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Earthquake Measurement:     more books (100)

Earthquake Measurement (1883) by James Alfred Ewing, 2010-09-10 Earthquake, Blast and Impact: Measurement and effects of vibration by Seced - The Society For Earthquake & Civil Engineering Dynamics, 1990-12-31 Earthquake history and measurement with application to the Lake Michigan drainage basin (ANL/ES-40) by Richard B Keener, 1974 National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program : Proceedings of Conference, Stress and Strain Measurements Related to Earthquake Prediction by National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program., 1978-01-01 Earthquake Measurement (1883) by James Alfred Ewing, 2010-09-10 Earthquake: An entry from Thomson Gale's <i>Gale Encyclopedia of Science, 3rd ed.</i> by Bill Hanneberg, 2004 Reliability-based earthquake design of jacket-type offshore platforms considering pile-soil-structure interaction.(Report): An article from: American Journal of Applied Sciences by Behrouz Asgarian, Hossein Agheshlui, 2009-04-01 Earthquake: An entry from UXL's <i>UXL Encyclopedia of Science</i> Earthquake Disaster.(earthquake in India and cause of earthquakes): An article from: Junior Scholastic Instrumentation for Ground Vibration and Earthquakes On a neglected principle that may be employed in earthquake measurements by John Perry, 1877 The May 6, 1976 Friuli earthquake: Field measurements by Dimitri J Papastamatiou, 1977 Design of the Shell project: Seafloor Earthquake Measurement System (SEMS) (SAND) by James P Hickerson, 1987 Analysis of earthquake recordings obtained from the Seafloor Earthquake Measurement System (SEMS) instruments deployed off the coast of southern California (SuDoc I 19.76:97-733) by David M. Boore, 1998

lists with details

1. EARTHQUAKE MAGNITUDES
   Activity 1. Introduction to earthquake magnitudes. Activity 2. Calculating your own earthquake about a different kind of earthquake measurement call the Mercalli Index, which  
   http://lasker.princeton.edu/ScienceProjects/curr/eqmag/eqmag.htm

2. Earthquakes Theme Page
   learn about the history of earthquakes, the formation of continents, and earthquake measurement and prediction understanding of the impact an earthquake could have on a country by  
   http://www.cln.org/themes/earthquakes.html
   
   Extractions: Earthquakes Theme Page Below are the CLN "Theme Pages" which may supplement the study of earthquakes. CLN's theme pages are collections of useful Internet educational resources within a narrow curricular topic and contain links to two types of information. Students and teachers will find curricular resources (information, content...) to help them learn about this topic. In addition, there are links to instructional materials (lesson plans) which will help teachers provide instruction in this theme. General Earthquake Resources This "Theme Page" has links to two types of resources related to the study of earthquakes. Students and teachers will find curricular resources (information, content...) to help them learn about this topic. In addition, there are also links to instructional materials (lesson plans) which will help teachers provide instruction in this theme. Please read our [The] ABC's of Plate Tectonics "A broad analysis of the basic principles that should apply to the movements of plates, some new hypotheses about how they apply to convection and landform formation, and some expected scenarios for differing tectonic events."

3. Parkfield CA Earthquake Measurement
   Parkfield CA earthquake measurement. Here are some links to the earthquakemeasurement/prediction experiment mentioned in the Earth Revealed video  
   http://www.geocities.com/CapeCanaveral/7639/internal/prkfld.htm
   
   Extractions: Double-click on any word Parkfield CA Earthquake Measurement Here are some links to the earthquake measurement/prediction experiment mentioned in the Earth Revealed video: http:// www.geophys.washington.edu/ SEIS/ PNSN/ INFO_GENERAL/ eq_prediction.html http:// www.seismo.berkeley.edu/ seismo/ annual_report/ ar97_98/ node15.html#SECTION04340000000000000000 http:// www.usgs.gov/ public/ press/ public_affairs/ press_releases/ pr447m.html http:// kilauea.stanford.edu/ jrmurray/ Parkfield.html ... http:// quake.wr.usgs.gov/ research/ parkfield/ index.html (Return to top of page)

4. Caltech Earthquake Engineering Research Laboratory Technical Reports - Strong-mo
   Strongmotion earthquake measurement using a digital accelerograph 1984) Strong-motion earthquake measurement using a digital accelerograph  
   http://caltecheerl.caltech.edu/archive/00000157
   
