Cameroon/Cameroun Bibliography Translate this page in the Life of Certain peoples of Southern the Palace A Catalogue of the bamum Palace Museum Cameroon Relations Between the State, indigenous Businessmen and http://www.geocities.com/markdelancey/CamerounBibliography.html
Extractions: Agriculture and Pastoralism Alary, Véronique. "L'utilitarisme en question: les cacaoculteurs face aux risques," in Le désarroi camerounais: l'épreuve de l'économie-monde edited by Georges Courade, pp. 89-109. Paris: Karthala, 2000. Ayisi-Mbala, J.P. The Role of Goats in the Economic Development in Cameroon . Ph.D., Leeds (UK), 1981. Bol Alima, G. Studies on Double Cropping of Maize in Yaoundé, Cameroon . Ph.D., London (UK), 1978. Boutrais, Jean. "L'agro-élevage des Peuls de Ngaoundéré (Adamaoua camerounais)," in L'ethnicité peule dans des contextes nouveaux: la dynamique des frontières edited by Youssouf Diallo and Günther Schlee, pp. 161-89. Paris: Karthala, 2000. Domo, Joseph. "Transformation des représentations dans la pratique agricole au Nord-Cameroun." Annales de la Facult és des Arts, Lettres et Sciences Humaines de lùUniversité de Ngaoundéré (Ngaoundéré) 1 (1996): pp. 31-8. Grangeret-Owona, Isabelle. "La fertilité des terres bamiléké dans tous ses états," in
New Page 1 Shinto Shinto is the indigenous religion of the Japanese Being; as Yataa (Kono) and Nyinyi (bamum) he is part of africa to another, the people recognize that http://www.geocities.com/kikirikov/18.htm
Extractions: The prelude to the consummation of history and the appearance of the Messiah will be a time of tribulation and confusion. Many passages describe how in the Last Days wars, famines, plagues, and natural disasters will abound and civilization will reach its nadir. People will become engrossed in materialism and hedonism, and love will grow cold. Buddhist and Hindu texts affirm that when the consummation is nigh even the civilizations of the contemporary Kali age will plummet to their lowest point. In some scriptures, the last tribulation will be the appearance of the Beast, the Antichrist, or the Dajjal, who will deny the reality of God and deceive millions with a counterfeit truth. Exactly who the Antichrist might be has been the subject of much speculation, most of it fruitless: it is always possible to view the troubles of one's own time as proof that the tribulations have come, and to identify the Antichrist as a church's favorite opponent. A number of texts describe the tribulation at the end of the age as primarily due to the decline of religion, as the inspiration of the founder is gradually forgotten and his teachings are corrupted. We record two passages from major religions predicting such a decline, and follow with two passages from new religions which describe the confusion at the turn of the age as due to the ossified teachings the old religion(s) colliding with the inspiration coming with God's new dispensation.
Eurocentric Vs. Euro-Dominant History the concept that all historiantype people re alike The following scripts are indigenous african scripts. africa) (d) Vai (West africa) (e) bamum (West africa http://www.h-net.org/~world/threads/eurocentric.html
Extractions: ***Eurocentric vs. Euro-dominant history*** Most scholars purusing World History as a research field will agree that a Eurocentric model does not successfully present our global historical reality. Though many world history textbooks still tend to fall short of the "global" mark, an increasing number of world history monographs tend to focus on world-systems and cross-cultural interactions (i.e. Wallerstein and Curtin). Educators, wisely, often supplement these textbooks with such monographs in hopes of presenting a fuller narrative of the past, and to formulate a new historiography which does not perpetuate Eurocentrism. Ideally, I envision a world historical methodology which embraces connections and searches for patterns trans-nationally, but find myself often perplexed by the numbers of contemporary world historical pieces which tend to promote the "dominance" of Europe (post-1500) as the prevalent theme
The World's Religions And Their Scriptures Shinto is the indigenous religion of the Japanese people. Being; as Yataa (Kono) and Nyinyi (bamum) he is part of africa to another, the people recognize that http://www.unification.net/ws/wsintr4.htm
Extractions: Judaism and Christianity Both Judaism and Christianity no longer practice the scriptural laws of animal sacrifices. But while for Judaism the mitzvot, the ethical and ritual commandments of the Bible, remain normative, and are elaborated in the Talmud as the halakah or requirements of life, Christianity has regard only for the Bible's ethical teachingsi.e., the Ten Commandments. Christianity emphasizes faith in Jesus Christ, who gives grace, empowerment, and guidance for living the moral life.[2] Judaism teaches a life of holiness through performing mitzvot and emphasizes the importance of adhering to the Bible's standards of social justice as laid down by the Prophets. The two religions have also diverged on the meaning of the Fall of Man; Christianity affirms a doctrine of Original Sin which is not emphasized in Judaism. These deep differences extend to the way Judaism and Christianity regard their sacred writings. Judaism regards its sacred books as the complete source for all the teachings which God requires of his people for their welfare. For Christianity, the sacred books of Judaism, called the Old Testament, are taken as a preparation for the final revelation that God would make through Christa revelation that is written in the books of the New Testament.
