Extractions: Tel: (415) 621-5661 x319 The United States holds the dubious distinction of having the largest incarcerated population in the world, with 2 million people behind bars as of year-end 1999. With only 5% of the world's population, the U.S. holds a quarter of the world's prisoners. In the 1990s alone, more persons were added to prisons and jails than in any other decade on record. While all states have increased their prison populations over the last two decades, the Justice Policy Institute (JPI) has conducted a series of studies analyzing the incarceration records of individual states to put the national numbers into context. Our reports have highlighted state-specific prison growth, the disproportionate impact incarceration policies have had on African American and Latino communities and youth, and have analyzed the role prison growth may have played on the changing crime rate. Some of JPI's recent findings include: In the state of California, nearly four in ten African American men in their twenties are under some form of criminal justice control. While African Americans make up 7% of California's population, and constitute 20% of felony arrests, 31% of the prison population and 43% of third "strike" defendants sent to state prison.
Extractions: CENTER ON JUVENILE AND CRIMINAL JUSTICE PRESS RELEASE www.cjcj.org Center on Juvenile and Criminal Justice, 1622 Folsom Street, San Francisco, CA 94103 The principal authors of this report were Dana Kaplan, Vincent Schiraldi and Jason Ziedenberg. Beck, Allen J. Prisoners in 1999 (August 2000). Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of Justice, Bureau of Justice Statistics. Schiraldi, Vincent and Ziedenberg, Jason. (April 1999) The Punishing Decade: Prison and Jail Estimates at the Millenium. Washington, DC: The Justice Policy Institute. Ibid. Davis, Christopher, Estes, Richard and Schiraldi, Vincent. (1996) ³Three Strikes²: The New Apartheid. San Francisco, CA: Center on Juvenile and Criminal Justice. Ambrosio, Tara Jen and Schiraldi, Vincent. (February 1997) Trading Classrooms for Cellblocks: A National Perspective. Washington, D.C.: The Justice Policy Institute. Schiraldi, Vincent, and Ziedenberg, Jason. The Florida Experiment: An Analysis of the Impact of Granting Prosecutors the Discretion to try juveniles as adults. (July 1999) Washington, DC: The Justice Policy Institute. Gangi, Robert, Schiraldi, Vincent and Ziedenberg, Jason. (December, 1998) New York State of Mind: Higher Education vs. Prison Funding in the Empire State, 1988-1998. Washington, D.C.: The Justice Policy Institute.
Law Enforcement & Crime World; United States; History Gov t; Biography; Sports; Arts Ent. Law Enforcement crime. crime Data. Law Enforcement. incarceration and Capital Punishment. http://www.infoplease.com/cgi-bin/id/A0004881.html
Extractions: " Nearly half a million people are now behind bars [in USA] for non-violent drug law violations that's more than all of Western Europe, with a larger population, incarcerates for everything !" - Drug Policy Alliance. Sept. 2003 mail. Texas leads the world with 4.7% of Texas adults in prison or jail, or on probation or parole! "Fascism should more properly be called corporatism because it is the merger of state and corporate power.
Marijuana Arrests And Incarceration In The United States figures cast serious doubt on the argument that marijuana incarceration costs arelow enough to be ignored. Notes. 1 crime in the United States 1997, FBI http://www.mpp.org/arrests/fas61699.html
Extractions: June 1999 Marijuana Arrests and Incarceration in the United States by Chuck Thomas There were more than 700,000 marijuana arrests in the United States in 1997. This was the largest number in U.S. history. Of these arrests, 87% were for possession rather than sale or manufacture. The percentage of possession arrests has been at least 80% for more than a decade, and it has been rising throughout the 1990s. The total number of annual marijuana arrests, having dipped in the 1980s, has been rising sharply since 1992. It is often asserted that these arrests rarely lead to any substantial penalty, and that therefore the costs of the current high-arrest policy, both to those arrested and to the correctional system, are modest. Some recent figures from the Justice Department's Bureau of Justice Statistics (BJS) cast doubt on that assertion. Calculations based on recent BJS reports suggest that, at any one time, 59,300 prisoners charged with or convicted of violating marijuana laws (3.3% of the total incarcerated population) are behind bars, at a total cost to taxpayers of some $1.2 billion per year. They represent almost 12% of the total federal prison population and about 2.7% of the state prison population. Of the people incarcerated in federal and state prison and in local jails, 37,500 were charged with marijuana offenses only and an additional 21,800 with both marijuana offenses and other controlled-substance offenses. Of the marijuana-only offenders, 15,400 are incarcerated for possession, not trafficking.