   Extractions: Caltech Earthquake Engineering Research Laboratory Technical Reports Home About Browse Search ... Help Iwan, Wilfred D. and Moser, Michael A. and Peng, Chia-Yen Strong-motion earthquake measurement using a digital accelerograph. Technical Report California Institute of Technology Full text available as: PDF Adobe PDF (3 MB) - Requires Adobe Acrobat Reader or other PDF viewer. This paper presents results of a study of some of the characteristics of the Kinemetrics PDR-1 digital strong-motion accelerograph. The paper gives the results of laboratory tests of the background noise level of the instrument and compares these results with previously reported observations for optical instruments. The determination of displacement from acceleration data is discussed and results of laboratory tests are presented. Certain instrument anomalies are identified, data correction algorithms proposed, and examples given. The paper also presents the results of a comparison of earthquake records obtained from side-by-side digital and optical analog instruments. Finally, some results obtained from a recent Chinese earthquake are discussed. EPrint Type: Monograph (Technical Report) Additional Information: PB-91-170191/AS Subjects: Earthquake Engineering Research Laboratory ID Code: Deposited By: Jim O'Donnell Deposited On: 08 October 2001 Record Number: CaltechEERL:1984.EERL-84-02

5. Antony C. Fraser Smith, Research Interests
   area, they enable ULF magnetic field fluctuations along a substantial section ofthe San Andreas fault to be monitored (see map of earthquake measurement sites  
   http://www-star.stanford.edu/~acfs/fraser-smith-research.html
   
   Extractions: Note: Clicking on any one of the highlighted references below will give you a segment of Prof. Fraser-Smith's publication list with the desired reference usually at (or close to) the top of the segment.] Prof. Fraser-Smith conducts experimental and theoretical research into the origin and properties of low frequency electromagnetic field variations in the Earth's environment and in space. The specific frequencies covered by this work are the following: Prof. Fraser-Smith also investigates the relation of these ULF, ELF, and VLF electromagnetic variations to other phenomena on and below the Earth's surface (including the sea surface), in the neutral atmosphere, and in the ionosphere, magnetosphere, and interplanetary space. This research included the first measurements of ULF geomagnetic field fluctuations with a superconducting magnetometer [ Fraser-Smith and Buxton,

6. DOE Document - Development Of A Seafloor Earthquake Measurement
   A Seafloor earthquake measurement System is being developed at Sandia to measure marine sediment response to seismic activity.^The system will use an acoustic telemetry system to transmit commands  
   http://rdre1.inktomi.com/click?u=http://www.osti.gov/energycitations/product.bib

7. Elementary Theme Pages By Jim Cornish
   Measurement of Earthquakes. Earthquake Magnitude Richter Scale; EarthquakeMeasurement earthquake measurement is not a simple problem.  
   http://www.stemnet.nf.ca/CITE/earthquakes_measurement.htm

8. Strong-motion Earthquake Measurement Using A Digital Accelerograph
   Strongmotion earthquake measurement using a digital accelerograph This paper presents results of a study of some of the characteristics of the Kinemetrics PDR-1 digital strong-motion  
   http://rdre1.inktomi.com/click?u=http://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechEERL:1984.EE

9. Int4
   Earthquakes in Japan earthquake measurement. The Japanese shindo scale for measuring earthquakesis more commonly used in Japan than the Richter scale.  
   http://inst.santafe.cc.fl.us/~jklein/html/int4.htm
   
   Extractions: BACK NEXT GEOLOGY INDEX STUDY QUESTIONS Earthquake Measurement Earthquake measurement is not a simple problem. It is hampered by many things. Few people are capable of observing carefully what is happening around them when they are experiencing an earthquake. Moreover, equipment and structures often fail during severe earthquakes. Also, most quakes only last seconds or at most, minutes. Lastly, effects of the same event vary widely from location to location. Therefore it is difficult to coherently and accurately describe what happens during an earthquake based on eyewitness accounts. To measure earthquakes we use two different scales. One measures the energy of the waves, the other the resulting amount of damage The Richter Scale The first, the Richter scale , is an absolute scale that measures the amount of ground movement and the energy released by an earthquake, its magnitude . An earthquake of magnitude 1 releases approximately as much energy as that generated by the explosion of one pound of TNT. Each number on the Richter scale represents a ten-fold increase in ground motion and an associated energy release of approximately 30 times that of the previous number. This means that an earthquake of magnitude 7 will be nearly 1,000 times more powerful than a magnitude 5 event. Earthquakes of magnitude 6 or greater are considered severe, and represent potentially devastating events. Unfortunately, they are not all that rare. Although the Richter scale gives a fairly accurate measurement of the amount of energy released, it does not give any information as to what happens to people and structures. For that, we use the Mercalli scale.

