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Atoms Ions & Molecules:     more books (41)

Atoms, Ions and Molecules: New Results in Spectral Line Astrophysics (Astronomical Society of the Pacific conference series) Nonlinear Behaviour of Molecules, Atoms and Ions in Electric, Magnetic or Electromagnetic Fields The Wave Mechanics of Atoms, Molecules & Ions by C.J.H. Schutte, 1968-01-01 The wave mechanics of atoms, molecules and ions: An introduction for chemistry students by C. J. H Schutte, 1968 THE WAVE MECHANICS OF ATOMS, MOLECULES AND IONS An introduction for chemistry st Coordination complex: Chemistry, Chemical bond, Ligand, Coordination sphere, Dipolar bond, Molecule, Atom, Ion, Coordination geometry, Inclusion compound, Organometallic chemistry The Wave Mechanics of Atoms, Molecules and Ions by C. J. H. Schutte, 1968-01-01 Adsorption: Atom, Molecule, Desorption, Ion exchange, Chromatography, Physisorption, Van der Waals force, Langmuir equation, Irving Langmuir, Standard conditions for temperature and pressure Light induced kinetic effects on atoms, ions, and molecules: Proceedings of the workshop, held in Marciana Marina, Elba Island, Italy, May 2-5, 1990 Reference Data on Atoms, Molecules, and Ions (Springer Series in Chemical Physics) by A.A. Radzig, B.M. Smirnov, 1985-12-11 Optical emission from ion-atom and ion-molecule interactions by E. Grant Jones, 1978 THE WAVE MECHANICS OF ATOMS, MOLECULES AND IONS An introduction for chemistry st by C. J. H Schutte, 1968-01-01 Radical (chemistry): Chemistry, Atom, Molecule, Ion, Unpaired Electron, Open Shell, Atmospheric Chemistry, Biochemistry, Nitric Oxide Bibliography of chemical kinetics and collision processes: An annotated bibliography of gas-phase reaction rates and low energy cross sections of atoms, ions and small molecules

lists with details

61. Back To Basics
    In addition to information on atoms, molecules and ions, this site introduceselements (a substance made up of only one type of atom).  
    http://www.science.org.au/scied/basics.htm
    
    Extractions: The sites listed below provide an excellent introduction to several basic science concepts. You can visit the links in sequence or use the annotations to select those that contain information most relevant to your interests. Annotated lists of sites are available for Atoms and molecules DNA and genes Electromagnetic radiation Energy ... The structure of the Earth and Weather and climate Chem4Kids (Andrew Rader Studios, USA)

62. Session K2 - Lepton Scattering By Atoms, Ions, And Molecules.
    Session K2 Lepton Scattering by atoms, ions, and molecules. ORAL session,Thursday afternoon, May 17 Salon A, London Convention Centre.  
    http://www.eps.org/aps/meet/DAMOP01/baps/abs/S300.html
    
    Extractions: Salon A, London Convention Centre J.H. Macek (University of Tennessee), N.B. Avdonina (University of Pittsburgh) Zero Momentum Transfer limit of Generalized Oscillator Strengths from Ions. It is well known that generalized oscillator strengths for optically allowed transitions converge to the optical oscillator strength (OOS) limit if the momentum transfer q tends to zero. According to the Lassettre’s theorem [1], they become equal to the OOS at q=0 regardless of the electron energy. We show that for scattering from ions the Lassettre’s theorem is not valid. We farther show, that the limit q=0 is given exactly by the Coulomb-Born GOS at all energies. Using the Coulomb-Born GOS we have obtained an analytical expression for the limit q=0, which strongly depends on energy and tends to the OOS only if the energy of the projectile electron tends to infinity. An analytical expression for the forward scattering is also obtained. [1] Lassetre E N, Skerbele A and Dillon M A 1969 J Chem. Phys. 50 1829.

