Coin And Currency Collections At Notre Dame Currently features 'Coins of Colonial and Early America' and 'Colonial currency', as well as 'Washington Tokens'. http://www.coins.nd.edu/
Extractions: University of Notre Dame Libraries click here for a graphical title page A catalog and historical essay on the coins of colonial and early America from wampum and Massachusetts silver through the provisional half disme of 1792. The catalog contains over 275 coins divided by coin types. Each section contains an introductory essay reflecting recent scholarship followed by full color high-quality jpeg images and descriptions for each coin. A few highlights include: a group of Spanish American gold ingots from 1659, a well preserved Noe 1 Oak Tree shilling, a Higley copper, a Continental "dollar", a 1784 imitation British halfpenny and a 1792 half disme. A catalog featuring hundreds of examples of colonial paper currency with supplementary sections on colonial lottery tickets and fiscal documents. Currency examples range from the New York issue of May 31, 1709 to the fractional currency privately emitted in the 1790's during the copper panic. Emissions are listed under the colony of issue followed by Continental Congress issues. There are a number of notes printed by Benjamin Franklin and several Massachusetts examples by Paul Revere. The site also includes explanatory essays on such topics as the first paper currency emission in the colonies, the relative value of local money in the colonies and land bank notes. The lottery section contains a ticket from the first government sponsored lottery in the colonies, the Massachusetts 1744-45 lottery.
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Index2 Information about currency boards, their history, how they work and understanding them. http://users.erols.com/kurrency/
Extractions: Site maintained by Kurt Schuler . Some material requires a PDF reader. New stuff Currency boards Dollarization Material on related topics ... Miscellaneous New stuff Tables of modern monetary systems: A set of country tables covering monetary authorities and official exchange rate arrangements since the advent of paper moneynot just episodes of currency board and dollarization, but all systems. I am working continent by continent, trying to achieve coverage of all countries by 2006. Comments welcome. Argentina: Argentina's "convertibility" system - (November 14, 2003, revised April 2004) - a somewhat technical essay. See also my long essay on Argentina's Economic Crisis: Causes and Cures (July 2003), a
The 6800 Capital Group Investment manager specializing in risk control by alternative investments and strategies using domestic and international equity, fixed income, options, foreign currency and financial futures markets. http://www.6800capital.com
Extractions: We offer our investors several proprietary portfolios with specific strategic and performance objectives. These portfolios combine multiple independent investment advisors and trading methodologies allocated across a broad range of market sectors. The performance characteristics of the portfolios are usually not correlated with those of traditional, long biased equity and fixed income managers. We design and manage individual investment portfolios to meet our clients' specific performance, risk, and market concentration objectives. These portfolios offer excellent liquidity and transparency. In addition, we operate single-advisor investment partnerships for advisors who meet our stringent criteria. Clients are also provided a broad range of research, accounting, reporting, analytical, and consulting services.
Extractions: Australian Dollars US Dollars British Pounds Canadian Dollars Danish Krone EURO HK Dollars Indonesian Rup. Japanese Yen NZ Dollars Norwegian Kroner Singapore Dollars Sth Korean Won Swedish Krona Swiss Franc Thai Baht Australian Dollars US Dollars British Pounds Canadian Dollars Danish Krone EURO HK Dollars Indonesian Rup. Japanese Yen NZ Dollars Norwegian Kroner Singapore Dollars Sth Korean Won Swedish Krona Swiss Franc Thai Baht More Currencies Here Spot Rates Convert From Andorran Franc.ADF Andorran Peseta.ADP UAE Dirham.AED Afghanistan Afghani.AFA Albanian Lek.ALL Neth. Antilles Guilder.ANG Argentine Peso.ARS Austrian Schilling.ATS Australian Dollar.AUD Aruba Florin.AWG Barbados Dollar.BBD Bangladesh Taka.BDT Belgian Franc.BEF Bulgarian Lev.BGN Bahraini Dinar.BHD Burundi Franc.BIF Bermuda Dollar.BMD Brunei Dollar.BND Bolivian Boliviano.BOB Brazilian Real.BRL Bahamian Dollar.BSD
Extractions: Languages Spanish Portuguese German Italian Korean Arabic Japanese Time, Inc. Time.com People Fortune EW InStyle Business 2.0 LONDON, England British anti-euro protesters have carried a coffin to the Bank of England in protest against the introduction across Europe of the new currency. The small group from the Campaign for an Independent Britain carried the coffin bearing the message, "Death of 12 nation-states killed by the Euro," on Wednesday. Organiser Jim Reynolds, 60, told the UK Press Association: "We are bringing to the public's attention the dangers of joining the euro. We will lose control of interest rates, taxes and monetary policy. "Yesterday Romano Prodi said that the euro was not an economic project but a political project. The government have failed to give any strong economic reasons for joining." He added: "Our message is directed squarely at the British public and we are warning of the great dangers of joining the euro.