Royalty.nu - Royalty In Africa - History, News, Books africa by Adam Hochschild. King Leopold of Belgium established a rule of terror in the Congo that culminated in the deaths of 4 to 8 million indigenous people. http://www.royalty.nu/Africa/
Extractions: Royalty.nu World Royalty > African Royalty > Books About African Royalty Related Topics Search Click for news and information about: Botswana Egypt Ethiopia Ghana ... World Royal News April 7, 2004 Belgian fury at film on Leopold's Congo terror February 24, 2004 King Leopold's legacy of DR Congo violence . Thank you to Solomon for this link. For books about Leopold II and Congo, click here February 23, 2004 - Donald Tick sent this link with photos of the restoration of the former royal palace in Antananarivo, Madagascar (the accompanying text is in German only). The palace was burned down by arsonists in 1995. Located off the southeast coast of Africa, Madagascar is the world's fourth largest island. In the late 19th century it became a French colony and its last queen, Ranavalo or Ranavalona III , was sent into exile. Today Madagascar is an independent republic. Madagascar: The lost palace of Tana
Background History bamum(Cameroon),. and Local InstitutionsThe Case of Ethiopia, Red Sea Press, 1999 Catherine Odora Hoppers, indigenous Knowledge and People and Plants Online. http://www.africahistory.net/afrihist.htm
Extractions: AFRICA'S HISTORY Professor of History and African Studies, Central Connecticut State University. Northeast Africa is the cradle of African civilization. Note the Legacy of Africa and the antiquity of Olduvai, Northern Tanzania. We must also take into account The Ishango Complex of East-Central Africa and several sites in Southern Africa and other parts of the continent. Africa's oldest boat has been found in Ancient Nigeria and this is about 8000 years old. Multiregional and uniregional theories of human origins point to Africa as the birthplace of humanity. Several molecular biologists and paleontologists confirm this to date. The evidence so far implies that the first humans in the world (homo sapiens) emerged in Africa about 200,000 years ago and migrated to the various continents much later-perhaps as recent as 45,000 years ago in the case of migration to Europe. Recent fossil finds suggest that the world's earliest hominids lived approximately 6 million years before that in Kenya. We note also the 4 million year old fossils of Dinknesh (Lucy) and her descendants and the 1996 discovery in Southern Ethiopia of stone tools 2.5 million years old. The Kenyan -Ethiopian- Tanzanian region is perhaps the birthplace of modern humans, subject to new finds.Note also that several religions do not accept this view on human origins. Ancient Africans migrated within Africa, vertically and horizontally, as well as OUT OF AFRICA to populate the world. For views on the African and Afro-Pacific (Afro-Australian) origins of some Ancient Americans such as the Ancient Brazilians see Dr.Walter Neves,University of Sao Paolo, Brazil (BBC Homepage: Thursday August 26, 1999).