New Marijuana Arrest Record (Source FBI s division of Uniform crime Reports, crime in the United States2000, published in October 2001.). Marijuana Arrests and incarceration in the http://www.mpp.org/arrests/arrests.html
Extractions: In 2000, the number of marijuana arrests in the United States (by state and local police) was the largest in history: 734,498! And 88% of those arrests were for possession, not sale or manufacture. (Source: FBI's division of Uniform Crime Reports, Crime in the United States: 2000, published in October 2001.) Marijuana Arrests and Incarceration in the United States Return to ...
Crime United States and England with respect to crime rates (as measured both by victimizationsurveys and police statistics), conviction rates, incarceration rates http://www.statistics.com/hyperseek.php/Crime
Crime Links http//www.supremecourt.org Infamous Crimes In depth investigation into the in Louisiana,a state with the highest incarceration rate in the United States. http://www.annabellemagazine.com/annabelle issue 3/CrimeLinks.html
Extractions: In this briefing, we present new figures documenting racial disparities state-by-state in the incarceration of African Americans and Latinos. We hope they will help state residents and public officials to understand their state-specific incarceration patterns and practices. Two years ago, drawing on data from thirty-seven states, Human Rights Watch documented racial disparities in the incarceration of state drug offenders. Since most drug offenders are convicted of state law violations, our state-by-state analysis provided an important insight into the consequences of state policies that were masked by the more commonly available aggregate national data.
Extractions: IV. CRIME, CRIMINAL JUSTICE POLICIES AND INCARCERATION As one might expect, the number of people disenfranchised reflects to some extent the number of people involved in criminal activity. But the proportion of the population that is disenfranchised has been exacerbated in recent years by the advent of harsh sentencing policies such as mandatory minimum sentences, and truth-in-sentencing laws. Although crime rates have been relatively stable, these laws have increased the number of offenders sent to prison and the length of time they serve. The impact of changed sentencing policies is readily apparent from Department of Justice data. For example, persons arrested for burglary had a 53 percent greater likelihood of being sentenced to prison in 1992 than in 1980, while those arrested for larceny experienced a 100 percent increase. The most dramatic change can be seen for drug offenses, where arrestees were almost five times as likely to be sent to prison in 1992 as in 1980. In addition, since the number of drug arrests nearly doubled during this period, the impact was magnified further. Over this same twelve-year period, the rate of incarceration in prisons rosefrom 139 to 332 per 100,000 U.S. residents.
Extractions: Your Javascript is turned off or you're using an old browser. You're missing a helpful scrolling menu, but the bottom of the page has complete navigation options. What Every American Should Know About the Criminal Justice System This page was originally created by the National Commission on Institutions and Alternatives , although this extremely helpful resource is no longer available on their website. The webmaster of StopViolence has done some editing and provided additional links to information beyond this page. Original page available in archive.org for comparison) Share this page: Enter e-mail address How to Read Crime Rate Statistics Statistics are tricky. For every statistic designed to enlighten, there is a statistic designed to mislead. The problem for the American public is to distinguish tricky statistics from accurate statistics. This section is designed to help people to understand how crime rates are measured so they can draw their own conclusions from statements in the news.
Youth Incarceration ratified by the United States (Juvenile crime, Adult Adjudication At one time, sodid the United States. some of the other US youth incarceration issues include http://www.tf.org/
Extractions: Dan Macallair of CJCJ on the Current State and Future of Juvenile Justice The 31,000 member California Correctional Peace Officers Association (CCPOA) is the second-largest state employees union in California, and arguably the most influential lobby group in the state...the union spends $7 million each year supporting political causes .A Closer Look: Prison Union's Influence on Budget in Question...The Daily Bruin, Richard Clough, 5/12/04 The CCPOA has been able to get 'huge contracts' in a state budget with a 'limited amount of resources,' which can detract from the funds allocated to other groups....that's a detriment to public education.
