Extractions: Justice and Public Safety Solutions Intelligence, Crime Analysis, and Forensics Intelligence, crime-analysis, and forensics systems help public safety officials reduce crime through improved resource allocation as well as through the identification of crime patterns and trends. Crime-analysis systems support crime lab management and evidence tracking. The solutions often include specialized crime-tracking applications such as geographic mapping and DNA analysis. Analysis and forensic applications help enforcement agencies identify people and places most highly associated with specific crimes. The following partners offer intelligence, crime-analysis, and forensics systems based on Microsoft technology. Accenture Criminal justice agencies around the world collect millions of pieces of information from many sources but they often lack the tools to comb the information for patterns and relationships. The breadth and diversity of the information makes it hard to connect the piece and find the relationships. Accenture works with some of the largest police and intelligence agencies around the world to help them effectively use all the collected disparate pieces of the intelligence and information. This unified view of information can help agencies better protect their jurisdictions by improving their ability to fight crime and better protect their citizens.
Texas Department Of Public Safety - Courtesy, Service, Protection employed after DPS supplied 25% in matching funds. DPS has the responsibility to provide collection kits, receive blood samples, enter and store dna types into http://www.txdps.state.tx.us/criminal_law_enforcement/crime_laboratory/
Extractions: Crime Laboratory Service Overview Objective Personnel Programs ... DrugFire Overview: From a one-chemist operation established in 1937 at Camp Mabry in Austin, the Crime Laboratory Service has developed into a staff of more than 160 in 13 locations today. The Crime Laboratory provides a myriad of services to law enforcement agencies in the investigation of crimes and is nationally known for its abilities in forensic science (the evaluation and examination of evidence collected at the scene of a crime) and criminalistics (the science of recognizing, identifying, individualizing and evaluating physical evidence by the application of natural science to law-science matters). The crime lab has kept abreast of the latest techniques in these areas in order to provide timely and accurate results to law enforcement agencies requesting assistance. The Crime Laboratory plays an integral role in the criminal justice system and serves as a support service to the law enforcement and judicial communities of Texas. Objective: The overall objective of the Crime Laboratory Service is to provide expert forensic laboratory services to law enforcement agencies within Texas. These services include:
Extractions: Forensic science is the use of science in the service of the law. Sciences used in forensics include any discipline that can aid in the collection, preservation and analysis of evidence such as chemistry (for the identification of explosives), engineering (for examination of structural design) or biology (for DNA identification or matching). A forensic scientist is expert in any technical field and can provide an analysis of the evidence, witness testimony on examination results, technical support and even training in his or her specialized area. Why is Forensic Science important? Analysis of forensic evidence is used in the investigation and prosecution of civil and criminal proceedings. Often, it can help to establish the guilt or innocence of possible suspects. Forensic evidence is also used to link crimes that are thought to be related to one another. For example, DNA evidence can link one offender to several different crimes or crime scenes (or exonerate the accused). Linking crimes helps law enforcement authorities to narrow the range of possible suspects and to establish patterns of for crimes, which are useful in identifying and prosecuting suspects.
Transdisciplinary Seminars On the standard operating procedure for the collection of the suspects house is searched for matching fibres than Is the evidential value of a dna match when a http://www.aiai.ed.ac.uk/~jkk/lprseminars/7mayabstracts.htm
Extractions: Transdisciplinary Seminars on Law, Probability and Risk 7th-9th May 2004 ABSTRACTS Ivo Alberink Validation of the operating procedure for the taking of ear prints The Netherlands Forensic Institute is a participant in the EU project on Forensic Ear Identification, FearID . For this project, a large data set of ear prints is being collected from donors from several countries. For this collection, it is important that samples are representative and that the investigator, or operator, who is giving instructions and dusting the prints, has little or no personal effect on the resulting ear prints. We tested reproducibility and repeatability aspects of the standard operating procedure for the collection of the prints. I will talk about an experiment that we did using different operators taking several ear prints from several donors in order to do this analysis. Annabel Bolck Drugs Sampling When a large consignment with possible illegal units is found, often samples are drawn to determine whether indeed the consignment contains illegal units. In many cases simple rules are used to determine the sample size. These rules include the 10% rule (take 10% of the total consignment) and the square root rule (take as many samples as the square root of the total number of units in the consignment). These rules have no statistical foundation and make it hard to explain in court why exactly that number of samples is analysed. Sample sizes based on statistical methods, however, can provide a more scientific basis for the evidence presented in court.
