specific outbreaks of fighting are considered to be separate wars. Visit the History Guy's Arab-Israeli Wars Links Page Click on the blue links to access specific pages.

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