US Prisons If the US incarceration rate were commensurate with our 5x higher crime rates thanmany countries incarceration rates in contiguous states vary due http://christianparty.net/prison.htm
Extractions: One Third of the World's Prison Population Two Thirds of the World's Rapists Only OneTwentieth of the World's Population Banning school prayer and failing to uphold adultery laws put more US citizens in prison than any other nation, 780,000 more than Russia and half a million more than China Up to 470,536 of the 470,000 American men now in prison for rape may have been falsely accused. If the US had an incarceration rate equivalent to China's, 1,943,000 of the 2 million men currently in prison wouldn't be there and Americans would have spent 30 million fewer manyears behind bars since 1940. Finally: the mainstream media takes note Each 2 years in prison shortens a man's life expectancy by one year, so 30 million manyears in prison is a total shortened life expectancy of 15 million manyears, the equivalent of 205,500 lives. Feminist jurisprudence caused a ten fold increase in the US incarceration rate, even as violent crimes like murder decreased. While most rates decreased between 1985 and 1995, no country's incarceration rate increased as rapidly as ours.
Crime And Incarceration Rates Nagel, J. (1982) The Relationship Between crime and IncarcerationAmong the American States. Policy Studies Review 2 193202. http://www.fcc.state.fl.us/fcc/reports/rates/rateref.html
Extractions: REFERENCES Austin, J. (1986) "Using Early Release to Relieve Prison Crowding: A Dilemma in Public Policy." Crime and Delinquency Crime and Delinquency Ranking the Nation's Most Punitive States , National Council on Crime and Delinquency , San Francisco. Journal of Criminal Justice Criminology Crime in Florida , Florida Chamber of Commerce. Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency Criminology Biles, D. (June, 1979) "Crime and the Use of Prisons," Federal Probation , pp. 39-43. Criminal Careers and "Career Criminals." National Academy of Sciences, Washington DC. Bowker, L.H. (1981) "Crime and the Use of Prisons in the United States: A Time Series Analysis." Crime and Delinquency Bureau of Justice Statistics (1983) Report to the Nation on Crime and Justice. U.S. Department of Justice: Washington, DC. Bureau of Justice Statistics (February, 1987) Imprisonment in Four Countries. U.S. Department of Justice: Washington DC. Bureau of Justice Statistics (1988) Probation and Parole, 1987.
Crime And Incarceration Rates Rather than just examining United States crime and incarceration rates at one pointin time as Biles (1979) had done, Bowker compared the rates over time. http://www.fcc.state.fl.us/fcc/reports/rates/rate.html
Extractions: INTRODUCTION DETERRENCE THEORY The theory of deterrence is central to any investigation of the possible relationship between crime rates and incarceration rates. Two specific branches of deterrence theory are general deterrence theory and specific deterrence theory. General deterrence theory suggests that a perception of certain and severe punishment for committing a crime will deter individuals from engaging in criminal behavior. Specific deterrence theory suggests that criminals can be prevented from committing crimes by physically removing them from the community. General Deterrence Theoretically, a high incarceration rate would limit crime rates through both general and specific deterrence. Yet, relatively high incarceration rates in the United States have not yielded the general deterrent effects we might hope for. Offenders know that the probability of being convicted and incarcerated for committing a crime is low. For example, in 1975, fewer than 6.15 percent of the reported violent crimes in Michigan resulted in a felony conviction (Johnson, 1988). The probability of being incarcerated for committing rape, robbery, or burglary in North Carolina in 1981 were approximately 5 percent, 9.6 percent, and 1 percent, respectively (Orsagh, 1982). Not only is the certainty of conviction weak, the severity of the conviction when it comes is shockingly light. For example, by some calculations, convicted murderers in 1992 in the state of Florida could expect a sentence of 2.99 years.
Latest News - Response To Right-Wing Critique Of Crime Drop increases in incarceration experienced greater reductions in violent, propertyand total crime than states with above average increases in incarceration. http://www.november.org/stayinfo/breaking/JPI-Response.html
Extractions: From the Justice Policy Institute : Response to Right-Wing Critique of Crime Drop Washington, DC A report to be released by the Bureau of Justice Statistics on Sunday (Criminal Victimization, 2002) shows that overall violent crime and property crime rates in 2002 are at the lowest recorded rates since the inception of this crime reporting survey in 1973. Ironically, this report follows two other recent BJS studies showing that, despite sharp declines in crime, prison populations are on the rise, and that if current incarceration rates hold, 6% of all Americans, 11% of men, 17% of Hispanic men and 32% of African American men born in 2001 are likely to end up in prison at some point in their lifetime. While it is widely recognized that prisons have a damaging impact on the American economy and specific communities, the debate over whether prison expansion has impacted the crime rate has been politicized by the "tough-on-crime" rhetoric of elections and has become detached from social science research. Recent commentators such as George Will and Bill O'Reilly have argued that crime is dropping because of the growing use of prisons. But academics and researchers who have re-examined the efficacy of incarceration as a crime control measure have found only a small and diminishing relationship between crime rates and prison expansion.