10. Caltech Earthquake Engineering Research Laboratory Technical Reports - The Wilmo
    simplified instrument for the direct measurement of one point on the response application to strongmotion earthquake measurement. Department Earthquake Engineering Research  
    http://caltecheerl.caltech.edu/archive/00000289
    
    Extractions: Caltech Earthquake Engineering Research Laboratory Technical Reports Home About Browse Search ... Help Hudson, Donald E The Wilmot survey type strong-motion earthquake recorder. Technical Report California Institute of Technology Full text available as: PDF Adobe PDF (4 MB) - Requires Adobe Acrobat Reader or other PDF viewer. A simplified instrument for the direct measurement of one point on the response spectrum of the ground motion caused by strong-motion earthquakes is described, and the theory of operation is developed. Determinations of the physical characteristics of two test instruments of a standardized design suitable for large scale production and installation are discussed. Direct comparisons between the instrument results and the spectrum analysis of base accelerations are given, and the conclusion is reached that the device in its present form is suitable for the contemplated application to strong-motion earthquake measurement. EPrint Type: Monograph (Technical Report) Subjects: Earthquake Engineering Research Laboratory ID Code: Deposited By: Jim O'Donnell Deposited On: 18 June 2002 Record Number: CaltechEERL:1958.EERL.1958.001

11. Earthquake Quiz
    Earthquake Quiz. 1. The deadliest earthquake on record was Which method of earthquake measurement is preferred by today's modern seismologists  
    http://www.redcross.org/news/dro/Low/Earthquake

12. Earthquake Measurement With Moving Recording Poper
    Translate this page  
    http://www.univie.ac.at/Wissenschaftstheorie/heat/gallery/fig3-118f.htm

13. Earthquake Measurement With Moving Recording Poper P
    earthquake measurement with moving recording poper by Karl KREIL(1855). document last modified (mm/dd/yyyy) © HEAT Editors.  
    http://www.univie.ac.at/Wissenschaftstheorie/heat/gallery/figures3/fig3-118g.htm

14. Strong-motion Earthquake Measurement Using A Digital Accelerograph
    Dublin Core Metadata. Title, Strongmotion earthquake measurement using adigital accelerograph. Creator, Iwan, Wilfred D. Creator, Moser, Michael A.  
    http://arc.cs.odu.edu:8080/dp9/getrecord/oai_dc/CaltechEERL.OAI/oai:CaltechEERL.
    
    Extractions: OAI Header Identifier oai:CaltechEERL.OAI:157 Datestamp Dublin Core Metadata Title Strong-motion earthquake measurement using a digital accelerograph Creator Iwan, Wilfred D. Creator Moser, Michael A. Creator Peng, Chia-Yen Subject Earthquake Engineering Research Laboratory Description This paper presents results of a study of some of the characteristics of the Kinemetrics PDR-1 digital strong-motion accelerograph. The paper gives the results of laboratory tests of the background noise level of the instrument and compares these results with previously reported observations for optical instruments. The determination of displacement from acceleration data is discussed and results of laboratory tests are presented. Certain instrument anomalies are identified, data correction algorithms proposed, and examples given. The paper also presents the results of a comparison of earthquake records obtained from side-by-side digital and optical analog instruments. Finally, some results obtained from a recent Chinese earthquake are discussed. Publisher California Institute of Technology Date Type Monograph Type NonPeerReviewed Identifier http://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechEERL:1984.EERL-84-02

15. 10(m) Earthquakes
    earthquake measurement. When an earthquake occurs this device converts thewave energy into a standard unit of measurement like the Richter scale.  
    http://www.physicalgeography.net/fundamentals/10m.html
    
    Extractions: ONLINE TEXTBOOK GLOSSARY ... ABOUT CHAPTER 10: Introduction to the Lithosphere (m). Earthquakes Introduction An earthquake is a sudden vibration or trembling in the Earth. More than 150,000 tremors strong enough to be felt by humans occur each year worldwide. Earthquake motion is caused by the quick release of stored potential energy into the kinetic energy of motion. Most earthquakes are produced along faults tectonic plate boundary zones , or along the mid-oceanic ridges Figures 10m-1 and ). At these areas, large masses of rock that are moving past each other can become locked due to friction . Friction is overcome when the accumulating stress has enough force to cause a sudden slippage of the rock masses. The magnitude of the shock wave released into the surrounding rocks is controlled by the quantity of stress built up because of friction, the distance the rock moved when the slippage occurred, and ability of the rock to transmit the energy contained in the seismic waves . The San Francisco earthquake of 1906 involved a 6 meter horizontal displacement of bedrock. Sometime after the main shock wave