63. Session B3 - Intense Field Effects: Atoms, Ions, And Molecules.
    Session B3 Intense Field Effects atoms, ions, and molecules. ORAL session,Wednesday morning, May 16 Salon B, London Convention Centre.  
    http://www.eps.org/aps/meet/DAMOP01/baps/abs/S130.html
    
    Extractions: Salon B, London Convention Centre Alfred Maquet, Richard Taïeb, Valérie Véniard (Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris. FRANCE) [1] S.J. McNaught et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 78, 626 (1997). [2] C.I. Moore et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 82, 1688 (1999). Matt Kalinski (FOM Institute AMOLF), ASTRA Collaboration We present a large scale, fully dimensional simulations of two-electron ground state ionization of helium in linearly polarized electromagnetic field. Using cylindrical coordinates we correctly handle the approximate cylindrical symmetry of the problem and find the correspondence with one dimensional models up to scaling factors. The deviations are cause by transverse spreading of the free electron wave packet and strongly depend on the frequency of the driving field. We calculate so called degree of correlation with shows the poorness of single electron approximations of any kind as it almost randomly oscillates between fully correlated and decorrelated system. S.L. Haan, P.S. Wheeler (Calvin College)

64. Lecture Notes-2
    ions (Charged atoms or molecules) Can Conduct Electricity. Giving up electronleaves a + charge (cation); Taking on electron produces a charge (anion);  
    http://members.aol.com/Bio50/LecNotes/lecnot02.html

65. Chem 101 (SEAS) Problem Set 1 (Atoms, Molecules And Ions)
    Chem 101 (SEAS) Problem Set 1 atoms, molecules and ions. Reading ZumdahlChapter 2 3. Problems complete by first recitation section  
    http://www.seas.upenn.edu/~chem101/homework1.html

66. Kennedy Space Center Corrosion Technology Testbed -- Why Metals Corrode
    The Nature of Matter. atoms. ions. molecules. Acids and Bases. atoms Allmatter is made of atoms composed of protons, neutrons, and electrons.  
    http://corrosion.ksc.nasa.gov/html/electrochem_nature.htm
    
    Extractions: Kennedy Space Center, Florida 32899 The Nature of Matter Atoms Ions Molecules Acids and Bases Atoms: All matter is made of atoms composed of protons, neutrons, and electrons. The center, or nucleus, of the atom is composed of positively charge protons and neutral neutrons. The outside of the atom has negatively charged electrons in various orbits. This is shown schematically in the picture to the right where the electrons are shown orbiting the center, or nucleus, of the atom in much the same way that the planets orbit the sun in our solar system. All atoms have the same number of protons (positively charged) and electrons (negatively charged). Therefore all atoms have a neutral charge (the positive and negative charges cancel each other). Most atoms have approximately the same number of neutrons as they do protons or electrons, although this is not necessary, and the number of neutrons does not affect the identity of the element. The number of protons (atomic number) in an atom determines which kind of atom we have, and the atomic mass (weight) of the atom is determined by the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus (the electrons are so small as to be almost weightless).

67. Molecules.dcr
    between the atoms within a molecule are called intramolecular interactions. Intermolecularinteractions occur between all types of molecules or ions in all  
    http://www.umr.edu/~gbert/INTERACT/intermolecular.HTM
    
    Extractions: Page loading ... Please wait. University of Missouri-Rolla Interactions between two or more molecules are called inter molecular interactions, while the interactions between the atoms within a molecule are called intra molecular interactions. Intermolecular interactions occur between all types of molecules or ions in all states of matter. They range from the strong, long-distance electrical attractions and repulsions between ions to the relatively weak dispersion forces which have not yet been completely explained. The various types of interactions are classified as (in order of decreasing strength of the interactions): ion - ion dispersion forces Without these interactions, the condensed forms of matter (liquids and solids) would not exist except at extremely low temperatures. We will explore these various forces and interactions in the gas phase to understand why some materials vaporize at very low temperatures, and others persist as solids or liquids to extremely high temperatures. Ion - Ion Interactions The interactions between ions (ion - ion interactions) are the easiest to understand: like charges repel each other and opposite charges attract. These Coulombic forces operate over relatively long distances in the gas phase. The force depends on the product of the charges (

68. Solids, Liquids, And Gases
    Presumably, in order to cause a solid to convert to a liquid, or a liquid to agas, the ions, atoms, or molecules that occupy the lattice positions of the  
    http://wulfenite.fandm.edu/Intro_to_Chem/solids_liquids_gases.htm
    
