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Fuel Cells Energy: more books (100)

The Electric Car: Development and Future of Battery, Hybrid and Fuel-Cell Cars (IEE Power & Energy Series, 38) by Michael H. Westbrook, 2001-12-01
Sustainable Mobility: Renewable Energies for Powering Fuel Cell Vehicles by Raphael Edinger, Sanjay Kaul, 2003-03-30
Materials for Electrochemical Energy Storage and Conversion-Batteries, Capacitors, and Fuel Cells: Symposium Held April 17-19, 1995, San Francisco, California, ... Research Society Symposium Proceedings)
Global Thermoelectric to Merge with FuelCell Energy.: An article from: Fuel Cell Technology News
TechSys Acquires SOFC Businesses.(SOFC Energy Inc., Micro Fuel Cell Systems Inc.)(Brief Article): An article from: Fuel Cell Technology News
Fuel Cell Manufacturers: Bloom Energy Server, Ballard Power Systems, Utc Power, Apollo Energy Systems, Plug Power
A Case-based Introduction to Alternative Energy Sources: Hybrid & Fuel Cell Vehicles with R&D and Visually Attractive, Practical Application Examples Discussed ... California Fuel Cell Partnership, and Others by Paul G. Ranky, 2003-12-10
SOLID OXIDE: DOE Awards $4.2 Million for Fuel Cell Projects.(Department of Energy): An article from: Fuel Cell Technology News
DOE Makes R&D Awards.(United States. Department of Energy): An article from: Fuel Cell Technology News
High energy density regenerative fuel cell systems for terrestrial applications (SuDoc NAS 1.15:209429) by Kenneth A. Burke, 1999
DMFC/NiZn Hybrid to Get Test.(Energy Visions Inc's fuel cell power plant introduction )(Brief Article): An article from: Fuel Cell Technology News
IEA looks at hydrogens future.(FUEL CELLS): An article from: Energy
Fuel Cells, the Key to Energy Independence?: Field Hearing Before the Subcommittee on Energy, Committee on Science, House of Representatives, One Hund by United States, 2003-01
Delphi Breaks Cost Barrier.(Battelle)(United States Department of Energy): An article from: Fuel Cell Technology News

lists with details

Introduction To The Future S Energy Fuel Cells
Efficiency Dependent on type and design, the fuel cells direct electric energy efficiency ranges from 40 to 60 percent. fuel cell
http://www.cheresources.com/fuelcell.shtml

Extractions: Introduction to the Future's Energy: Fuel Cells Download Printable Version Here (Adobe Acrobat Format) Fuel cells are often described as being continuously operating batteries, but this is an incomplete idea. Like batteries, fuel cells produce power without combustion or rotating machinery. They produce electricity by utilizing an electrochemical reaction to combine hydrogen ions with oxygen atoms. Hydrogen ions are obtained from hydrogen-containing fuels. Fuel cells, unlike batteries, use an external and continuous source of fuel and produce power continuously, as long as the fuel supply is maintained. Two electrodes, an anode, and a cathode form an individual cell. They are sandwiched around an electrolyte in the presence of a catalyst to accelerate and improve the electrochemical reaction. Figure 1: A scheme of a fuel cell These ions then pass through the electrolyte, such as phosphoric acid, and react with oxygen atoms. The result is an electric current flowing between both electrodes plus the generation of waste heat and water vapor. This current is proportional to the cross sectional area
Fuel Cells At Los Alamos
Electrochemical fuel cells convert the chemical energy of fuels directly into electrical energy to provide a clean and highly efficient source of electrical
http://www.lanl.gov/worldview/science/features/fuelcell.html