Online NewsHour: DNA Databanks -- July 17, 1998 distinction that is made to the collection of fingerprints vs Taking dna for inclusion in governmentrun data the individual from whom the matching prints were http://www.pbs.org/newshour/forum/july98/dna_databanks01.html
Extractions: in this forum: If fingerprints are not invasions of privacy, why would DNA samples? Are they any constitutional problems with DNA evidence? Will DNA sampling result in genetic determinism How much can we trust DNA evidence? Does DNA evidence favor the prosecution or the defense NewsHour Backgrounders July 10, 1998: Betty Anne Bowser reports on DNA identification and its impact on criminal investigations. A state-by-state breakdown of legislation regarding DNA databanks. Browse the NewsHour's coverage of law. Outside Links An article on the FBI's Combined DNA Index (CODIS) A speech by head of the FBI's Combined DNA Index. Robert Fuller of Berkeley, CA, asks: If taking DNA samples is an invasion of privacy, why isn't taking fingerprints? Less so, perhaps, but still potentially self-incriminating, and done not to everyone, but to felons, etc? Contrariwise, if fingerprints are okay, why not DNA? Dr. Paul Ferrara of the Virginia Division of Forensic Sciences responds:
ADVANCING JUSTICE THROUGH DNA TECHNOLOGY: USING DNA TO SOLVE CRIMES state, and local dna sample collection programs, and system s capacity to 50 million dna profiles, reduce hours to microseconds for matching dna profiles, and http://www.usdoj.gov/ag/dnapolicybook_solve_crimes.htm
Extractions: TOC Executive Summary Using DNA to Protect the Innocent USING DNA TO SOLVE CRIMES The past decade has seen great advances in a powerful criminal justice tool: deoxyribonucleic acid, or DNA. DNA can be used to identify criminals with incredible accuracy when biological evidence exists. By the same token, DNA can be used to clear suspects and exonerate persons mistakenly accused or convicted of crimes. In all, DNA technology is increasingly vital to ensuring accuracy and fairness in the criminal justice system. News stories extolling the successful use of DNA to solve crimes abound. For example, in 1999, New York authorities linked a man through DNA evidence to at least 22 sexual assaults and robberies that had terrorized the city. In 2002, authorities in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, and Fort Collins, Colorado, used DNA evidence to link and solve a series of crimes (rapes and a murder) perpetrated by the same individual. In the 2001 Green River killings, DNA evidence provided a major breakthrough in a series of crimes that had remained unsolved for years despite a large law enforcement task force and a $15 million investigation. DNA is generally used to solve crimes in one of two ways. In cases where a suspect is identified, a sample of that persons DNA can be compared to evidence from the crime scene. The results of this comparison may help establish whether the suspect committed the crime. In cases where a suspect has not yet been identified, biological evidence from the crime scene can be analyzed and compared to offender profiles in DNA databases to help identify the perpetrator. Crime scene evidence can also be linked to other crime scenes through the use of DNA databases.