    Extractions: VI. Matter in Bulk B. Solids, Liquids, and Gases The three states of mattersolid, liquid, and gasdiffer primarily in two respects: a) the distance between the ions or molecules, and b) the extent to which the ions or molecules move. In the solid and liquid states, the ions or molecules are very close, whereas in the gaseous state, these particles are separated by relatively large distances. In the solid state, the ions or molecules do not translate; that is, they move around within the rigid form that constrains them. These particles do, however, vibrate about their positions. In the liquid and solid states, the particles are free to translate. Let's deal first with the nature of the substance. There four basic types of solids: a) ionic , b) molecular , c) covalent network , and d) metallic . As we know from our previous discussion of bonding, ionic compounds consist of ions. These ions are packed very efficiently to make the best use of the available space and to maximize the number of ions of opposite charge that surround a particular ion. Figure 43 shows a photo of the sodium chloride lattice (a lattice is just a regular, systematic arrangement of particles). Part (b) of this figure focuses in on a smaller part of the lattice so that we can see a sodium ion (the silver sphere in the center) surrounded by chloride ions. Molecular solids contain molecules. These molecules are also efficiently packed as shown by the model of solid carbon tetrachloride in Figure 45. The forces between molecules, called intermolecular forces, are much weaker than the electrostatic ionic forces. Consequently, the melting points of molecular solids are much lower than that of ionic solids.

69. James Francis Harrison
    to assigning (reliable) geometric and electronic structures to the intermediatesand products of the reactions of metal atoms and ions with organic molecules.  
    http://www.cem.msu.edu/~harrison/harrison.html
    
    Extractions: Professor (b. 1940). B.S., 1962, Drexel Institute of Technology; M.A., 1964, Ph.D., 1966, Princeton University; NSF Postdoctoral Fellow, 1966-67, Research Associate 1967-68, Indiana University; Scientist in Residence, Argonne National Laboratory, 1980-81. My research program is centered around understanding the electronic structure of molecules and solids and presently we are studying three broad areas. The Electronic and Geometric Structure of Diatomic and Small Polyatomic Molecules Containing a First Transition Series Element. In these studies we use MCSCF and multireference CI techniques to investigate the bonding between a transition metal (either Mdeg., M or M ) and a main group atom or group of atoms. In particular we construct our wavefunctions to incorporate 1) the atomic correlation and spin couplings necessary to insure the asymptotically correct metal atoms/ions limits and 2) the molecular correlation necessary to describe continuously and accurately the formation of the bond to the metal atom/ion. Considerable effort is expended in extracting from the calculation qualitative insights into the nature of the bonding in these materials. We believe that these insights are essential to assigning (reliable) geometric and electronic structures to the intermediates and products of the reactions of metal atoms and ions with organic molecules. Electronic and Magnetic Structure of Transition Metal Ions in Oxide Superconductors and other Complex Layered Oxides. In these studies we are interested in the crystal field splitting, ordered antiferromagnetic moment and magnetic form factor of La2CuO4, and YBa2Cu3O6, the insulating parents of the high-Tc superconducting oxides, as well as other complex layered oxides such as La2NiO4 and some related fluorides. We are using ab-initio MCSCF as well as CI calculations of various clusters to simulate the electronic structure of the extended solid. Madelung effects as well as Pauli repulsion effects on the cluster are incorporated via structureless point charges and effective core potentials respectively. We have recently completed applying this model to the NiF6

70. Nobel Prize In Physics 1925 - Presentation Speech
    Franck and Hertz have opened up a new chapter in physics, viz., the theory of collisionsof electrons on the one hand, and of atoms, ions, molecules or groups  
    http://www.nobel.se/physics/laureates/1925/press.html
    
    Extractions: Each atom can exist in an unlimited number of different states, the so called stationary states. Each of these stationary states is characterized by a given energy level. The difference between two such energy levels, divided by Planck's constant h, is the oscillation frequency of a spectral line that can be emitted by the atom. In addition to these basic hypotheses, Bohr also put forward a number of specific hypotheses, with the aid of which it was possible to calculate the spectral lines of the hydrogen atom and the helium ion. The extraordinarily good agreement with experience obtained in this way, explains why after 1913 almost a whole generation of theoretical and experimental physicists devoted itself to atomic physics and its application in spectroscopy. Professor Franck. Professor Hertz. Through clear thinking and painstaking experimental work in a field which is continuously being flooded by different hypotheses, you have provided a firm footing for future research. In gratitude for your work and with sincere good wishes I request you to receive the Physics Nobel Prize for 1925 from the hands of our King.