Www.bmpix.org - Basel Mission Picture Archive between missionaries and the indigenous population than some teacher, developed close friendships with the bamum people. M., Images from bamum, German Colonial http://www.bmpix.org/baselmission_ph_sp.htm
Extractions: As a communications network the Basel Mission - like other missionary societies - made early use of photography. The first Basel missionary in West Africa to take photographs was Wilhelm Locher, who was active with a camera in south-eastern Ghana in the 1860s. At the same time his colleague C. G. Richter was taking photographs in what are now the Indian states of Karnataka and Kerala (see illustration 11 A).The Mission also began at this time to acquire images from professional photographers working in coastal cities in Africa and Asia. Photographic images began to be reproduced as engravings in the Missions publications both for home and overseas consumption (see illustration 11 B). It is clear that in practice over the generations photography has remained an important activity among Basel missionaries. In the 1890s and early 1900s, for example, Basel Mission explorers in Cameroon took cameras with them on their journeys to open up new mission districts. Yet pioneer photography plays no part in the traditional identity of this Basel Mission or even in its insiders oral tradition. The formidable Fritz Ramseyer (Basel Missionary in Ghana from 1864 to 1908), still a name to conjure with in Ghana, has been completely forgotten as a photographer, although he took many excellent photographs, starting at the latest in 1888 (see illustration 10). By the time, in the 1980s, scholars from outside the Basel Mission began to point out that there
ArtLex On African Art african art, defined with images of examples, great quotations, and links to other resources. with the cultures of africa's northern parts typically referred or Dioila area, Bamana peoples http://www.artlex.com/ArtLex/a/african.html
Extractions: A frican art - Ceremonial sculpture masks , and crafts produced by African tribal cultures , as well as by the African cultures of colonial and post-colonial periods. Generally African art means sub-Saharan art, with the cultures of Africa's northern parts typically referred to as Egyptian and North African. Making generalizations about the visual culture of any group of people is a crude endeavor, especially with a culture as diverse as Africa's. With this thought in mind, know that this survey, as any must be, is tremendously limited in its breadth and depth. Examples of African art: Ife (Yoruba), Nigeria, Shrine Head , 12th century - 14th century, terra cotta , 12 x 5 3/4 x 7 inches, Minneapolis Institute of Arts. Mali, Bougouni or Dioila area, Bamana peoples, Mother and Child , 15th-20th century, wood height 48 5/8 inches (123.5 cm), Metropolitan Museum of Art, NY. Nigeria, Edo peoples, Court of Benin, Pendant Mask: Iyoba , 16th century, ivory iron copper height 9 3/8 inches (23.8 cm), Metropolitan Museum of Art, NY. See mask and pendant Nigeria, Edo peoples, Court of Benin
Christraud M. Geary Famouse People of the 20th Century. and exploitation by the rulers towards their indigenous subjects. Gift A Beaded Sculpture from the bamum Kingdom, Cameroon http://20th-century-history-books.com/search_Christraud_M._Geary/searchBy_Author
Extractions: This is a beautifully produced collection of essays and images that provides an overview of the role of postcards in the transformation of indigenous cultures under European-American rule. While conveying the romantic fascination of exotic places for the Western consumer, the book also addresses the underlying issues of arrogance and exploitation by the rulers towards their indigenous subjects. This book is an excellent introduction and overview of an emerging area of historical and anthropol...