Extractions: My current location: / Mountain View, CA Did You Know . . . ?: Crime and Incarceration Facts There is no doubt that crime and criminals are a major problem in U.S. society. But do you have any idea, really, how many crimes are committed each year? How many people are in jail and prison? How Americans feel about the criminal justice system? In a Gallup poll conducted at the request of the U.S. Department of Justice, Bureau of Justice Statistics, 19 percent of the Americans polled in 1998 stated that they have "a great deal" of confidence in the ability of the police to protect them from violent crime. In comparison, 36 percent stated that they had "quite a lot" of confidence, and 37 percent stated that the had "not very much" confidence. In a similar Gallup poll conducted in 1999, 42 percent of black respondents stated that they felt that they had been stopped by the police on the sole basis of their race or ethnicity. Of the white respondents, only 6 percent indicated that they had been stopped by the police for the sole reason of their race. Of respondents questioned in a 2000 Gallup poll conducted for the Bureau of Justice Statistics, 30 percent responded that they had "very little" confidence in the American Criminal Justice system, as compared to 42 percent who reported "some" confidence and 24 percent who indicated that they had a "great deal" or "quite a lot" of confidence in the system.
Issues 2004-Crime 49 states incarceration rates from 1971 to 1989, Thomas Marvell and Carlisle Moodyfound that for each additional prisoner put behind bars, about 17 crimes ( http://www.heritage.org/research/features/issues2004/crime.cfm
Extractions: site map help contact us The Heritage Foundation ... Issues 2004 Crime The Issues Defense and Homeland Security Domestic Policy Economy Education ... Email David Muhlhausen , Senior Policy Analyst Schedule a Briefing Download Printer-friendly Pocketcard (pdf) (202) 675-1761, Media Hotline Crime State and local officials are the front-line forces making America safer. They are implementing effective policies to get violent criminals off the streets and behind bars. Combined with aggressive and intelligent local police methods, these efforts are helping to reduce crime across America. However, members of Congress should affirm the division of authority between the federal government and the states in combating violent crime by reducing federal intrusions into state and local crime fighting activities. Federal officials have enough to do in fighting international terrorism and providing homeland security without taking on street crime. Recommendations End wasteful and ineffective grant programs administered by Community Oriented Policing Services (COPS), and use the money to bolster counterterrorism efforts and help pay down the national deficit. Eliminating funding for COPS is supported by well-founded observations. The COPS program did not meet its goal of placing 100,000 additional officers on the street. The COPS program is ineffective as a crime-reduction policy.
U.S. Has World's Highest Incarceration Rates in the United States, the highest incarceration level in a black male in the UnitedStates would have tough policiesand years when violentcrime rates have http://www.worldrevolution.org/article/984
Extractions: Christian Science Monitor More than 5.6 million Americans are in prison or have served time there, according to a new report by the Justice Department released Sunday. That's 1 in 37 adults living in the United States, the highest incarceration level in the world. PREFERENCES FONT Arial Times Georgia Verdana SIZE
Extractions: March 15, 2004 2004-R-0322 REPORT ON ECONOMIC IMPACT ON CONNECTICUT OF ALTERNATIVES TO INCARCERATION By: Christopher Reinhart, Associate Attorney You asked for a summary of the findings of a report about the economic impact to Connecticut of shifting to alternatives to incarceration. SUMMARY Based on an analysis of a low estimate and high estimate of use of the alternatives to incarceration, the study states that the proposals results in: 1. creating between 989 and 3,958 jobs; 2. increasing gross regional product (GRP) by $ 77 million to $ 311 million; 3. increasing personal income by $ 54 million to around $ 216 million; 4. increasing disposable personal income more than person income reflecting the decrease in personal taxes; 5. a net increase in state tax revenues by between $ 11. 19 million and $ 47. 71 million; and 6. increasing local revenues and decreasing local expenditures, with a net increase in local tax revenue of $ 6. 33 million to $ 27. 4 million. These findings are the annual average increases and are not cumulative. The tables below display these findings and also the permanent changes the study found.