AMG Lecture 24 argument, be the same person matching the genotype For example, samples collected at a crime criminal Investigations dna forensics in criminal investigations http://www.biochem.arizona.edu/classes/bioc471/pages/Lecture24/Lecture24.html
Extractions: All humans, with the exception of monozygotic siblings, have numerous differences in their genomic DNA sequence, and therefore are genotypically distinct . A landmark example demonstrating the utility of DNA fingerprinting methods, came in 1985 when Alec Jeffreys of the University of Leicester used restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) as genomic markers to determine that a man confessing to murder, could
WHO DONE IT? that can be used to practice matching bp patterns. substitute bacterial or viral dna for human dna. collection of articles discussing new technologies in crime http://www.accessexcellence.org/AE/AEPC/WWC/1993/who.html
Extractions: 1993 Woodrow Wilson Biology Institute Cooperative learning Writing skills Organizational skills Data collection Problem solving Techniques involved in DNA analysis, blood typing, fingerprinting, skeletal anatomy, chromatography, soil and textile analysis, spectrophotometry Grades 6-12 Minimum of 3 hours but could be expanded to a week or more Materials may be as simple as a labeled diagram of the skeleton for bone identification or as complex as a gel electrophoresis setup Depends on activities selected. Check state guidelines concerning use of body fluids Varies with activities selected. Advance preparation must be made to set up mystery components, expert witness folders, suspect file, and rules for data collection and arrest Everyone loves a mystery, so put your students to work using various scientific methods to solve a murder or series of murders. This highly variable activity can be structured to your number of players, time limits, grade level, materials, etc. Solving a murder requires utilization of critical thinking skills that will integrate several science disciplines and flow across the curriculum. Teams investigate evidence from which they must build a logical case to implicate one of several possible suspects. Give students as little direction as possible beyond the original data so they may experience science through discovery.
Laws, Acts, And Legislation and instruction needed for the collection and forwarding of missing persons database with the dna records in of the bureau identifies a matching dna record for http://www.legislature.state.oh.us/bills.cfm?ID=122_SB_140
Extractions: Winter 2000 F_menu(new Array('NavigationBar21', '../html/cj_editors.html','../assets/images/autogen/CJ_editors_Ns1_1.gif','../assets/images/autogen/CJ_editors_NRs1_1.gif')); F_menu(new Array('NavigationBar22', '../html/cj_archives.html','../assets/images/autogen/CJ_print_Ns1.gif','../assets/images/autogen/CJ_print_NRs1.gif','../html/new_and_newsworthy_archive.html','../assets/images/autogen/CJ_online_Ns1.gif','../assets/images/autogen/CJ_online_NRs1.gif')); DNA Testing: The Next Big Crime-Busting Breakthrough Howard Safir, Peter Reinharz email article respond to article print article T he whole world knows about the extraordinary reduction in crime that New York City has won in recent years by applying a host of innovative new crime-fighting techniques, from computerized crime tracking to quality-of-life policing. But there's a cutting-edge way to slash Gotham's crime rate by another 15 percent: using DNA evidence left behind by criminals to situate them at the scene of the crime. In England, police have pushed DNA profiling to the forefront of crime fighting, helping to solve tens of thousands of crimes. But here in the United States, efforts to expand DNA testing are lagging, in part because of the relentless, if ill-founded, opposition of the American Civil Liberties Union. It's a shame, because not only does the use of DNA testing in law enforcement promise to put more of the guilty behind bars; it has also worked to free innocent people imprisoned for crimes they didn't commit.
Extractions: Love CSI Crime Scene Investigation? Do you dream of becoming a forensic scientist, criminal profiler, or working for the FBI? Our Career Guide to Criminal Profiling will give you the tools you need to cut through the hype and make an informed decision about your Forensic Science education and your career goals. Find out more....
Extractions: When investigators collected a latent fingerprint from a homicide crime scene in 1935, fingerprint examiners compared it to the prints of individuals suspected of committing the murder. A positive match produced strong evidence for trial and was usually the primary factor in gaining a conviction. If months of investigation failed to develop a principal subject, the print was eventually stored as a matter of evidence, along with the investigative file, in the hope that a future lead might prompt a new course of investigation. Although the FBI had an extensive collection of criminal fingerprints, no reliable method to search an unknown latent print against that collection for a match existed. In July 1999, the FBI's Criminal Justice Information Services (CJIS) Division's Integrated Automated Fingerprint Identification System (IAFIS) became operational. IAFIS provides five key services: 10-print services, subject search and criminal history request services, document and image searches, remote search services, and latent print services. In its first 6 months of operation, IAFIS reduced the FBI's criminal 10-print processing time from 45 days to less than 2 hours. The system also introduced a number of new tools that were previously not available.