Creativepro.com - Dot-font: Trilateral Typography own researches into the many indigenous writing systems Mafundikwa kept getting inquiries from people ( especially from the Bambara and the bamum scripts, for http://www.creativepro.com/story/feature/0,,8249,00.html
AMU CHMA NEWSLETTER #26 (11/11/02) connection of the Bagan numerals to the bamum numerals Sciences, 137 Chao Nei Street, Beijing 10001, People s Republic of indigenous Knowledge World Wide (IKWW http://www.math.buffalo.edu/mad/AMU/amu_chma_26.html
Extractions: AMUCHMA-NEWSLETTER-26 Chairman: Paulus Gerdes (Mozambique) Secretary: Ahmed Djebbar (Algeria) Members: Cyprien Gnanvo (Benin) Nefertiti Megahed (Egypt) Mohamed Aballagh (Morocco) Abdoulaye Kane (Senegal) David Mosimege (South Africa) Mohamed Souissi (Tunisia) David Mtwetwa (Zimbabwe) Associate Members: TABLE OF CONTENTS Objectives of AMUCHMA Meetings, exhibitions, events Current Research Interests Notes and queries ... Addresses of scholars and institutions mentioned in this newsletter Suggestions Do you want to receive the next AMUCHMA-Newsletter AMUCHMA-NEWSLETTER website back to AMUCHMA ONLINE 2. MEETINGS, EXHIBITIONS, EVENTS 2.1. Conferences of Ahmed Djebbar at the Island of Reunion (9-16 February 2002) At the invitation of the Science-Resource Association and of the Institute for Research in Mathematics Education (IREM) of Saint-Denis (Reunion), Ahmed Djebbar (Algeria) gave four lectures on the history of mathematics: "The Arabic phase of algebra" (February 9, Saint Gilles); "The circulation of Arabic sciences around the Mediterranean Sea" (February 12, Saint Pierre, Association of Friends of the University); "The circulation of Arabic mathematics around the Mediterranean Sea (February 13, University of Saint Denis);
African Art Mask African masks are mobile in their indigenous settings, Mask, Buffalo Mask Cameroon, possibly bamum, 1800s1900s country Mali; people Dogon; medium Wood, raffia http://www.world-art-resources.com/african_art_mask.html
Extractions: 91 Related Web Resources - > Shop for African Art Masks at Novica Shop for world art and home décor at Novica. Connect with world artists of handcrafted home décor, unique jewelry, and original art from Asia, Africa, and Latin America. http://www.novica.com The Art of the African Mask http://cti.itc.virginia.edu/~bcr/African_Mask.html Detroit Institute of Arts : Permanent Collection - AONWC: African ... Mask. Early 19th century; Angola, Chokwe; Wood, hemp; height 20 cm (8 in.); Bequest of W. Hawkins Ferry; 1988.193 The Chokwe of Angola http://www.dia.org/collections/aonwc/africanart/1988.193.html Detroit Institute of Arts : Permanent Collection - AONWC: African ... Mask (Ngaady-a-Mwash). height 82 cm (32 1/2 in.); Founders Society Purchase, Mr. and Mrs. Allan Shelden III Fund, funds from the Friends of African Art and the http://www.dia.org/collections/aonwc/africanart/1992.215.html
South African Museum - Encounters With Photography use of selective images, conventional poses and indigenous types, conveys of the Representation of an American people. Geary, Christaud M. Images from bamum. http://www.museums.org.za/sam/conf/enc/sobania.htm
Chapter 1 Little is known about the indigenous inhabitants; but, in affiliations to the Mbembespeaking people of the Abonkwa claim an origin from bamum, while Mbiribwa http://www.era.anthropology.ac.uk/Kaberry/Kaberry_text/ch1pt1.html
Extractions: BEFORE we examine the economy of Bamenda and its bearing on the position of women, a somewhat detailed account of the history, ethnic character and distribution of the peoples is necessary since very little information has been published. The total population of the Province as given in the Annual Report for 948 is 301,000; but this is estimated from figures for adult taxable males, the last census having been taken in 1931. The people are negroid, with possibly a northern strain in some of the Tikar tribes. They vary considerably in physique; but, in general, those of the uplands appear to be taller, wirier, and of better build than those of the forest, where malaria, filaria, yaws, goitre and elephantiasis are prevalent. Apart from the analysis of the Nkom language by the Rev. Father Bruens, very little linguistic research has been done in Bamenda. The Basel Mission has translated the New Testament into Bali, and the Roman Catholic Mission has made some study of the language of Nsaw and produced a catechism in Nkom. The languages of Bamenda have hitherto been classified as Benue-Cross River (or semi-Bantu) and the Tikar placed in the Bafumbum-Bansaw group. But, in a recent set of articles dealing with a reclassification of West African languages, Greenberg has suggested that Bali, Bafut and Ndob (and presumably this would be extended to the dialects spoken by other Tikar peoples in Bamenda) are Bantu. But a definitive classification must wait on further research, as well as the publication of the results of the linguistic field survey of the northern Bantu Borderland now being carried out from the French Cameroons.