The Money Is No Good An alternative view examining the role of money, reassessing the workmanship that goes into new larger portrait currency, and taking a closer look at the economics behind globalization. http://www.fdungan.com/money.htm
Extractions: The Money Is No Good by Fred Dungan "If you once forfeit the confidence of your fellow citizens, you can never regain their respect and esteem. It is true that you may fool all the people some of the time; you can even fool some of the people all of the time; but you can't fool all of the people all the time." - Abraham Lincoln Monopoly money is what it most closely resembles. Never have portraits been rendered so unprofessionally as on the new, larger portrait $5, $10, and $20 bills. Who did the engraving - a child with a sharp stick? And there is no sense of symmetry. Lincoln, Hamilton, and Jackson deserve better. [Note: On June 20, 2002, the Bureau of Engraving and Printing announced that $20, $50, and $100 bills will get much needed facelifts, possibly as early as 2003. Let's hope they get it right this time.] Why would I bother to concern myself with our currency's artistic value? Because, in the final analysis, that's all it's worth. All United States coin and currency (and virtually all in the world) is fiat money. Unlike the commodity money on which our nation was built, fiat money consists of worthless coins with little or no precious metal in them (if melted down, they would not be worth their face value), and of paper currency that cannot be redeemed for gold or silver and is, in fact, backed by absolutely nothing. Fiat money is money by government decree. That it is worth anything is only because the government says it is worth something. We could just as easily be using monopoly money and arcade tokens. The federal government's actions speak louder than its words. I've been to the building where they print currency. The Treasury is located on a public street in Washington, D.C. You don't need a security clearance to take a tour and there are only a handful of guards. Contrast this with the vault where the government stores its gold. Fort Knox is a military base with extremely tight security. Its best known installation, the United States Bullion Depository, is guarded by 70 ton tanks. Now, which do you suppose the government values most, millions of dollars in paper currency or a single bar of gold? They know they can always print more money. Gold, however, is an entirely different story. All United States currency bears the slogan "In God We Trust" on the reverse side. God has my infinite trust, but I've learned the hard way not to trust the government completely. Neither, it seems, do most people. The Susan B. Anthony dollar coins stacked up in the Treasury's vaults and the government could only dispose of them by giving them as change in postal machines. The outlook for the new "fool's gold" dollar is much better, but, not to take any chances, the government has stooped to saturation advertising in order to promote them - clever little commercials in which the father of our country takes on a cool image. Personally, I liked George Washington just the way he was, but that only goes to show how advertising devilishly attempts to manipulate our most sacred values. Considering that the cost of printing paper money is minimal, the federal government makes an enormous windfall profit whenever it places new bills in circulation. It has been argued that this is an unjustified source of revenue. Perhaps a fairer method (at least in the perspective of the average citizen) would be to toss the bills out the open doors of helicopters hovering over densely populated inner city neighborhoods. Ludicrous as this may sound, it makes more sense to me than most government giveaway programs. Any nation, such as the United States, that elects to utilize "funny money" runs the risk that some brave individual, sometime, like the small boy in Hans Christian Andersen's The Emperor's New Clothes , will shout that the money is no good. As I see it, that would be to no one's advantage. Discounting its many faults, our monetary system functions remarkably well. Now, imagine how much better a gold and silver bullion-backed, crash-proof, convertible currency would work! Allan Greenspan, are you listening? The demands of economic globalization will eventually dictate that the world adopts a single currency. Something like this has already occurred in Europe with the advent of the Euro. How long will Canada maintain the fiction of a seperate stock exchange and currency