Catching Criminals With DNA Technology to a Seattle homicide in 1997 by matching his dna funds for the state crime lab to collect and store violent and sex offenders must now provide dna samples to http://www.ofm.wa.gov/budget02/highlights/isubpage/safety/dna.htm
Extractions: A 1996 RAPE CASE IN KING COUNTY IS SOLVED when evidence from the scene matches the DNA of a robber convicted in 1995. A 1993 rape in Arizona is solved when evidence matches the DNA of a man convicted of assault in Washington in 1995. DNA from a Tacoma rape matches DNA from a rape in Phoenix, and both samples match the DNA of a felon convicted in Arizona. Evidence from a rape in Spokane matches to a felon convicted of robbery last year. A rapist convicted in 2000 is linked to a Seattle homicide in 1997 by matching his DNA to evidence from the crime scene. These and other cases could not be solved using traditional investigative methods. But they have been solved in the past six months, using new technology to match evidence samples from unsolved cases against DNA databanks maintained by the State Patrol Crime Laboratory and the FBI. They show that DNA identification technology offers enormous new power to solve crimes, catch criminals, protect the innocent, and make communities safer.
ALRC - On-line Changes should be made to the index matching rules so as not to provide defendants with reasonable pretrial notice of all dna samples collected at a http://www.alrc.gov.au/media/2002/bn6.htm
Extractions: DNA profiling is a now a major tool for all Australian law enforcement authorities. Unlike genetic testing in the health and research contexts, forensic testing is performed on non-coding or so-called 'junk' DNA, with respect to nine agreed sites ('loci') on a chromosome, in order to construct a profile for identification purposes. DNA profiles may be used in criminal investigations to link a suspect to a crime scene, or to exclude a suspect, or to identify a missing person or human remains. The Inquiry's primary concern is the need for harmonisation of Australian forensic procedures legislation, particularly in relation to the collection, use, storage, destruction and index-matching of forensic samples and the DNA profiles created from such samples. Greater harmonisation of the disparate laws and practices across Australia would promote greater effectiveness of DNA profiling as an investigative tool, as well as improve safeguards and public confidence in the integrity of the system.
Fbi_codis_1.htm the laboratories responsible for the matching profiles contact These states have collected approximately 6OO,000 dna fourteen State and local dna laboratories. http://hope-dna.com/docs/fbi_codis_1.htm
Extractions: The FBI Laboratory's Combined DNA Index System (CODIS) blends forensic science and computer technology into an effective tool for solving violent crimes. CODIS enables state and local crime laboratories to exchange and compare DNA profiles electronically, thereby linking serial violent crimes to each other and to known sex offenders. (A DNA profile is the set of genetic characteristics that result from forensic DNA analysis.) Following are several examples of CODIS in action: Richmond, Virginia July 1998: A rape and homicide had baffled the police since the body was found in July 1994. Although the police had samples of blood and semen found in the victim's apartment, they were unable to match the evidence to a suspect. A recent routine computer search of the State's DNA database identified a suspect in the case. A twenty-year old convicted offender, serving a sentence for another rape and murder, was arrested for the 1994 crime. Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, February 1997:
HSTE Instructional Guide marks; shoeprints; pieces of items with matching edges. major type of evidence collected in rape dna Examination significant breakthrough in forensic science; a http://www.texashste.com/html/for_ci.htm
Extractions: TEKS TAKS ELA 1, 4 Mathematics 1, 6, 8, 9 Science 1, 4 KEY POINTS Roles of forensic evidence establishes the element of the crime. Associates/disassociates suspect with the crime. reconstruct the crime scene. investigative personnel and the laboratory scientists work as a team. Forensics assist in investigations by Aids in the solution of the case by providing analysis Proves an element of the crime Identifies the suspect or victim Develop and corroborate the evidence Test statements and alibis Reconstruct crime scene Classification of evidence individual identifying characteristics fingerprints handwriting bullets tool marks shoeprints pieces of items with matching edges class characteristics soil blood hairs fibers paint form an item Evidence Types Fingerprints basic fingerprint patterns Loops Arches Whorls Within basic patterns are points about thirty different types of points no two people have the same types of points in the same number in the same places on their fingertips This is why our fingerprints are totally unique Fingerprints are formed underneath the skin in the dermal papillae layer - as long as that layer of papillae is there, fingerprints will always come back, even after scarring or burning