African Art Course Slide List - Bowles Metropolitan Mus., NY (M41). indigenous West African women. ca. ReliquaryFigure. Kuba people, Zaire. Top Brass necklace with bovine heads. bamum, Cameroon. http://members.aol.com/GRBowles/art-hist/af-slide-list.html
Extractions: (no images shown) I now have 709 African art slides. Of these 542 are African (incl. Egypt-Nubian), 117 Egyptian (non-Nubian), and 47 African American introduction slides. This page lists the African, Egypt-Nubian, African American introduction, and a few of Western art influenced by African art. This page does not list my Egyptian non-Nubian slides, and additional African American and African European slides, which are on different lists. In addition to the above slides, I show additional works or art on the 20 videotapes I have on African art and related culture, and art processes. The timeframes of these tapes range from approximately 15 to 90 minutes. I plan to write a Web page of notes on these tapes. In teaching African art, I use all or part of these slides, videotapes, and other materials, depending on the nature and purpose of the course, and the course's place in the institution's curriculum. This list divides the continent into three geographic divisions, North, East and Southern, West, and Central. Each division is subdivided by traditional, crafts, and neo-African art as recent as 1999. The list concludes with African-influenced art and crafts, and an introduction to African American art if the latter is appropriate. Use your Web browser's search engine to find a specific artist, title of work, type of art, people, culture, society, town, country, or continental division.
LAS Alumni: News About LAS completed an extensive inventory of indigenous mapmaking in sub The neighboring Tabwa people charted the path of The kingdom of bamum in western Cameroon in the http://www.las.uiuc.edu/alumni/news/00fall_mapmaking.html
Extractions: Bassett recently completed an extensive inventory of indigenous mapmaking in sub-Saharan Africa. What he discovered was a heritage rich in unusual artifacts and representations. Among the Luba peoples of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Lukasa memory boards made of wood, shells, and beads enabled praise singers to recount the history of a specific Luba king. The neighboring Tabwa people charted the path of mythical ancestral heroes on the backs and chests of initiates to the Butwa Society. The kingdom of Bamum in western Cameroon in the early 20th century was the site of one of the most ambitious mapmaking enterprises. Led by King Njoya, the Bamum people developed an alphabet and then undertook a major topographic survey of the kingdom, involving 60 people who made 30 stops over 52 days. "The map's form and content nicely illustrate the political use of maps," says Bassett, noting that the king promoted his political goals of consolidation by presenting images of rule. Fall 2000
Barbier-Mueller Museum (3) Philippines and Indonesia are forms not indigenous to these in battle, for example, other people regarded the shields in societies like the bamum represented a http://sapir.ukc.ac.uk/PRM/prmroot/shieweap/bouclie3.html
Extractions: Shields in the Barbier-Mueller Museum (3) Introduction Foreword to catalogue Review of form, function and contextualisation of shields Shield labels Form, function and contextual framework: Shields in the collection of the Barbier-Mueller Museum Shields were the most extensively utilized form of defensive weapons in the world. Principally used as bodily protection against missiles and as weapons with which to actively parry blows, bearers wielded shields just as effectively to launch offensive attacks, carry magico-religious protective medicines, and create visual noise to confuse or frighten the enemies. The Kalinga of Northern Philippines, for example, used multipronged shields to ambush their victims and pin them to the ground between the prongs in preparation for beheading. To aid with the owner's defense and offense, the Kenyah-Kayan of Borneo painted their shields on the obverse and reverse sides with elaborate double images of the aso -dragon, part of a complex series of soul-protecting measures that extended to traditional patterns on woven cloth, warriors' metal ornaments, and healers' charms. roromaraugi ... , for example, originally functioned as a parrying shield and was held along the pole shaft. The Trobriand