uninfluenced by Wall Street and fluctuations in the U.S. dollar? I predict that the spheres of influence - U.S., European Common Market, and Japanese - will continue to expand. Once they have devoured the Third World, the only options remaining will be to war among themselves (unlikely when you consider that it would be tantamount to nuclear suicide) or merge. With each G8 summit, the developed nations take another step towards a single, unified currency. What makes our leaders think that facilitating the electronic transfer of funds is more important to Americans than our borders and national identity? Could their decision making be influenced by generous contributions from multi-national corporations? But does soft money actually buy politicians? Let's go to an insider to find out. In a speech before the United States Senate on October 14, 1999, Senator John McCain had this to say: "I believe that part of the problem, indeed a 'key ingredient' of wasteful spending and special interest tax breaks is the effect of soft money on the legislative process....I have already cited ...the large amount of soft money given to both parties by various industries and the aggregate amount of tax breaks those industries received. I believe, even if some of my colleagues do not, that these amounts have impaired our integrity. I believe that as strongly as I believe anything. Unlimited amounts of money given to political campaigns have impaired our integrity as political parties and as a legislative institution....if special interests did not believe that their millions of dollars in donations buy them consideration in the legislative process, then ...those special interests - who have a fiduciary responsibility to their stockholders - wouldn't give us that money, would they? Those interests enjoy greater influence here than the working men and women who cannot afford to buy our attention but who are affected, sometimes adversely, by the laws we pass....that seems to be a good working definition of an impairment of our integrity, which is...Webster's [dictionary] definition of corruption." Article I, Section 8, of the Constitution says that "Congress shall have power to...coin money [and] regulate the value thereof ...." And Congress in its wisdom has decided that our money will be backed by our faith in the government. Only a generation ago, that was more than enough. But soft money has corrupted Congress and perverted the political process as well. Allowed to continue unabated, the practice of selling influence to the highest bidder may ultimately force us to reflect that money isn't worth anything more than the government that prints it. The implications, however, go far deeper. Because the global economy is dependent for the most part on the integrity of United States currency, we need to at least give the appearance that our money has actual worth. The recent devaluation of the Argentine peso, which was pegged to the U.S. dollar on a one-to-one basis, gave us fair warning. Allowing the trade deficit to spiral out of control is extremely dangerous. Whether accomplished by force of arms or economic trickery, commerce that is primarily going in one direction will inevitably be labled imperialism by workers in other countries who, though they labor long hours, cannot hope to ever afford the goods they make. Paper promises of future reward will eventually have to be redeemed, i.e. the balance of payments cannot continue its negative flow devoid of consequences. Paying down the national debt is only half the battle: we need to wipe the slate clean - unburden ourselves of the entire national debt and international debts as well. Indebtedness is not the sort of legacy we want to leave our children. This article was taken from Chapter 6 of Bushwhacked by Fred Dungan. For the complete story click here. Return to Home Page This page last modified on April 18, 2003.
XE.com - ISO 4217 Type Currency Symbol List Two lists of the generally used threeletter currency codes, sorted by country and by currency. Site cautions that the codes may in some cases differ from those prescribed by ISO 4217. http://www.xe.com/iso4217.htm
Extractions: Currency Lists There are two columns below: one contains currencies sorted by the geographical areas in which they are used, and the other contains currencies sorted by their three-letter code. Why is the first column longer? Simply because many places do not have their own currency, or choose to use the currencies of one or more other counties. In addition, some places are widely known by multiple names.