71. Mead Made Complicated: Atoms And Molecules
    ions. atoms and molecules are electrically neutral When the are in aqueous solution(in water) they can give or take an electron, they are then called ions.  
    http://www.meadmadecomplicated.org/science/atoms_molecules.html
    
    Extractions: Calculating ABV pdf Matter is made of atoms. There are around a hundred of different ones but only a handful are really important to understand fermentation. The word "element" is used to talk about the kind of atoms: there are billions atoms but only slightly more than a hundred elements. Every element is represented by one or two letters. For instance: hydrogen (H), oxygen (O), nitrogen (N), carbon (C), sulfur (S), sodium (Na). It is important that the second letter not be a capital (the first one is always a capital letter): CO is carbon monoxide (one atom of carbon C et one atom of oxygen O), colorless, tasteless and lethal gas, whereas Co is cobalt (metal). Some molecules are useful in the following explanations but may be not linked to fermentation. The fact that a molecule appears in this text does not automatically imply it will necessarily be a part of fermentation. Every atom has a nucleus made of protons and neutrons around which "rotate" electrons. The number of protons, which is equal to the number of electrons, is characteristic of the element and is called the atomic number. Its value is 1 in the case of hydrogen (H), 2 in helium (He), 82 for lead (Pb).

72. Tutorial Disorder: A Brief Introduction
    A crystal is a potentially endless, threedimensional, periodic discontinuumbuilt up by atoms, ions or molecules. Frequently, parts  
    http://shelx.uni-ac.gwdg.de/~peterm/tutorial/do-intro.htm
    
    Extractions: The following text is a very brief introduction to disorder. For a more detailed description you may click on the keywords. A crystal is a potentially endless, three-dimensional, periodic discontinuum built up by atoms, ions or molecules. Frequently, parts of molecules (or in some extreme cases whole molecules) are found in more than one crystallographically independent orientation. Besides twinning and the possibility of more than one molecule per asymmetric unit there is disorder. In the case of disorder the orientations of the molecules differ randomly in the different unit cells. The structure of the unit cell determined from the diffraction pattern is the spatial average over the whole crystal. Normally, the solution and initial refinement of a partially disordered structure is not problematic. However the anisotropic displacement parameters (ADPs) may be of pathological shape (because the program tries to refine two or more atom sites with only one ellipsoid) and the presence of relatively high residual electron density peaks or holes close to the disordered atoms is quite usual. In principle one can distinguish two types of disorder: The discrete or continuous positional disorder

73. Chem4Kids.com:Atoms
    Atom Overview. Structure. ions. Bonding. Compounds. Naming. Isotopes Search. Chem4Kids. atoms are the basis of chemistry section that matter is composed of atoms. That's true. atoms and  
    http://www.chem4kids.com/files/atom_intro.html
    
    Extractions: Atoms are the basis of chemistry. They are the basis for everything in the Universe. You already learned in the matter section that matter is composed of atoms. That's true. Atoms and the study of atoms are a world unto themselves. We're going to cover basics like atomic structure and bonding between atoms. As you learn more, you can move to the biochemistry section to see how atoms form compounds that make the biological world happen. You'll soon be learning that atoms are composed of pieces like Neutrons, Electrons and Protons. But guess what? There are even smaller pieces moving around in those atoms. Scientists have many names for those pieces, but you may have heard of NUCLEONS and QUARKS . Nuclear chemists and physicists work together with particle accelerators to discover the presence of these tiny, tiny, tiny pieces of matter.

74. MATTER AND ENERGY RESOURCES
    Heat is the total kinetic energy of all the randomly moving atoms, ions, or moleculeswithin a given substance, excluding the overall motion of the whole object  
    http://members.tripod.com/recalde/lec7.html

75. Introduction To Cubic Crystal Lattice Structures
    The macroscopic result of the microscopic arrangements of the atoms, ions or moleculesis exhibited in the symmetrical shapes of the crystalline solids.  
    http://www.okstate.edu/jgelder/solstate.html
    
    Extractions: The outstanding macroscopic properties of crystalline solids are rigidity, incompressibility and characteristic shape. All crystalline solids are composed of orderly arrangements of atoms, ions, or molecules. The macroscopic result of the microscopic arrangements of the atoms, ions or molecules is exhibited in the symmetrical shapes of the crystalline solids Solids are either amorphous, without form, or crystalline. In crystalline solid s the array of particles are well ordered. Crystalline solids have definite, rigid shapes with clearly defined faces. The arrangement of the atoms, ions or molecules are very ordered and repeat in 3-dimensions. Small, 3-dimensional, repeating units called unit cells are responsible for the order found in crystalline solids. The unit cell can be thought of as a box which when stacked together in 3-dimensions produces the crystal lattice. There are a limited number of unit cells which can be repeated in an orderly pattern in three dimensions. We will explore the cubic system in detail to understand the structure of most metals and a wide range of ionic compounds. In the cubic crystal system three types of arrangements are found;