Extractions: Electrochemical fuel cells convert the chemical energy of fuels directly into electrical energy to provide a clean and highly efficient source of electrical energy, potentially to power electric vehicles. Although fuel cell research dates back at least 30 years, nearly all large automakers recently have begun projects to develop and evaluate fuel cell-powered vehicles. Their goals are reduced costs, minimal pollution and high efficiency. Like a battery, a fuel cell consists of two electrodes separated by an electrolyte made of a thin polymeric membrane. But unlike a battery, a fuel cell doesn't need recharging. It will continue to produce electricity as long as fuel flows through it. In a fuel cell, hydrogen gas from the fuel reacts electrochemically at one electrode and converts into protons and electrons. The protons move through the electrolyte to the other electrode, where they combine with oxygen from the air and with the electrons to form water, which is expelled from the cell as vapor. The involvement of hydrogen and oxygen in the two reactions - one releasing electrons and the other consuming them - yields electrical energy that is tapped across the electrodes for power, for example, to drive a motor. Fuel Cell Fundamentals
FuelCellStore.com's Benefits Of Fuel Cells,fuel Cell Efficiency,fuel Cell Power
fuel Cell Environmental Benefits High fuel Efficiencies By converting fuel directly into energy through an electrochemical reaction, fuel cells extract more
http://www.fuelcellstore.com/information/benefits_of_fuel_cells.html

Extractions: By converting fuel directly into energy through an electrochemical reaction, fuel cells extract more power out of the same quantity of fuel when compared to traditional combustion. This direct process results in a reduced amount of fuel being consumed and greater efficiencies, 30% to 90%, depending on the fuel cell system and if the surplus heat is utilized. Combustion-based energy generation first converts the fuel into heat, limited by Carnot's Law of Thermodynamics , and then into mechanical energy, which provides motion or drives a turbine to produce energy. The additional steps involved in combustion generation allow energy to escape as heat, friction and conversion losses, resulting in lower overall efficiencies. Low Emissions
The Unitized Regenerative Fuel Cell
Commercial development of unitized regenerative fuel cells for use in automobiles is the promise of someday supplying clean, quiet, efficient energy for many
http://www.llnl.gov/str/Mitlit.html

Extractions: SCIENTISTS are searching for cleaner ways to power vehicles and to make better use of domestic energy resources. The fuel cell, an electrochemical device that converts the chemical energy of a fuel directly to usable energy without combustion, is one of the most promising of these new technologies. Running on hydrogen fuel and oxygen from the air, a 50-kilowatt fuel cell can power a lightweight car without creating any undesirable tailpipe emissions. If the fuel cell is designed to operate also in reverse as an electrolyzer, then electricity can be used to convert the water back into hydrogen and oxygen. (See Figure 1.) This dual-function system is known as a reversible or unitized regenerative fuel cell (URFC). Lighter than a separate electrolyzer and generator, a URFC is an excellent energy source in situations where weight is a concern. Fuel cells have been used since the 1960s when they supplied on-board power for the Gemini and Apollo spacecraft. Today, fuel cells are being used for Space Shuttle on-board power, power plants, and a variety of experimental vehicles. However, none of these applications uses the URFC because early experience did not uncover the usefulness of the reversible technology, and little research had been funded. Recent results of Livermore research indicate otherwise, based on more thorough systems engineering and improved membrane technology. Challenged by a lack of information on the technology, Livermore physicist Fred Mitlitsky was determined to uncover just how to make the combination of technologies work. Mitlitsky continued in 1994 with a little funding from NASA for development of Helios and from the Department of Energy for leveling peak and intermittent power usage with sources such as solar cells or wind turbines. (See Figure 2.)
BPA - Energy Efficiency | Fuel Cells
Supporting the advancement of fuel cell technologies is part of the Bonneville Power Administration (BPA) energy efficiency activities.
http://www.bpa.gov/Energy/N/Projects/fuel_cell/

Extractions: Supporting the advancement of fuel cell technologies is part of the Bonneville Power Administration (BPA) energy efficiency activities. BPA supports field testing systems to ensure that commercial systems meet the needs of our Customers, as well as to identify and address barriers to fuel cell technologies.
Cbc.ca
Sources of energy fuel cells.
http://cbc.ca/news/indepth/energy/fuelcells.html
DoD Fuel Cell - Fuel Cell Descriptions
s fuel cells generate electricity through an electrochemical process in which the energy stored in a fuel is converted directly into DC electricity.
http://www.dodfuelcell.com/fcdescriptions.html