Bamun Art Worlds 1896, Njoya understood his crucial position at bamum s cultural and drawn from both foreign and indigenous rituals In order to educate his people better, Njoya http://www.fas.harvard.edu/~du_bois/RESEARCH___OUTREACH/Bamun_Art_Worlds/bamun_a
Extractions: Bamun Art Worlds: Integration and Innovation in Grassland Cameroon from 1700 to the Present Director, Professor Suzanne Preston Blier This project looks at the arts of the Bamum and its neighbors in the grasslands of Cameroon (West Africa) from the vantage of invention, apropriation, and retranslation of local and foreign artistic and cultural elements from 1700 to the present. The construction and recons is examined historically as well as cross-culturally. The critical interface between colonialism, royal prerogative, individual life-histories, social mores and an explosion of artistic creativity will be examined against both notions of constructing a specific artistic "Weltanshaung" and an ongoing interest in reshaping cultural identity through visual form. The rich and diverse textual archives and artistic forms housed in the Museum of Foumban (the former palace of Bamum King Njoya, himself a key figure in this project) offer a unique opportunity to examine anew the extraordinary art history of this area. The participants in this project represent key African scholars working on this and related art materials from fields as diverse as anthropology, archaeology, cultural history, and art and architectural history. This group includes Christraud Geary of the National Musuem of African Art, Washington, D. C.; British anthropologist Michael Rowlands; archaeologist Germain Loumpet, a Bamum native and a specialist in ceramics and African pre-history; Alexandra Loumpet-Galitzine, archaeologist of French and Russian heritage with a speciality in the Bamum system of writing and related forms; American art historian Steven Nelson, a specialist on architecture of northern Cameroon; and Suzanne Preston Blier, a specialist in African art and architecture who in the past has worked primarily in Togo, Benin and Nigeria.
Extractions: Changing intercommunity relations and the politics of identity in the Northern Mezam area, Cameroon* Résumé La dynamique des relations intercommunautaires et la politique identitaire dans la partie nord du département de la Mezam, Cameroun . Les politiques d'identité, qui souvent fluctuent entre le repli identitaire et le tribalisme et débouchent parfois sur des conflits armés et des génocides, trouvent leur origine dans la politique coloniale. Celle-ci visait à restructurer les relations entre des communautés qui s'accommodaient du passé précolonial. Cet article essaie de démontrer dans quelle mesure les relations basées sur l'arrangement entre les communautés dans la partie nord du département de la Mezam au Cameroun, ont été transformées en relations de concurrence sous la colonisation britannique. La tentative de construire des unités administratives coloniales basées sur les relations de coopération préexistantes a plutôt engendré le désaccord, les divisions et les tensions qui donnent naissance aujourd'hui à des politiques de discorde sociale qui ne servent pas l'intérêt de l'intégration nationale, même au niveau le plus élémentaire qu'est la communauté. Abstract
Extractions: retour à la table des matières MARAN René - Livingstone et l'exploration de l'Afrique. Paris, 1938 ALPHA GADO Boureima - Miroir du passé. Grandes figures de l'histoire du Niger. Niamey, 1993 AMENGUAL Michel - Une histoire de l'Afrique est-elle possible ?. Dakar - Abidjan, 1975 BERTAUX Pierre - L'Afrique de la préhistoire à l'époque contemporaine. Paris, 1973 BIARNES Pierre - Les Français en Afrique Noire de Richelieu à Mitterand. Paris, 1987 BOURMAUD Daniel - Histoire politique du Kenya. Paris, 1988 BOUTILLIER Jean Louis - Bouna, royaume de la savane ivoirienne. princes, marchands et paysans. Paris, 1993 BRUNSCHWIG Henri - Etudes africaines offertes à Henri Brunschwig. Paris, 1982 BURNS A. C. - History of Nigeria. London, 1929 BURNS A. C. - History of Nigeria. London, 1963 CAHEN Michel, (sous la direction de) - Lusotropicalisme. Idéologies coloniales et identités nationales dans les mondes lusophones. Paris, 1997 CHAZAN-GILLIG Suzanne - La société sakalave: le Menabe dans la construction nationale malgache, 1947-1972. Paris, 1991