16. ISTAT Earth Science: Earthquakes: Measuring Earthquakes
    . Science Probe Text Science Probe II, Chapter 13, Section 13.1 contains informationabout earthquake measurement. Activity, Access,  
    http://www.seismo.berkeley.edu/seismo/istat/9th/eq_measure.html
    
    Extractions: Effects and potential effects of earthquakes on land, water, and structures: surface rupture, landslides, tsunamis, liquefaction, fires, building collapse. Standards SFUSD Performance Standard 17.5 - Using the distance and timing between S and P waves to determine the epicenter of an earthquake; discussing the relationship between logarithms and the Richter scale. Science Probe Text Science Probe II, Chapter 13, Section 13.1 contains information about earthquake measurement. Activity Access Description Science Probe II: Activity 13D Locating an Earthquake Epicenter Students will learn how seismologists identify epicenter locations on a map. They practice reading seismograms. Activity Access Description Virtual Earthquake Cal State LA One of Cal State LA's Geology On-line labs. A truly interactive on-line exercise for the concepts of locating an earthquake and determining its magnitude. Participants who complete the activity are given a "Virtual Seismologist" award. Earthquake Effects USGS Teacher's guide with computer animations and a paper model. This activity illustrates such effects as the collapse of buildings, fires, and the triggering of tsunamis.

17. Japanzine - Humor
    s strength is sometimes expressed in terms of its magnitude in Japan, they also havea completely different system for earthquake measurement called the shindo  
    http://www.japan-zine.com/Humor.htm

18. Earthquakes
    Lesson 4 Seismic waves and introduction to earthquake measurement. Lesson 5earthquake measurement Seismographs, epicenter location, magnitude scales.  
    http://www-student.furman.edu/users/j/jgreene/Ed33UnitOutline.htm
    
    Extractions: Earthquakes By Jermaine Greene Grade: th Subject: Earth Science Topic: Earthquakes Unit question: Can Earthquakes Occur in South Carolina? South Carolina State Standards Addressed: Inquiry (Various) Earth Science and Earth Process (III. B. 3. C-I.) Inquiry 1. Identify process skills that can be used in scientific investigations. a. Observe 1. Observe patterns of objects and events. 2. Distinguish between qualitative and quantitative observations. b. Classify 1. Arrange data in sequential order. 2. Use scientific (e.g., field guides, charts, periodic tables, etc.) and dichotomous keys for classification. c. Measure 1. Select and use appropriate tools (e.g., metric ruler, graduated cylinder, thermometer, balances, spring scales, and stopwatches) and units (e.g., meter, liter, Celsius, gram, Newton, and second) to measure to the unit required in a particular situation. 2. Select and use appropriate metric prefixes to include milli-, centi-, and kilo-. d. Infer 1. Make inferences based on observations. e. Predict

19. A Quick Tour Of Earthquake Magnitudes
    This earthquake measurement scale is most appropriate for earthquakes that occurat distances greater than 12 degrees (about 1300 kilometers since 1 degree  
    http://www.wcatwc.gov/magnitude.htm
    
    Extractions: Have you ever wondered why there were two or three different magnitudes for the same earthquake? Earthquakes are measured in a number of different ways. One of those ways is to identify the size (energy released) of an earthquake in units of magnitude. There are different methods for getting a magnitude. There is a magnitude that is based on the body waves that travel deep within the earth’s interior. There is a method to calculate a earthquake’s magnitude from the seismic surface waves that travel along the surface layers of the earth. There is even a method that defines a magnitude based on how much of the earth “broke” during the earthquake. The most commonly used magnitudes are the Ml, Mb, MS and Mw types. The Ml or Local (“Richter”) Magnitude is based on the maximum amplitude (A) in micrometers recorded on standard short period (1 sec) seismometer. Ml = logA – logA0, Where A0 is a standard value as a function of distance. This magnitude is good for earthquakes less than 1000 kilometers from the instrument measuring the earthquake. It is valid for earthquakes less than 6 units of magnitude. The Mb or Body Wave Magnitude is based on the amplitude of the P body waves generated by the earthquake. This earthquake measurement scale is most appropriate for earthquakes that occur at distances greater than 12 degrees (about 1300 kilometers since 1 degree = 111 kilometers) from a seismometer. This scale is valid for magnitudes less than 6.5 units.

20. Earthquake & Seismic Information Page
    required). CURRENT/RECENT SEISMIC ACTIVITY. WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCEBETWEEN THE RICHTER AND MERCALLI SCALES OF earthquake measurement?  
    http://www.wreg.com/Global/story.asp?S=242861

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