Extractions: Fuel Cells generate electricity through an electrochemical process in which the energy stored in a fuel is converted directly into DC electricity. Because electrical energy is generated without combusting fuel, fuel cells are extremely attractive from an environmental stand point. Attractive fuel cell characteristics include: All fuel cells have the same basic operating principle. An input fuel is catalytically reacted (electrons removed from the fuel elements) in the fuel cell to create an electric current. Fuel cells consist of an electrolyte material which is sandwiched in between two thin electrodes (porous anode and cathode). The input fuel passes over the anode (and oxygen over the cathode) where it catalytically splits into ions and electrons. The electrons go through an external circuit to serve an electric load while the ions move through the electrolyte toward the oppositely charged electrode. At the electrode, ions combine to create by-products, primarily water and CO . Depending on the input fuel and electrolyte, different chemical reactions will occur.
Fuel Cells
to get to the other side, and delivers its energy to a load along the way, such as a light bulb. When it gets the other side of the fuel cell, the electron
http://www.nmsea.org/Curriculum/7_12/Fuel_Cells/fuel_cells.htm

Extractions: Back to Project Listings In another project, Electrolysis: Obtaining hydrogen from water: The Basis for a Solar-Hydrogen Economy we have discussed how hydrogen might be used as a clean burning fuel, and how it can be produced cleanly from water. Generating heat, however, is not always the best thing to do, because entropy is created when heat is generated, and that can limit the efficiency of devices that use that heat energy to do useful work (See the section on entropy in our Energy Physics Primer). Fortunately, there exists a device called a fuel cell which can chemically combine hydrogen with oxygen to make electricity without involving heat (although some heat is usually generated in practical situations)! Here is a fuel under development by Manhattan Scientifics: This is actually a stack of fuel cells: Each fuel cell by itself doesn't produce very much power, but the voltage provided by each fuel cell individually adds up, yielding a voltage (and a power) that is large enough for practical applications. Fuel cells can be used for electrolysis as well - splitting water into hydrogen and oxygen, so that the hydrogen can be stored as a fuel. NMSEA has some
Nu Energy Fuelcell
This type of fuel cell is typically called a reserve cell, and it is predicted that Nu energy fuel cells will have great success in the energy marketplace.
http://www.fortunecity.com/greenfield/bp/16/nufuel.htm

Extractions: web hosting domain names email addresses inventor Bruce A. Perreault The Nu Energy Cell The unique radiant energy cell was formally called "capture capacitor." The capture capacitor is essentially a fuel cell powered by ionically generated ozone. Its design also utilizes optinum cathode and anode materials. This type of cell is both energy generator and storage cell all wrapped into one. In its present state of development, an ionically assisted fuel cell is a highly efficient, high-power density, compact power device that creates no toxic materials, high temperatures, or noise. It has a long life expectancy, and its price will be very competitive to what is now available. Applications These attributes are just what is needed in lap-top computers, boats, campers, cell phones, and thousands of other applications. It is not surprising that scientists and engineers have been trying to come up with more practical fuel cell innovations. The Chemistry The fuel cell is not a new concept; the first cell was built in 1839 by W. R. Grove. Now more than ever, the growing demand for a power source with the features of the fuel cell has brought great attention to it, and attempts have been made to design and build fuel cells that will generate enough power per unit volume to make them practical. Basically, a fuel cell is an electrochemical transducer for the conversion of chemical energy into electrical power. The fundamental principle is the same as a simple flashlight or car battery, except that the fuel is typically hydrogen and the oxidant is air.
Fuel Cells - Energy
fuel cells energy - resources selection for ecological, natural and environmental professionals. Introduction. Keywords fuel cells - energy Nb of links = 14,
http://www.electronics-ee.com/Eco/Energy/Fuel_Cells.htm
EcoWorld - Fuel Cells
By contrast in the utilities market fuel cells are competing with an under powered energy infrastructure and imminent percentage energy price increases in the
http://www.ecoworld.org/Articles/Fuel_Cells_EW.htm