Iranian Currency Online gallery of Iranian currency and coins. http://farsinet.com/toman/
Extractions: Persian Stamp Collection The Iranian unit of currency is Rial - Internationally abbreviated to RI or Ris, which is divided into 100 Dinars. Every 10 Rials is also know as 1 Toman (Toe'man). The Bank Markazi (Central Bank), established in 1960 and operated by the government, is the bank of issue. Commercial banking, nationalized and reorganized in 1979, includes some seven major banks. Coins are available in denominations of 10, 50, 100, and 250 Rial . bank notes in denominations of 100, 200, 500 ,1000 , 2000 , 5000 and 10000 Rials In the good old times, Coins were available in 50 Dinars (10 Shahi, 1/2 Rial), 1, 2, 5, and 10 Rilas. Bank notes were available in denominations of 10, 20, 50, 100, 200, 500, 1000, 2000, 5000 and 10000 Rials. (See left list for samples of old and new Iranian Currency coins and Bank notes) More than 90 percent of Iran's export earnings typically come from sales of crude petroleum and petroleum products; most of the country's imports consist of manufactured goods such as machinery, transportation equipment, chemicals, iron and steel, textiles, mineral products, and basic consumer goods. In the late 1980s Iran's exports annually earned about $9.4 billion, and its imports cost some $11 billion. The country's leading trade partners include Japan, Germany, France, Italy, the United States, Great Britain, and the Netherlands.
Extractions: This is Randy Johnson's collection of foreign paper money, collected over several years of traveling. This page is meant to be a feast for the eyes , displaying some of the more beautiful money from around the world that you may not be aware of. Selected by Surfing the Net with Kids as a 4 Star Site! Selected by LightSpan's StudyWeb as an Academic Excellence Award winner! (Feb, 2001) I am not a serious collector, I simply picked up the hobby of collecting paper money in the countries I visited as an alternative to saving coins. I've got bags of those foreign coins somewhere and don't know what to do with them! Coins may be a lot cheaper, but the bank notes are much more interesting and much easier to carry around. These are not offered for sale , just for your viewing pleasure, so enjoy! [If you want more information, there are some Links to Banknote Sites , below.] Go to Index of Countries This page is for viewing only. Reproducing images of legal currency for fraudulent purposes is a crime throughout the world. To clarify this, the text "not legal" has been added to all large images. There are ten separate pages here, for ease of loading, with samples from 32 countries, chosen from my collection not for their value or rarity, but only for their beauty and interest. (
HORWEDEL Collector and dealer of paper money. http://www.horwedelscurrency.com/
MXM Technology Offers a Windows currency conversion calculator. http://mxmtech.hypermart.net/
Welcome To Cummins-Allison Manufacturer of currency equipment, paper shredders and office products. http://www.cumminsallison.com/
1-Click Currency Conversion Exchange rates and currency conversions. Print a currency travel card for your wallet or use the interactive map to find current rates. http://www.currency.co.nz
Currency Exhibition Exhibition of over 150 Currencies including gold coins, silver coins, and banknotes from around the world. http://currency.myrice.com/
Rubicon: World Currency Exchange Rates LAST UPDATED 2004.05.21, Noon (New York, GMT 5). ISO 4217, currency, EXCHANGE RATE (USD/Unit), CONVERTED AMOUNT (Units/USD). AUSTRALIA, AUD, Australian Dollars, http://www.rubicon.com/passport/currency/currency_basic_frame.asp
Extractions: Basic Rates BASE CURRENCY Australian Dollars Canadian Dollars Chinese Renminbi Danish Kroner Euro United Kingdom Pounds Hong Kong Dollars Indian Rupees Japanese Yen Mexican Pesos Norway Kroner Russian Rubles Singapore Dollars Swedish Krona Swiss Francs United States Dollars Brazilian Real EXCHANGE AMOUNT LAST UPDATED: 2004.06.07, Noon (New York, GMT -5) ISO (Units/USD) AUSTRALIA AUD Australian Dollars BRAZIL BRL Brazilian Real CANADA CAD Canadian Dollars CHINA CNY Chinese Renminbi DENMARK DKK Danish Kroner EURO EUR Euro GREAT BRITAIN GBP United Kingdom Pounds HONG KONG HKD Hong Kong Dollars INDIA INR Indian Rupees JAPAN JPY Japanese Yen MEXICO MXP Mexican Pesos NORWAY NOK Norway Kroner RUSSIA RUR Russian Rubles SINGAPORE SGD Singapore Dollars SWEDEN SEK Swedish Krona SWITZERLAND CHF Swiss Francs UNITED STATES USD United States Dollars Rates quoted from the Bank of Montreal