76. Chemistry
    Some molecules form ions when they are dissolved in water For example, the HCl moleculecomes apart (it dissociates because it has the electron from the H atom.  
    http://faculty.clintoncc.suny.edu/faculty/Michael.Gregory/files/Bio 101/Bio 101
    
    Extractions: Home General Biology 1 General Biology 2 Human Biology ... Ecology (requires password) Chapter 4 - Chemistry Matter occupies space and has weight. It can exist as a solid, liquid, or gas. It may be possible to break some kinds of matter down into other kinds of matter with different properties. For example, water (H O) can be broken down into hydrogen and oxygen. Hydrogen and oxygen in the above example cannot be broken down any further because they are elements Elements cannot be broken down into substances with different properties. For example, water (H O) is not an element because it can be broken down into hydrogen (H) and oxygen (O). The smallest particle of an element is an atom Elements are substances made up of only one kind of atom. There are 92 naturally occurring elements. Matter is therefore composed of 92 different kinds of elements. The following elements make up 98% of the body weight of organisms: Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen, Sulfur, Phosphorus. Atoms are composed protons, neutrons, and electrons.

77. EC HCM Network
    EC HCM Network. Electron and Photon Interactions with atoms, Ionsand molecules. Fileserver; Newsletters. Topics. Electron and Photon  
    http://www.dl.ac.uk/TCSC/HCM/pecam/main.html
    
    Extractions: Electron and Photon Collisions with Atoms and Ions: Electron and Photon Collisions with Molecules: Electron Atom Collisions in Intense Laser Fields and Multiphoton Ionization High Performance Computing Methods Queen's University of Belfast, Northern Ireland Department of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics Université Libre de Bruxelles, Belgium Service de Physique Atomique Théorique Université de Rennes I, France

78. Lecture 21: Spectral Lines & Doppler Shifts
    Computations of the abundances of different atoms, ions, and moleculesmust take into account the reliance on temperature. If a  
    http://www-astronomy.mps.ohio-state.edu/~ryden/ast161_5/notes22.html
    
    Extractions: - Jane Taylor Every type of atom, as mentioned at the end of yesterday's lecture, has a unique emission/absorption spectrum. In addition, every ion and every molecule has a unique spectrum as well. An ion is an atom with one or more electrons added (forming a negative ion), or with one or more electrons stripped away (forming a positive ion). A molecule is two or more atoms bonded together. Thus, the spectrum of a negative oxygen ion is different from the spectrum of a neutral oxygen atom; so is the spectrum of an oxygen molecule (which consists of two oxygen atoms bonded together). From emission or absorption lines in an object's spectrum, we know: Generally speaking, molecules can only exist in relatively cool regions (like the Earth, for instance). As the temperature rises, first molecules are ripped apart to form atoms, then electrons are stripped from the atoms to form ions.

79. AMES
    Is O 2 an extended structure or discrete molecule? 5. (Unit cells; Ch. 12. (atoms,ions) How many atoms are in the formula Al 2 (SO 4 ) 3 ? 3, 5, 17.  
    http://www.jce.divched.org/JCEDLib/QBank/collection/ConcepTests/atoms.html

80. ChemViz Tutorial - Nanocad
    A new window will open that looks like From this window you can selectatoms, ions, function(al) groups, or molecules to add. For  
    http://chemviz.ncsa.uiuc.edu/content/tut-Nanocad.html
    
    Extractions: Home About Tools Curriculum ... Teacher Forum ChemViz Tutorial Introduction Waltz CSD Nanocad ... Cosmoplayer Nanocad Tutorial Nanocad is a java-based interface that allows you to 'draw' your molecule in 3-space and export the information to Waltz. Nanocad also can minimize energy to optimize the coordinates of the molecule. Logging in Getting Started Nanocad Interface Make a New Molecule ... Nanocad Documentation Note: Nanocad requires Java run-time environment 1.4. Log into ChemViz by using either the login box in the upper right hand corner of the screen, or by accessing the Accounts page Login prompt. If you do not have a ChemViz account, you may request a guest student , or teacher account. The Accounts page also allows you to retrieve a forgotten password, or change your password. Before using ChemViz, you may wish to check that your browser is configured optimally (http://chemviz.ncsa.uiuc.edu/content/config_check.html) to insure that ChemViz will run and display properly. To begin using Nanocad, access the Nanocad tool at

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