Extractions: There is nothing simple about fuel cells. Oh, the concept is simple. A fuel cell is a battery that you can refuel. Period. End of story. They make electric current. They should have been called Fuel Batteries. Fuel cells are batteries that can be fueled by gasoline, methane, ethanol, or hydrogen, to name some. Charge producing electrons are chemically extracted from the fuel by the elements inside the fuel cell, which from an electro-chemical standpoint are identical to the elements inside the common battery, a continuous electric current, with energy derived from this fuel input. They last anywhere from one to six years before they wear out or need an overhaul. They come in all sizes, and will be used for everything from micro-appliances to tools and appliances, to home power units, to car power units, to building power units, to utility power plants. Fuel cells will power ships at sea and colonies in space. Fuel cells today are expensive to manufacture and depend on ongoing technological innovations to ensure their eventual economic viability. For example, unless you want to run a fuel cell on hydrogen fuel, you will have to process your fuel through a "reformer." This device reformulates non-hydrogen fuels such as gasoline, methane, etc., to turn them into hydrogen.
EcoWorld - Fuel Cells1
Reader Comments. Calif energy Crisis Photovoltaics fuel cells Green Vehicles. Join EcoWorld. Return to energy Home, List of fuel Cell Manufacturers. fuel cells.
http://www.ecoworld.org/energy/EcoWorld_Energy_Fuel_Cells1.cfm

Extractions: Would you buy a car that goes 700 miles on a fill-up, and costs only $20 to fill the tank? There are many candidates for next-generation cars: high-tech diesels, hybrids, electric cars, and fuel cell cars. But the most efficient we've seen yet is a prototype fuel cell car being developed by Anuvu Inc.... Fuel Cells Fuel cells are batteries that can be fueled by gasoline, methane, ethanol, or hydrogen, to name some. Charge producing electrons are chemically extracted from the fuel by the elements inside the fuel cell, which from an electro-chemical standpoint are identical to the elements inside the common battery, a continuous electric current, with energy derived from this fuel input. They last anywhere from one to six years before they wear out or need an overhaul... California Fuel Cell Partnership
Siemens Power Generation: Fuel Cells
Siemens Westinghouse Power Generation has developed tubular SOFC technology as part of the US Department of energy s advanced fuel cell research program, which
http://www.pg.siemens.com/en/fuelcells

Extractions: Power IT Solutions Fuel Cells Introduction History ... Fuel Cells Today, there is tremendous interest in distributed power generation- which conserves resources and is both climate- and environment -friendly. This interest is growing as the industry seeks new ways to cost-effectively supply power in a competitive, deregulated marketplace. Distributed energy sources also hold great promise in meeting increased demand for higher quality, more reliable power. And by its design, distributed generation opens the door to new methods of producing power. Scaled for smaller plants, these methods offer more efficient use of natural resources and lower emissions into the atmosphere. For nearly four decades Siemens has been performing basic research and product development of an energy conversion technology that is clean, highly efficient, and ideal for providing high quality power at small distributed sites. And that technology is the solid oxide fuel cell, or SOFC. Siemens Westinghouse Power Generation has developed tubular SOFC technology as part of the US Department of Energy's advanced fuel cell research program, which is managed by DOE's Office of Fossil Energy and overseen by its National Energy Technology Laboratory in Morgantown WV.
Mayor Of London Hydrogen Energy
The Mayor s energy Strategy recognises the potential for the widespread introduction of hydrogen energy and fuel cells to tackle London s pollution problems
http://www.london.gov.uk/mayor/energy/hydrogen.jsp
REPP: HYDROGEN
effective manner and if technologies such as fuel cells can be made cost effective, then hydrogen has the potential to provide clean, alternative energy for a
http://solstice.crest.org/hydrogen/