CODIS Program Overview the laboratories responsible for the matching profiles contact These states have collected approximately 450,000 dna fourteen state and local dna laboratories. http://www.promega.com/geneticidproc/ussymp8proc/14.html
Extractions: FBI Laboratory, Washington, DC The CODIS Program Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, February 1997: In 1992 five women were bound, gagged and stabbed in a drug house in Oklahoma City. The Oklahoma State Bureau of Investigation developed a DNA profile for the killer in 1995, based on evidence found at the crime scene. In 1997, the California Department of Justice used CODIS to match the evidence profile against Danny Keith Hooks, who was convicted of rape, kidnapping and assault in California in 1988. Tallahassee, Florida, February 1995: St. Paul, Minnesota, November 1994: CODIS uses two indexes to generate investigative leads in crimes where biological evidence is recovered from the crime scene. The Convicted Offender Index contains DNA profiles of individuals convicted of felony sex offenses (and other violent crimes). The Forensic Index contains DNA profiles developed from crime scene evidence, such as semen stains or blood spatter. CODIS utilizes computer software to automatically search these indexes for matching DNA profiles. Matches made among profiles in the Forensic Index can link crime scenes together; possibly identifying serial offenders. Based on a match, police in multiple jurisdictions can coordinate their respective investigations, and share the leads they developed independently. Matches made between the Forensic and Convicted Offender Indexes provide investigators with the identity of the perpetrator(s).
ParlInfo Web - View Document State and Territory police services now collecting samples from according to a set of tabulated matching rules As the CrimTrac dna database was established for http://parlinfoweb.aph.gov.au/piweb/view_document.aspx?ID=814329&TABLE=HANSARDS
HeadJam Applied Here FBI TRACE EVIDENCE AND dna ANALYSIS Who did it? task of searching for this evidence by collecting even the The greater the number of matching hairs found, the http://www.teachingtools.com/HeadJam/
Extractions: The Trace Evidence Unit, one of many FBI units that helps with criminal investigations, identifies and compares specific types of trace particles found at a crime scene. These clues might include materials such as human hair, animal hair, textile fibers and fabric, rope, feathers and wood. Hairs and Fibers To examine the characteristics of a hair sample, FBI personnel often use a compound microscope, which magnifies a sample up to four hundred times. To compare hairs, a comparison microscope can be used, which is simply two compound microscopes bridged together, allowing the examiner to see two hairs side by side at the same time. Hair Characteristics Trace particles of fiber evidence differ in their value as evidence. In general, the more rare the fiber, the more significance it will hold in court. For example, plain white cotton fiber, such as T-shirt material, is typically not very useful as evidence because it is too common. If a fiber originating from a suspect matches a fiber found at a crime scene, experts must try to show that it is more than a coincidence. Fortunately for investigators, textiles today have more variety than ever.
The Truth Detector be used to connect or match evidence collected at the technologies, he says, is that dna samples and other accurate, scientific means of matching evidence from http://fairfield.freehosting.net/98nov/brainwaves.html
Extractions: November, 1998 The day after Fairfield resident Larry Farwell gave a public lecture on his new "Brain Fingerprinting" technology, he found out he was wanted by the CIA. Dr. Farwell, Chief Scientist and President of the Human Brain Research Laboratory, had developed a unique computer technology that detects whether a person has committed a crime. Farwell calls it "a scientific method to identify criminals and clear the innocent with extremely high accuracy through measuring electrical brain signals." With this technology, Farwell says he could have solved the O.J. Simpson case in one day. Naturally, the CIA wanted to know more. On learning the full story about Farwell's device, the CIA was impressed enough to fund his research for several years. Farwell has also worked in an unofficial capacity for the FBI. The media has picked up on the significance of Farwell's research, too, and has featured his revolutionary Brain Fingerprinting technology on network and cable news shows, the Discovery Channel, and in U.S. News and World Report. To begin research and development for a government contract, Farwell founded the Human Brain Research Lab in Maryland in 1991. Three years later, he moved to Iowa, where he continues research and development, and has just begun marketing his invention for use in the field.