Extractions: Hydrogen and Fuel Cells Hydrogen is the most plentiful element on Earth and is found in combination with oxygen in water, and in organic matter including living plants, petroleum, coal, natural gas and other hydrocarbon compounds. The great attraction of hydrogen is that, once isolated, it is a clean burning fuel that produces neither carbon dioxide (a greenhouse gas) nor toxic emissions and can be used for electricity production, transportation, and other energy needs.
EyeforFuelCells - The Business Of Fuel Cells
5/15/2003) Manhattan Scientifics Licenses fuel Cell Patents To Ballard Eyeforfuelcells Newsdesk (5/15/2003) Boeing and UKs Intelligent energy in FC plane
http://www.eyeforfuelcells.com/
EIN Publishing - Fuel Cells
CT.Innovations FOCUS The Connecticut Clean energy Fund invests in companies working with fuel cells and renewable energy. David
http://www.eintoday.com/Links/fcn_links.htm
Dti: Energy - Renewables
fuel cells. fuel cells have the potential to change the way the whole world uses and produces its future energy. Although the mass
http://www.dti.gov.uk/energy/renewables/technologies/fuel_cells.shtml

Extractions: Text version Help NUCLEAR OIL AND GAS ... Consultations RENEWABLES Policy and Renewables Obligation Renewables UK Renewables Advisory Board Technologies and resources ... Technologies and resources / Fuel cells Fuel Cells have the potential to change the way the whole world uses and produces its future energy. Although the mass production of Fuel Cells is some way off, the impact they could have on our environment should not be underestimated. Offering virtually zero emissions at the point of use, with water as the only by-product, they have a range of potential applications. These include: Fuel Cells produce electricity and heat by combining hydrogen and oxygen in an electrochemical process. They are similar to regular batteries except that the fuel and oxidant are stored externally, enabling them to continue operating as long as the chemicals are supplied. In most applications the oxygen is taken directly from air, so only the fuel has to be stored. The ideal fuel for fuel cells is hydrogen, but other hydrogen containing fuels (such as natural gas or petrol) may be used if they are passed through a reformer which converts them into a hydrogen rich gas.
HNEI > R&D > Fuel Cells
HNEI will be the implementing partner, and is working with DBEDT, industrial partners such as UTC fuel cells, Stuart energy Systems, local utilities, Sunline
http://www.hnei.hawaii.edu/fuelcell.asp

Extractions: Quick Links: Hawaii Fuel Cell Test Facility HEET HNEI Fuel Cells Fuels cells produce electricity through the electrochemical reaction of hydrogen and oxygen. They enjoy higher efficiencies than internal combustion engines, produce little or no emissions (depending on the source of the hydrogen), offer fuel flexibility, and generate little noise. High efficiency fuel cells are well suited to meet the demands for distributed power generation and commercial and transportation applications. Fuel cell technology also holds immense potential for military applications, including propulsion systems for unmanned undersea and aerial vehicles, portable fuel cell systems for mobile warfare, power for fleet vehicles and weapons systems, and reliable digital quality power for critical operations. In spite of the immense promise of PEM fuel cells, issues such as durability, reliability, cost, and integration of stacks into reliable power systems need additional development if the promise is to be met. In keeping with its mandate to develop alternatives to imported fossil fuels, the Hawaii Natural Energy Institute (HNEI) has established a major fuel cell research and development program. This effort builds on HNEI's highly successful research on hydrogen production from renewable resources and bolsters the State of Hawaii's goals of reducing its heavy dependence on imported fossil fuels for electricity and transportation.
Fuel Cells
company Ballard Power Systems is perhaps the one that has come farthest with PEM fuel cells. Other important developers are Denora, energy Partners, Toyota and
http://www.bellona.no/en/energy/hydrogen/11576.html

Extractions: Figure 1: A PEM fuel cell stack In connection with the space programme Apollo, NASA needed a light and reliable power supply on board the space capsule. They tookk up the development of fuel cells, at that time looked on as a curiousity from 1839. On the Apollo journey to the moon, the energy supply on board the space capsule was based on hydrogen fuel cells, and the "waste product" - water - was drunk by the crew. Today, fuel cells are common in spaceflight.

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